Contrasting effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on epilithic algae in a hardwater and a softwater stream in Northern Michigan

References

• APHA, 1985: Standard methods for the examination o) water and wastewater. Sixteenth Edition. — American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., 1268 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold, D. E., Bender, P. M., Hale, A. B. & Light, R. W., 1981: Studies on infertile, acidic Pennsylvania streams and their benthic communities. — In: Singer, R. (Ed.): Effects of acidic precipitation on benthos: 15–33. — Proceedings of a symposium, Colgate University, August 8–9, 1980. North American Benthological Society.
   Google Scholar
• Collier, K. J. & Winterbourn, M. J., 1987: Faunal and chemical dynamics of some acid and alkaline New Zealand streams. — Freshwater Biol. 18: 227–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egglishaw, H. J., 1968: The quantitative relationship between bottom fauna and plant detritus in streams of different calcium concentrations. — J. Appl. Ecol. 5: 731–740.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elwood, J. W., Newbold, J. D., Trimble, A. F. & Stark, R. W., 1981: The limiting role of phosphorus in a woodland stream ecosystem; effect of P enrichment on leaf decomposition and primary producers. — Ecology 62: 146–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairchild, G. W., Lowe, R. L. & Richardson, W. B., 1985: Algal periphyton growth on nutrient-diffusing substrates: an in situ bioassay. — Ecology 66: 465–472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory, S. V., 1980: Effects of light, nutrients and grazing on periphyton communities in streams. — Ph. D. Dissertation, Oregon State Univ., Corvalis, 165 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Grimm, N. B., Fisher, S. G. & Minkley, W. L., 1981: Nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in hot desert streams of southwestern U.S.A. — Hydrobiologia 83: 303–312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horner, R. R. & Welch, E. B., 1981: Stream periphyton development in relation to current velocity and nutrients. — Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38: 449–457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornick, L. E., Webster, J. R. & Benfield, E. F., 1981: Periphyton production in an Appalachian Mountain trout stream. — Amer. Midi. Natur. 106: 22–36.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, J. R., Smart, M. M. & Burroughs, J. N., 1984: Factors related to algal biomass in Missouri Ozark streams. — Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 22: 1867–1875.
   Google Scholar
• Krueger, C. C. & Waters, T. F., 1983: Annual production of macroinvertebrates in three streams of different water quality. — Ecology 64: 840–850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lay, J. A. & Ward, A. K., 1987: Algal community dynamics in two streams associated with different geological regions in the southeastern United States. — Arch. Hydrobiol. 108: 305–324.
   Google Scholar
• Lowe, R. L., Golladay, S. W. & Webster, J. R., 1986: Periphyton response to nutrient manipulation in streams draining clearcut and forested watersheds. — J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 5: 221–229.
   Google Scholar
• Oemke, M. P. & Burton, T. M., 1986: Diatom colonization dynamics in a lotic system. — Hydrobiologia 139: 153–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, B. J., Hobbie, J. E., Hershey, A. E., Lock, M. A., Ford, T. E., Vestal, J. R., McKinley, V. L., Hullar, M. A. J., Miller, M. C., Ventullo, R. M. & Volk, G. S., 1985: Transformation of a tundra river from heterotrophy to autotrophy by addition of phosphorus. — Science 229: 1383–1386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pringle, C. M., 1987: Effects of water and substratum nutrient supplies on lotic periphyton growth: an integrated bioassay. — Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44: 619–629.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pringle, C. M. & Bowers, J. A., 1984: An in situ substratum fertilization technique: Diatom colonization on nutrient-enriched, sand substrata. — Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci;. 41: 1247–1251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson, R. J., 1983: Effects of current and conditions simulating autogenically changing microhabitats on benthic diatom immigration. — Ecology 64: 1514–1524.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockner, J. G. & Shortreed, K. R. S., 1978: Enhancement of autotrophic production by nutrient addition in a coastal rainforest stream on Vancouver Island. — J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 35: 28–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumner, W. T. & Fisher, S. G., 1979: Periphyton production in Fort River, Massachusetts. — Freshwater Biol. 9: 205–212.
   Google Scholar
• Tarzwell, C. M., 1938: Factors influencing fish food and fish production in southwestern streams. — Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 67: 246–255.
   Google Scholar
• Triska, F. J., Kennedy, V. C., Avanzino, R.J. & Reilly, B. N., 1983: Effect of simulated canopy cover on regulation of nitrate uptake and primary production by natural periphyton assemblages. — In: Fontaine III, T. D. & Bartell, S. M. (Eds.): Dynamics of lotic ecosystems: 129–159. — Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. EPA, 1979: Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. — EPA-600/479-020, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
   Google Scholar