Limits for life in the lake ecosystem

References

• Adalsteinsson, H., Jónasson, P. M. & Rist, S., 1992: Physical characteristics of Thingvallavatn, Iceland. — Oikos 64: 121–135.
   Google Scholar
• Ambühl, H., 1969: Die neueste Entwicklung des Vierwaldstätter Sees (Lake of Lucerne). — Verb. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 17: 219–230.
   Google Scholar
• Antonsson, Ú., 1992: The structure and function of Zooplankton in Thingvallavatn, Iceland. — Oikos 64: 188–221.
   Google Scholar
• Bennike, S. A. Boisen, 1943: Contributions to the ecology and biology of the Danish freshwater leeches (Hirudinea). — Fol. Limnol. Scand. 2: 1–109.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, K., 1938: Studies on the bottom animals of Es- rom Lake. — K. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Nat. Mat. Afd. 9,8: 1–255.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, K. & Jónasson, P. M., 1965: Oxygen consumption of profundal lake animals at low oxygen content of the water. — Hydrobiol. 26: 131–144.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, K. & Jónasson, P. M. & Ockelmann, K. W., 1962: The respiration of some animals from the profundal zone of a lake. — Hydrobiol. 19: 1–40.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, K. & Ockelmann, K. W., 1962: The respiration of freshwater snails. — J. exp. Biol. 36: 690–708.
   Google Scholar
• Bonacina, C., 1977: Lo zooplancton del Lago Maggiore: Situazione attuale e modificazioni a lungo termine della struttura comunitaria. — Mem. Ist. ital. Idrobiol. 34: 79–120.
   Google Scholar
• Bonomi, G., 1967: L'evoluzione recente del Lago Maggiore rivelata dalle cospicue modificazione del macrobenton profondo. — Mem. 1st. ital. Idrobiol. 21: 197–212.
   Google Scholar
• Brett, M. T., Wiakowski, K., Lubnomw F. S., Mueller-Solger, A., Elser, J. J. & Goldman, C. R., 1994: Effects of food web compensation after manipulation of Rainbow Trout in an oligotrophic lake. — Ecology 75: 2243–2254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, J. L. & Dodson, S. I., 1965: Predation, body size and composition of plankton. — Science 150: 28–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buscemi, P. A., 1958: Littoral oxygen depletion produced by a cover of Elodea canadensis. — Oikos 9: 239–245.
   Google Scholar
• Dall, P. C. & Hamburger, K., 1996: Recruitment and growth of Dreissena polymorpha in Lake Esrom, Denmark. — 26: 27–37.
   Google Scholar
• Dall, R C., Lindegaard, C., Jónsson, E., JóNsson, G. & JóNasson, P. M., 1984: Invertebrate communities and their environment in the exposed littoral zone of Lake Esrom, Denmark. — Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 69: 477–524.
   Google Scholar
• De Bernardi, R., Giussani, G. & Grimaldi, E., 1984: Lago Maggiore. In: Taub, F. (ed.): Ecosystems of the world, 23. Elsevier: 247–266.
   Google Scholar
• De Bernardi, R., Manca, M. & Giussani, G., 1989: Zooplankton in Lago Maggiore: an overview. — Mem. 1st. ital. Idrobiol. 46: 103–123.
   Google Scholar
• Elser, J. J., Luecke, C., Brett, M. T. & Goldman, C. R., 1995: Effects of food web compensation after manipulation of Rainbow Trout in an oligotrophic lake. — Ecology 76: 52–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman, C. R., 1988: Primary productivity, nutrients, and transparency during the early onset of eutrophication in ultra-oligotrophic Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada. — Limnol. Oceanogr. 33: 1321–1333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman, C. R., 1993: Failures, successes and problems in controlling eutrophication. — Mem. 1st. ital. Idrobiol. 52: 79–87.
   Google Scholar
• Hamburger, K. & Dall, P. C., 1990: The respiration of common benthic invertebrate species from the shallow littoral zone of Lake Esrom, Denmark. — Hydrobiologia 199: 117–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamburger, K., Dall, P. C. & Jónasson, P. M., 1990: The role of Dreissena polymorpha Pallas (Mollusca) in Lake Esrom energy budget. — Verh. Internat. Ver. Limnol. 24: 621–625.
   Google Scholar
• Hamburger, K., Dall, P. & Lindegaard, C., 1994: Energy metabolism of Chironomus anthracinus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the profundal zone of Lake Esrom, Denmark, as a function of body size, temperature and oxygen concentration. — Hydrobiol. 294: 43–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamburger, K., Dall, P. & Lindegaard, C., 1995: Effects of oxygen deficiency on survival and glycogen content of Chironomus anthracinus (Diptera, Chironomidae) under laboratory and field conditions. — Hydrobiol. 297: 187–200.
   Google Scholar
• Hamburger, K., Lindegaard, C. & Dall, P. C., 1996: The role of glycogen during the ontogenesis of Chironomus anthracinus (Chironomidae, Diptera). — Hydrobiol. 318: 51–59.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen, K., 1968: En boring i Esrom sø. — Medd. Dansk Geol. Foren. 18: 244–246.
   Google Scholar
• Hargrave, B. T. & Kamp-Nielsen, L., 1977: Accumulation of sedimentary organic matter at the base of steep bottom gradients. — In: Golterman, H. L. (ed.): Interactions between sediments and fresh water, Junk, Haag: 168–173.
   Google Scholar
• Holopainen, I. J., 1987: Seasonal variation of survival time in anoxic water and the glycogen content of Sphaerium corneum and Pisidium amnicum (bivalvia, Pisidiidae). — Am. Malacol. Bull. 5: 41–48.
   Google Scholar
• Holopainen, I. J. & Jónasson, P. M., 1983: Longterm population dynamics and production of Pisidium (Bivalvia) in the profundal of Lake Esrom, Denmark. — Oikos 41: 99–117.
   Google Scholar
• Holopainen, I. J. & Jónasson, P. M., 1989 a: Bathymetric distribution and abundance of Pisidium (Bivalvia, Sphaeriidae) in Lake Esrom from 1954 to 1988. — Oikos 55: 324–334.
   Google Scholar
• Holopainen, I. J. & Jónasson, P. M., 1989 b: Reproduction of Pisidium (Bivalvia, Sphaeriidae) at different depths in Lake Esrom, Denmark. — Arch. Hydrobiol. 116: 85–95.
   Google Scholar
• Hovedstadsrådet, 1988: Esrum Sø 1900–1988. — Rep. No. 40: 1–139.
   Google Scholar
• Hunding, C., 1971: Production of benthic microal- gae in the littoral zone of a eutrophic lake. — Oikos 22: 389–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M., 1955: The efficiency of sieving techniques for sampling freshwater bottom fauna. — Oikos 6: 183–208.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M., 1964: The relationship between primary production and profundal bottom invertebrates in a Danish eutrophic lake. — Verb. Int. Verein. Limnol. 15: 471–479.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M., 1965: Factors determining population size of Chironomus antbracinus in Lake Esrom. — Mitt. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 13: 139–162.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M., 1972: Ecology and production of the profundal benthos in relation to phytoplankton in Lake Esrom. — Oikos Suppl. 14: 1–148.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M., 1978: Zoobenthos of lakes. Edgardo Baldi memorial lecture. — Verb. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 20: 13–37.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M., 1984 a: Oxygen demand and long term changes of profundal zoobenthos. — Hydrobiol. 115: 121–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M., 1984 b: Decline of zoobenthos through five decades of eutrophication in Lake Esrom. — Verb. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 22: 800–804.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M., 1992: The ecosystem of Thingvallavatn: a synthesis. — Oikos 64: 405–434.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M., 1993: Lakes as a basic resource for development: the role of limnology. — Mem. 1st. ital. Idrobiol. 52: 9–26.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, E M. & Adalsteinsson, H., 1979: Phytoplankton production in shallow Lake Myvatn, Iceland. — Oikos 32: 113–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M., Adalsteinsson, H. & Jónsson, G. St., 1992: Production and nutrient supply of phytoplankton in subarctic, dimictic Thingvallavatn, Iceland. — Oikos 64: 162–187.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M. & Kristiansen, J., 1967: Primary production in Lake Esrom. Growth of Chironomus anthracinus in relation to seasonal cycles of phytoplankton and dissolved oxygen. — Internat. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol. 52: 163–217.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M., Lastein, E. & Rebsdorf, A., 1974: Production, insolation, and nutrient budget of eutrophic Lake Esrom. — Oikos 25: 255–277.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M. Lindegaard, C. & Hamburger, K., 1990: Energy budget of Lake Esrom, Denmark. — Verb. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 24: 632–640.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M. & Thorhauge, F., 1972: Life cycle of Potamothrix hammoniensis (Tubificidae) in the profundal of a eutrophic lake. — Oikos 3: 151–158.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M. & Thorhauge, F., 1976 a: Population dynamics of Potamothrix hammoniensis in the profundal of Lake Esrom, with special reference to environmental and competitive factors. — Oikos 27: 193–203.
   Google Scholar
• Jónasson, P. M. & Thorhauge, F., 1976 b: Production of Potamothrix hammoniensis in the profundal of eutrophic Lake Esrom. — Oikos 27: 204–209.
   Google Scholar
• Jónsson, G. St., 1992: Photosynthesis and production of epilithic algal communities in Thingvallavatn. — Oikos 64: 222–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jørgensen, J., 1970: En kvantitativ undersøgelse af zooplanktonet i Esrom Sø med særlig henblik på Rotatoria. (A quantitative investigation of zooplankton in Lake Esrom with special reference to Rotatoria). — MS. thesis, Copenhagen University, 22 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Kairesalo, T., Jónsson, G. St, Gunnarsson, K., Lindegaard, C. & Jónasson, P. M., 1992: Metabolism and community dynamics within Nitella opaca (Charophyceae) beds in Thingvallavatn. — Oikos 64: 241–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kajak, Z. & Warda, J., 1968: Feeding of benthic non-predatory Chironomidae in lakes. — Ann. Zool. Fenn. 5: 57–64.
   Google Scholar
• Kamp-Nielsen, L., 1977: Horizontal and temporal variation in sedimentation and sediment composition in Lake Esrom. — 5. Sed. symp., Salten Skov: 1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Kristiansen, J., 1995: Silica scaled chrysophytes from Lake Thingvallavatn, Iceland. — Algol. Studies: 79: 67–76.
   Google Scholar
• Lampert, W., 1984: The measurements of respiration. — In: Downing, J. A. & Rigler, F. (eds.): A manual on methods for the assessment of secondary productivity in fresh waters, Blackwell Sci., Oxford: 413–468.
   Google Scholar
• Lastein, E., 1976: Recent sedimentation and resuspension of organic matter in eutrophic Lake Esrom, Denmark. — Oikos 27: 44–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lastein, E., 1983: Decomposition and sedimentation processes in oligotrophic, subarctic Lake Thingvallavatn, Iceland. — Oikos 40: 103–112.
   Google Scholar
• Lindegaard, C., Dall, P. C. & Hansen, S. B., 1992: Natural and imposed variability in the profundal fauna of Lake Esrom, Denmark. — Verb. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 25: 576–582.
   Google Scholar
• Lopez, G. R. & Holopainen, I. J., 1987: Interstitial suspension-feeding by Pisidium spp. (Pisidiidae: Bivalvia): A new guild in the lentie benthos? — Am. Malacol. Bull. 5: 21–30.
   Google Scholar
• Lumbye, J., 1958: The oxygen consumption of Theodoxus fluviatilis (L.) and Potamopyrgus jensinki (Smith) in brackish and fresh water. — Hydrobiol. 10: 245–262.
   Google Scholar
• Lund, J. W G., 1950: Studies on Asterionella formosa Hass. II. Nutrient depletion and the spring maximum. — J. Ecol. 38: 1–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund, J. W G., 1964: Primary production and periodicity of phytoplankton (Edgardo Baldi Memorial Lecture). — Verb. int. Ver. Limnol. 15: 37–56.
   Google Scholar
• Lund, J. W. G., Mackereth, F. J. H. & Mortimer, C. H. 1963: Changes in depth and time of certain chemical and physical conditions of the standing crop of Asterionella formosa Hass. in the North Basin of Windermere in 1947. — R. Soc. London. Phil. Trans. Ser. B. No. 731, 246: 255–290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmquist, H. J., 1992: Phenotype-specific feeding behaviour of two arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus morphs. — Oecol. 92: 354–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmquist, H. J., Snorrason, S. S., Skúlason, S., Jonsson B., Sandlund, O. T. & Jónasson, P. M., 1992 b: Diet differentiation in polymorphic arctic charr in Thingvallavatn, Iceland. — J. Anim. Ecol. 61: 21–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manca, M., Calderoni, A. & Mosello, R., 1992: Limnological research in Lago Maggiore: studies on hydrochemistry and plankton. — Mem. 1st. ital. Idrobiol. 50: 171–201.
   Google Scholar
• Mann, K. H., 1961: The oxygen requirements of leeches considered in relation to their habitats. — Verb. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 14: 1009–1013.
   Google Scholar
• Mann, K. H., 1962: Leeches (Hirudinea). Their structure, physiology, ecology and embryology. — Pergamon Press, Oxford: 1–201.
   Google Scholar
• Mortimer, C. H., 1952: Water movements in lakes during summer stratification; evidence from the distribution of temperature in Windermere. — Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B. Biol. Sci. (635): 355–404.
   Google Scholar
• Mortimer, C. H., 1954: Models of flow-patterns in lakes. — Weather 9: 177–184.
   Google Scholar
• Mortimer, C. H., 1961: Motion in thermoclines. — Verb. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 14: 79–83.
   Google Scholar
• Mortimer, C. H., 1974: Lake hydrodynamics. — Mitt. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 20: 124–197.
   Google Scholar
• Morton, B. S., 1969: Studies on the biology of Dreissena polymorpha Pall. — Proc. malac. Soc. Lond. 38: 471–482.
   Google Scholar
• Nilson, I. B., 1995: Potamothrix hammoniensis (Tubificidae, Oligochaeta) i Esrum Sø. Undersøgelse af energiproduktion og overlevelse under mi croxia. (P. hammomensis in L. Esrom. An investigation of energy production and survival under microxic conditions). — MS. thesis, Copenhagen University. 71 + 38 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Ohle, W. 1960: Fernsehen, Photographie und Schallortung der Sedimentoberfläche in Seen. — Arch. Hydrobiol. 57: 135–160.
   Google Scholar
• Ólafsson, J., 1979: The chemistry of Lake Myvatn and River Laxá. — Oikos 32: 82–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ólafsson, J., 1992: Chemical characteristics and trace elements of Thingvallavatn. Oikos 64: 151–161.
   Google Scholar
• Olsen, H. S., 1972: Population dynamics of Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) in relation to environmental factors in Lake Esrom. — MS. Thesis (Damsh). Copenhagen Univ., 50 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Overbeck, J., 1974: Microbiology and biochemistry. — Mitt. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 20: 198–228.
   Google Scholar
• Overbeck, J., 1993: Saprophytic and oligotrophic bacteria in Plussee. In: Overbeck, J. & Chrost, R. J. (eds.): Microbial ecology of Lake Plussee, Springer: 175–191.
   Google Scholar
• Riemann B. & Mathiesen, H., 1977: Danish research into phytoplankton primary production. — Fol. Limnol. Scand. 17: 49–54.
   Google Scholar
• Sand-Jensen, K., 1989: Environmental variables and their effect on photosynthesis of aquatic plant communities. — Aq. Bot. 34: 5–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandlund, O. T., Gunnarsson, K., Jónasson, E M., Jonsson, B., Lindem, T., Magnússon, K. E, Malmqiust, H. J., Sigurjónsdóttir, H., Skúlason, S. & Snorrason, S. S., 1992: The artic charr Salvelinus alpinus in Thingvallavatn. — Oikos 64: 305–351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schindler, D. W, 1988: Experimental studies of chemical stressors on whole lake ecosystems. Edgardo Baldi Memorial Lecture. — Verb. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 23: 11–41.
   Google Scholar
• Snorrason, S. S., Jónasson, P. M., Jonsson, B., Lindem, T., Malmquist, H. J., Sandlund, O. T. & Skulason, S., 1992 a: population dynamics of the planktivorous arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (“murta”) in Thingvallavatn, Iceland. — Oikos 64: 352–364.
   Google Scholar
• Snorrason, S., S., Sandlund, O. T. & Jonsson, B., 1992 b: Production of fish stocks in Thingvallavatn, Iceland.? Oikos 64: 371–380.
   Google Scholar
• Steemann Nielsen, E., 1952: The use of radioactive carbon (C14) for measuring organic production in the sea. — J. du Cons. 18: 117–140.
   Google Scholar
• Thienemann, A., 1928: Der Sauerstoff im eutrophen und oligotrophen See. Ein Beitrag zur Seetypenlehre. — Die Binnengewässer 4: 1–174.
   Google Scholar
• Tonolli, V., 1962: L'attuale situazione del popolamento planctonico del Lago Maggiore. — Mem. 1st. ital. Idrobiol. 15: 81–133.
   Google Scholar
• Walshe, B. M., 1950: The function of haemoglobin in Chironomus plumosus under natural conditions. — J. exp. Biol. 27: 73–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetzel, R. G., Rich, E H., Miller, M. C. & Allen, H. L., 1972: Metabolism of dissolved and particulate detrital carbon in a temperate hard- water lake. — Mem. 1st. ital. Idrobiol. 29: 185243.
   Google Scholar
• Whiteside, M. C., 1970: Danish chydorid Cladocera: Modern ecology and core studies. — Ecol. Monogr. 40: 79–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar