584
Views
43
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Earthworm as a potential protein resource

, , &
Pages 221-236 | Received 16 Apr 1996, Published online: 31 Aug 2010

References

  • Aklyaman , T. 1984 . Supplementation of various meals to fish meal diet for chum salmon fry . Aquaculture , 37 (3) : 217 – 222 .
  • Alumets , J. , Hakanson , R. , Sundler , F. and Thorell , J. 1979 . Neuronal localisation of immunoreactive enkephlin and Bendorphin in the earthworm . Nature (London) , 279 : 805 – 806 .
  • Andersen , C. 1979 . Cadmium, lead and calcium content, number, and biomass, in earthworm (Lumbricidae) from sewage sludge treated soil . Pedobiologia , 309
  • AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) . 1975 . Offical methods of Analysis , Edited by: Horwize , W. Washington, DC : AOAC .
  • Augustine , P.C. and Lund , E.E. 1974 . The fate of eggs and larvae of Ascaridia galli in earthworms . Avian Dis. , 18 : 394 – 398 .
  • Beyer , W.N. 1987 . Relation of pH and other soil variables to concentration of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and Se in earthworms . Pedobiologia , 167
  • Blair , B. 1985 . Unusually nutritions: a look at some feed alternatives . Milling , 168 (6) : 21 – 22 .
  • Boushy , E. 1986 . Biological conversion of poultry and animal waste to a feedstuff for poultry . Poultry Adviser. , 19 (6) : 51 – 65 .
  • Chen , Y. , Xu , Z.‐F and Feng , X.‐Y . 1975 . On some newly found species of terrestrial Oligochaeta in China . J. of Zoology , 21 : 1
  • Curry , J.P. 1988 . “ The ecology of earthworm in reclaimed soils and their influence on soil fertility ” . In Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management , Edited by: Edwards , C.A. and Neuhauser , E.F. 251 – 261 . The Hague, , The Netherlands : SPB Academic Publishing .
  • Edwards , C.A. and Neuhauser , E. F. , eds. 1988 . Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management , The Hague, , The Netherlands : SPB Acadmic .
  • Edwards , C.A. and Lofty , J.R. 1977 . Biology of Earthworms , (2nd edition) , 330 – 333 . London : Chapman and Hall .
  • Fischer , E. and Koszorus , L. 1992 . Sublethal effects, accumulation capacities and elimination rate of As, Hg and Se in the manure worm, Eisenia fetida (Oligochaete, Lumbricidae) . Pedobiologia , : 172 – 178 .
  • Fosgate , O.T. and Babb , M.R. 1972 . Biodegradation of animal waste by Lumbricus terrestris . J. Dairy Sci. , 55 : 870 – 872 .
  • French , C.E. 1957 . Nutrient composition of earthworms. . J. Wildlife Mgmt , 21 : 348
  • Graff , O. Preliminary experiments of vermicomposting of different wastematerial using Eudrilus eugeniae Kinberg . Workshop on the Role of Earthworms in the Stabilization of Organic Residues (Proceedings) . Edited by: Appelhof , M. Vol. 1 , pp. 179 – 191 . Kalamazoo, Ml : Beech Leaf Press .
  • Harwood , M. Recovery of protein from poultry waste by earthworms . Proceedings of the 1st Australian Poul . pp. 138 – 143 . Melbourne : Stockfeed Conv. .
  • Harwood , M. and Sabine , J.R. 1978 . The nutritive value of worm meal. Pro. 2nd Austr , 164 – 171 . Sydney : Poul. Stockfeed Conv. .
  • Huang , F.‐Z. and Zhang , Y.‐Z. 1980 . Distribution of earthworm in China and their functions for substance cycles and nutrient accumulation in soil . Shanxi Science and Technology (agriculture) , : 18 – 24 .
  • Ireland , M.P. 1983 . “ Heavy metal uptake and tissue distribution in earthworms ” . In Earthworm Ecology: from Darwin to Vermiculture , Edited by: Satchell , J.E. 247 – 256 . London : Chapman and Hall .
  • Jakovljevic , D.D. 1975 . Some aspects of the epizootology and economical significance of ascariasis in swine . Acta Vet. Beogr. , 25 : 315 – 325 .
  • Koh , T.S. 1985 . Biological utilization of earthworm (Eisenia foetida) cake protein supplemented with methioine, histidine or tryptophan in chicks . Korean J. of Ani. Sci. , 27 (5) : 305 – 309 .
  • Lawrence , R.D. and Miller , H.R. 1945 . Protein content of earthworms . Nature , 155 : 157
  • McInroy , D.M. 1971 . Evaluation of the earthworm Eisenia foetida as food for man and domastic animals . Feedstuff's , 43 : 37 – 46 .
  • Mo , H.‐D. 1984 . Experimental Statistics of Agriculture , 618 – 624 . Shanghai : Shanghai Sci. and Tech. Press .
  • Nadazdin , M. 1988 . Essential amino acid values in dried Californian worms with their possible use in poultry nutrition . Veterinarski Glasnik , 42 (11/12) : 745 – 751 .
  • Needham , A.E. 1957 . Components of nitrogenous excrate in the earthworm Eisenia foetida and Lumbricus terrestris. . J. Exp. Bio. , 34 : 425 – 446 .
  • Reynolds , J.W and Reynolds , W.M. 1972 . Earthworms in medicine . Am. J. Nurs. , 72 : 1273
  • Sabine , J. 1978 . The nutritive value of earthworm meal. Utilization of soil organisms in sludge management , Springfield, VA : Nati. Techn. Infor. Services . No. PS 286932
  • Sabine , J.R. 1983 . “ Earthworms as a source of food and drugs ” . In Earthworm Ecology: from Darwin to Vermiculture , Edited by: Satchell , J.R. 285 – 296 . London : Chapman and Hall .
  • Schulz , E. and Graff , O. 1977 . Zur bewertung von Regenwurmmehl aus Eisenia foetida (Savigny, 1826) das Eiweissfuttermittel . Landbau Forsch. Volkenrode , 27 : 216 – 218 .
  • Snedeeor , G.W. and Cochran , W.G. 1980 . Satistical Methods , 507 Ames, IA : Iowa State University Press .
  • Stafford , E.A. and Tacon , A.G.J. 1985 . The nutritive evaluation of dried earthworm meal (Eisenia foetida Savigny, 1826) included at low levels in production diets for rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Rachardson . Aquaculture and Fisheries Management , 16 : 213 – 222 .
  • Steel , R.G.D. and Torrie , J.H. 1960 . Principles and procedure of statistics , New York, NY : McGraw‐Hill .
  • Sugimura , K. 1984 . Nutritional value of earthworms and grasshoppers as poultry feed . Japanese Poul. Sci. , 21 (1) : 1 – 7 .
  • Suzuki , K.T. , Yamamura , M. and Mori , T. 1980 . Cadmium‐binding proteins induced in the earthworm . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 9 : 415 – 424 .
  • Sun , Z.‐J . 1995 . Production and nutrive value of earthworm , Novi Sad, Yugoslavia : “Domin” Press .
  • Taboga , L. 1980 . The nutritional value of earthworms for chickens . British Poultry Science , 21 : 405 – 410 .
  • Velasquez , L. 1991 . A note on the nutritional evaluation of worm meal (Eisenia fetida) in diets for rainbow trout . Animal Production , 53 (1) : 119 – 122 .
  • Xiao , Z.‐D . 1984 . A survey of earthworm metabolic energy . J. of Jilin Agri. University , 4 : 28 – 32 .
  • Xu , Z.‐Y. 1979 . Experimental handbook for nutrition analysis . Publishing House for Agriculture , : 1 – 98 .
  • Zhang , H.‐Z. 1984 . Nutritional composition and evaluation of earthworms . Chinese Journal of Zoology , 19 (2) : 18 – 19 .
  • Zeng , Z.‐P. , Zhang , G.‐Q. and Xu , Q. 1982 . Earthworm cultures , 1 – 146 . Wuhan, , China : Hubei people's publishing house .
  • Zou , W.‐C. 1993 . Nutritive composition of earthworm's body fluids and its exploitation and utilization . Chinese J. of Zool. , 28 (3) : 7 – 11 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.