Above-ground biomass and productivity of the vegetation in coastal wet meadows bordering Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron)

References

• Albert, D. A., Reese, G., Crispin, S. R., Penskar, M. R., Wilsmann, L. A. & Ouniga, S. J., 1988: A survey of Great Lakes marshes in the southern half of Michigan's lower peninsula. — Michigan Natural Features Inventory. — Lansing, MI, 116 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Auclair, A. N, Bouchard, A. & Pajaczkowski, J., 1973: Plant composition and species relations on the Huntingdon Marsh, Quebec. — Can. J. Bot. 51: 1231–1247.
   Google Scholar
• Barko, J. W, Murphy, P. G. & Wetzel, R. G., 1977: An investigation of primary production and ecosystem metabolism in a Lake Michigan dune pond. — Arch. Hydrobiol. 81(2): 155–187.
   Google Scholar
• Batterson, T. R., McNabb, C. D. & Payne, F. C., 1991: Influence of water level changes on distribution of primary producers in emergent wetlands of Saginaw Bay. — Michigan Academician 23: 149–160.
   Google Scholar
• Bernard, J. M., 1974: Seasonal changes in standing crop and primary production in a sedge wetland and an adjacent dry old-field in central Minnesota. — Ecology 55: 350–359.
   Google Scholar
• Bernard, J. M. & Gorham, E., 1978: Life history aspects of primary production in sedge wetlands. — In: Good, R. E., Whigham, D. F. & Simpson, R. L. (eds): Freshwater Wetlands: Ecological processes and management potential: 39–51. Academic Press, New York, NY, 378 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Blair, J. M., 1997: Fire, N availability, and plant response in grasslands: A test of the transient maxima hypothesis. — Ecology 78(8): 2359–2368.
   Google Scholar
• Briggs, J. M. & Knapp, A. K., 1995: Interannual variability in primary production in tallgrass prairie: Climate, soil moisture, topographic position and fire as determinants of aboveground biomass. — Am. J. Bot 82 (8): 1024–1030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinson, M. M., Lugo, A. E. & Brown, S., 1981: Primary productivity, decomposition and consumer activity in freshwater wetlands. — Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 12: 123–161.
   Google Scholar
• Burton, T. M., 1985: The effects of water level fluctuations on Great Lakes coastal marshes. — In: Prince, H. H. & D'itrl, F. M., (eds): Coastal Wetlands: 3–13. — Lewis Publishing, Inc, Chelsea, MI, 286 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, S. R. & Lodge, D. M., 1986: Effects of submerged macrophytes on ecosystem processes. — Aquat. Bot. 26: 341–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costello, D. F., 1936: Tussock meadows in southeastern Wisconsin. — Bot. Gazette 97: 610–649.
   Google Scholar
• Crawley, M. J., 1983: Herbivory. — University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 437 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Curtis, J. T., 1959: The Vegetation of Wisconsin: An ordination of plant communities. — University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI, 657 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Cyr, H. & Pace, M. L., 1993: Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. — Nature 361: 148–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, C. A., 1900: Chapter 9 — Botanical Notes. — In: Lane, A. C., (ed.): Geological Report on Huron County, Michigan: 234–245. — Michigan Geological Survey, Vol 7, Nr. 2. — Robert Smith Printing Co., State Printers. Lansing, MI.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, C. B. & Van Der Valk, A. G., 1978: Litter decomposition in prairie glacial marshes. — In: Good, R. E., Whigham, D. F. & Simpson, R. L. (eds): Freshwater Wetlands: Ecological processes and management potential: 99–113. Academic Press, New York, NY, 378 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Dorr, J. A., Jr. & Eschman, D. F., 1970: Geology of Michigan. — The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, 476 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Ernst, W. H. O., 1990: Ecophysiology of plants in waterlogged and flooded environments. — Aquat. Bot. 38: 73–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonda, R. W. & Buss, L. C., 1966: Annual carbohydrate cycle of alpine plants on Mt. Washington. — Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 93: 268–277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• France, R. L., 1995: Stable isotopic survey of the roll of macrophytes in the carbon flow of aquatic foodwebs. — Vegetatio 124: 67–72.
   Google Scholar
• Godshalk, G. L. & Wetzel, R. G., 1978: Decomposition in the littoral zone of lakes. — In: Good, R. E. Whigham, D. F. & Simpson, R. L. (eds): Freshwater Wetlands: Ecological processes and management potential: 131–143. — Academic Press, New York, NY, 378 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Gorham, E. & Somers, M. G. 1973: Seasonal changes in the standing crop of two montane sedges. — Can. J. Bot. 51: 1097–1108.
   Google Scholar
• Harcombe, P. A., Cameron, G. N. & Glumac, E. G., 1993: Above-ground net primary productivity in adjacent grassland and woodland on the coastal prairie of Texas, USA. — J. Veg. Sci. 4: 521–530.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, H. J., Fewless, G., Milligan, M. & Johnson, W., 1981: Recovery process and habitat quality in a freshwater coastal marsh following a natural disturbance. — In: Selected Proceedings of the Midwest Conference on Wetland Values and Management 363–579. — Freshwater Society. Navarre, MN. 660 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, T. T., Williges, K. A. & Zimba, P. V., 1995: Primary productivity and decomposition of five emergent macrophyte communities in the Lake Okeechobee marsh ecosystem. — Arch. Hydrobiol. Advanc. Limnol. (Special issue: Ecological studies of Lake Okeechobee, FL, USA) 45: 63–78.
   Google Scholar
• Hwang, Y. H., Fan, C. W. & Yin, M. H. 1996: Primary production and chemical composition of emergent aquatic macrophytes, Schoenoplectus mucronatus spp. robustus and Sparganium fallax, in Lake Yuan-Yang, Taiwan. — Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 37(4): 265–273.
   Google Scholar
• Jaworski, E. & Raphael, C. N., 1978: Fish, Wildlife, and Recreational Values of Michigan's Coastal Wetlands. — Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, MI, 98 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Jaworski, E., Raphael, C. N., Mansfield, P. J. & Williamson, B. B., 1979: Impact of Great Lakes water level fluctuations on coastal wetlands. — USDI Office of Water Resources Technology Contract Report 14-0001-7163, 351 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Keddy, P. A., 1989: Effects of competition from shrubs on herbaceous wetland plants: a 4-year field experiment. — Can. J. Bot. 67: 708–716.
   Google Scholar
• Keddy, P. A. & Reznigek, A. A., 1986: Great lakes vegetation dynamics: the roll of fluctuating water levels and buried seeds. — J. Great Lakes Res. 12(1): 25–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley, J. C., 1985: The role of emergent macrophytes to nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in a Great Lakes marsh. — Ph.D. dissertation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
   Google Scholar
• Kelley, J. C., Burton, T. M. & Enslin, W. R., 1985: The effects of natural water level fluctuations on N and P cycling in a Great Lakes marsh. — Wetlands 4: 159–175.
   Google Scholar
• Keough, J. R., 1990: The range of water level changes in A Lake Michigan estuary and effects on wetland communities. — In: Kusler J. & Smardon, R. (eds): Wetlands of the Great Lakes: Protection and Restoration Policies: status of the science. 97–110. — Association of State Wetland Managers, Inc. Berne, NY, 335 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Klopatek, J. M. & F. W. Stearns, 1978: Primary productivity of emergent macrophytes in a Wisconsin marsh. — Am. Mid. Nat. 100: 320–332.
   Google Scholar
• Kozlowski, T. T., 1984: Plant responses to flooding of soil. — Biosci. 34(3): 162–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauenroth, W. K., 1979: Grassland primary production: North American grasslands in perspective. — In: French, N. R. (ed.): Perspectives in Grassland Ecology. 3–24. — Springer-Verlag. New York, NY, 204 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Lodge, D. M., 1991: Herbivory on freshwater macrophytes. — Aquat. Bot. 41: 195–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MNFI, 1989: Draft Descriptions of Michigan Natural Community Types. — Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Michigan Department of Natural Resource, Lansing, MI, 34 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Mooney, H. A. & Billings, W. D., 1960: The annual carbohydrate cycle of alpine plants as related to growth. — Am. J. Bot. 47: 594–598.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niering, W. A., 1985: Wetlands. — National Audubon Society Nature Series, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York, NY, 638 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Prince, H. H. & Burton, T. M., 1995: Wetknd restoration in the coastal zone of Saginaw Bay. Final report. — Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, MI, 76 pp., plus appendices.
   Google Scholar
• Pucheta, E., Cabido, M., Diaz, S. & Funes, G., 1998: Floristic composition, biomass, and above-ground net plant production in grazed and protected sites in a mountain grassland of central Argentina. — Acta Oecol. 19(2): 97–105.
   Google Scholar
• Richardson, C. J., 1978: Primary productivity values in freshwater wetlands. — In: Greeson, P. E., Clark, J. R. & Clark, J. E. (eds): Wetland Functions and Values: the State of our Understanding. 131–145. — Technical publication number TPS79–2, American Water Resources Association, Minneapolis, MN, 674 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Saxena, A. K., Rana, B. S., Rao, O. P. & Singh, B. P., 1996: Seasonal variation in biomass and primary productivity of para grass (Brachiaria mutica) under a mixed tree stand and in an adjacent open area in northern India. — Agrofor. Syst. 33: 75–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SBNWI, 1998: Saginaw Bay Watershed [Online]: Saginaw Bay National Watershed Initiative Communication Fact Sheet. — University Center, Michigan: Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN). URL: http://epaww.ciesin.org/glreis/nonpo/nprog/sag_bay/sbwis/sbwi-05c-ws.html. March 10, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Stout, A. B., 1914: A biological and statistical analysis of the vegetation of a typical wild hay meadow. — Trans. WI Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 17: 405–469.
   Google Scholar
• Szumigalski, A. R. & Bayley, S. E., 1996: Net above-ground primary production along a bog-rich fen gradient in central Alberta, Canada. — Wetlands 16(4): 467–476.
   Google Scholar
• Tilton, D. L., Kadlac, R. H. & Schwegler, B. R., 1978: Characteristics and Benefits of Michigan's Coastal Wetlands. — Land and Water Management Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, MI, 104 pp.
   Google Scholar
• USGS, 1996: Water Supply Paper 2425 — National Water Summary of Wetland Resources. — US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 431 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Van Der Valk, A. G. & Davis, C. B., 1978: Primary production of prairie glacial marshes. — In: Good, R. E., Whigham, D. F. & Simpson, R. L. (eds): Freshwater Wetlands: Ecological processes and management potential: 21–37. — Academic Press, New York, NY, 378 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Wetzel, R. G., 1983: Limnology, 2nd ed. — W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, 767 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler, B. D. & Shaw, S. C. 1991: Above-ground crop mass and species richness of the principal types of herbaceous rich-fen vegetation of lowland England and Wales. — J. Ecol. 79: 285–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcox, D. A., 1995: The role of wetlands as nearshore habitat in Lake Huron. — In: Munawar, M., Edsall, T. & Leach, J. (eds): The Lake Huron Ecosystem: Ecology, Fisheries and Management: 223–245. Ecovision World Monograph Series, SBP Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 503 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Willms, W. D., Adams, B. W. & Dormaar, J. F., 1996: Seasonal changes of herbage biomass on the fescue prairie. — J. Range Manage. 49: 100–104.
   Google Scholar