Nutrient reduction by biomanipulation: An unexpected phenomenon and its possible cause

References

• Barlow, J. P. & Bishop, J. W., 1965: Phosphate regeneration by Zooplankton in Cayuga Lake. — Limnol. Oceanogr. 10 (suppl.): R15–R24.
   Google Scholar
• Brooks, J. L. & Dodson, S. I., 1965: Predation, body size and composition of plankton. — Science 150: 28–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns, C. W., 1968: The relationship between body size of filter-feeding Cladocera and the maximum size of particle ingested. — Limnol. Oceanogr. 13: 675–678.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns, C. W. 1969: Relation between filtering rate, temperature, and body size in four species of Daphnia. — Limnol. Oceanogr. 14: 693–700.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson, R. E. & Schoenberg, S. A., 1983: The control of blue-green algae by zooplankton grazing. — In. Lake Restoration, Protection and Management. EPA 440/5-83-001. U. S. Environm. Prot. Agency, Washington, D. C.
   Google Scholar
• Cushing, D. H., 1951: The vertical migration of planktonic Crustacea. — Biol. Rev. 26: 158–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edmondson, W. T. & Litt, A. H., 1982: Daphnia in Lake Washington. — Limnol. Oceanogr. 27: 272–293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrante, J. G. & Parker, J. T., 1977: Transport of diatom frustules by copepod fecal pellets to the sediments of Lake Michigan. — Limnol. Oceanogr. 22: 92–98.
   Google Scholar
• Gliwicz, Z. M., 1980: Filtering rates, food size selection, and feeding rates in cladocerans — another aspect of interspecific competition in filter-feeding zooplankton. — In: W. C. Kerfoot (ed.), Evolution and ecology of zooplankton communities. Amer. Soc. Limnol. Oceanogr. Spec. Symp. 3. Univ. Press of New England, Hanover, N. H.
   Google Scholar
• Guillard, R. L. L., 1975: Culture of phytoplankton for feeding marine invertebrates. — In: W. L. Smith & M. H. Chanley (eds.), Culture of marine invertebrate animals. Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Haney, J. F., 1973: An in situ examination of the grazing activities of natural zooplankton communities. — Arch. Hydrobiol. 72: 87–132.
   Google Scholar
• Haney, J. F. & Hall, D. J., 1976: Diel vertical migration and filter-feeding activities of Daphnia. — Arch. Hydrobiol. 75: 413–441.
   Google Scholar
• Helfrich, L. A., 1976: Effects of predation by fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, on planktonic communities in small eutrophic ponds. — Ph. D. Thesis, Michigan State Univ., E. Lansing.
   Google Scholar
• Henrikson, L., Nyman, H. G., Oscarson, H. G. & Stenson, J. E., 1980: Trophic changes, without changes in the external nutrient loading. — Hydrobiologia 68: 257–263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hrbáček, J., Dvořáková, M., Kořínek, V. & Procházková, L., 1961: Demonstration of the effect of fish stock on the species composition and the intensity of metabolism of the whole plankton association. — Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 14: 192–195.
   Google Scholar
• Hutchinson, G. E., 1967: A Treatise on Limnology (2). — John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1115 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Jacoby, J. M., Lynch, D. D., Welch, E. G. & Perkins, M. A., 1982: Internal phosphorus loading in a shallow eutrophic lake. — Water Res. 16: 911–919.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitchell, J. F., O'neill, R. V., Webb, D., Gallepp, G. W., Bartell, S. M., Koonce, J. F. & Ausmus, B. S., 1979: Consumer regulation of nutrient cycling. — Bio Science 29: 28–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larow, E. J., Wilkinson, W. J. & Kumar, K. D., 1975: The effect of food concentration and temperature on respiration and excretion in herbivorous zooplankton. — Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 19: 966–973.
   Google Scholar
• Lehman, J. T., 1980: Release and cycling of nutrients between planktonic algae and herbivores. — Limnol. Oceanogr. 25: 620–632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, M. & Shapiro, J., 1981: Predation, enrichment, and phytoplankton community structure. — Limnol. Oceanogr. 26: 86–102.
   Google Scholar
• Peters, R. H. & Rigler, F. H., 1973: Phosphorus release by Daphnia. — Limnol. Oceanogr. 18: 821–839.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redfield, A. C., Smith, H. P. & Ketchum, B. H., 1937: The cycle of organic phosphorus in the Gulf of Maine. — Biol. Bull. 73: 421–443.
   Google Scholar
• Schindler, D. W. & Comita, G. W., 1972: The dependence of primary production upon physical and chemical factors in a small, senescing lake, including the effects of complete winter oxygen depletion. — Arch. Hydrobiol. 69: 413–451.
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro, J., Forsberg, B., Lamarra, V., Lindmark, G., Lynch, M., Smeltzer, E. & Zoto, G., 1982: Experiments and Experiences in Biomanipulation: Studies of ways to reduce algal abundance and eliminate bluegreens. — EPA 600/3-82-096. U. S. Environm. Prot. Agency, Washington, D. C.
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro, J. & Wright, D. I., 1984: Lake restoration by biomanipulation. — Freshwater Biol, (in press).
   Google Scholar
• Smayda, T., 1969: Some measurements of the sinking rates of fecal pellets. — Limnol. Oceanogr. 14: 621–625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smeltzer, E. G., 1980: The influence of fish on the abundance of algae in Clear Lake, Minnesota. — M. S. Thesis, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 70 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Stenson, J. A. E., Bohlin, T., Henrjkson, L., Nilsson, B. I., Nyman, H. G., Oscarson, H. G. & Larsson, P., 1978: Effects of fish removal from a small lake. — Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 20: 794–801.
   Google Scholar
• Wetzel, R. G., 1975: Limnology. — W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 743 pp.
   Google Scholar