BARCHAN DUNES ON THE KUISEB RIVER DELTA, NAMIBIA

REFERENCES

• Al-Dabi , H. , Koch , M. , Al-Sarawi , M. and El-Baz , F. 1997 . Evolution of sand dune patterns in space and time in north-west Kuwait using Landsat images . Journal of Arid Environments , 36 : 15 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry , R. and Chorley , R. 1992 . Atmosphere, Weather and Climate , 267 – 274 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Bagnold , R. A. 1941 . The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes , London : Methuen .
   Google Scholar
• Braune , E. 1991 . “ Hydrology of the Lower Kuiseb River ” . In Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Namibia
   Google Scholar
• Bullard , J. E. , Thomas , D. S. G. , Livingstone , I. and Wiggs , G. F. S. 1996 . Wind energy variations in the southwestern Kalahari desert and implications for linear dunefield activity . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , 21 : 263 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullard , J. E. , Thomas , D. S. G. , Livingstone , I. and Wiggs , G. F. S. 1997 . Dunefield activity and interactions with climatic variability in the southwest Kalahari desert . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , 22 : 165 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke , M. L. and Rendell , H. M. 1998 . Climate change impacts on sand supply and the formation of desert sand dunes in the southwest U.S.A. . Journal of Arid Environments , 39 : 517 – 531 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cock , G. , Lubke , R. and Wilken , M. 1991 . Dune movement in the Kwaaihoek region of the Eastern Cape, South Africa, and its bearing on future development of the region . Journal of Coastal Research , 8 ( 1 ) : 210 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Embabi , N. 1987 . Dune movement in the Kharga and Dakhla Oases Depressions, the Western Desert, Egypt . Bulletin of the Geographical Society of Egypt , 60 : 35 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Embabi , N. and Ashour , M. 1993 . Barchan dunes in Qatar . Journal of Arid Environments , 25 : 69 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endrödy-Younga , S. 1982 . Dispersion and translocation of dune specialist tenebrionids in the Namib area . Cimbebasia , 5 : 257 – 271 .
   Google Scholar
• Finkel , H. 1959 . The barchans of Southern Peru . Journal of Geology , 67 : 614 – 647 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haff , P. and Presti , D. 1995 . “ Barchan dunes of the Salton Sea Region, California ” . In 1995 Desert Aeolian Processes , Edited by: Tchakerian , P. 153 – 177 . Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Hastenrath , S. 1967 . The barchans of the Arequipa region, Southern Peru . Zeitschriftfur Geomorphologie , 11 : 300 – 331 .
   Google Scholar
• Hastenrath , S. 1987 . The barchan dunes of Southern Peru revisited . Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie , 31 : 167 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haynes , C. 1989 . Bagnold's barchan: a 57-year record of dune movement in the eastern Sahara and implications for dune origin and palaeoclimate since Neolithic times . Quaternary Research , 32 : 153 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesp , P. A. and Hastings , K. 1998 . Width, height and slope relationships and aerodynamic maintenance of barchans . Geomorphology , 22 : 193 – 204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr , R. and Nigra , J. 1952 . Eolian sand control . Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists , 36 ( 8 ) : 1541 – 1573 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , W. 1917 . Study of a dune belt . Geographical Journal , 51 : 16 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Lancaster , N. 1981 . Grain size characteristics of Namib Desert linear dunes . Sedimentology , 28 : 115 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancaster , N. 1982 . Dunes on the Skeleton Coast, Namibia: geomorphology and grain size relationships . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , 7 : 575 – 587 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancaster , N. 1983 . “ Controls of dune morphology in the Namib Sand Sea ” . In Eolian Sediments and Processes , Edited by: Brookfield , M. and Ahlbrandt , T. 261 – 289 . Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Lancaster , N. and Oilier , C. 1983 . Sources of sand for the Namib Sand Sea . Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie Supplementary Band , 45 : 71 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Lancaster , N. 1985 . Winds and sand movements in the Namib sand sea . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , 10 : 607 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancaster , N. 1995 . Geomorphology of Desert Dunes , 166 London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Lancaster , N. 1997 . Response of eolian geomorphic systems to minor climate change: examples from the southern Californian deserts . Geomorphology , 19 ( 3–4 ) : 333 – 347 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lettau , K. and Lettau , H. 1969 . Bulk transport of sand by the barchans of the Pampa de La Joya in Southern Peru . Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie , 13 : 182 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Livingstone , I. 1990 . “ Desert sand dune dynamics: Review and Prospects ” . In Namib Ecology: 25 years of Namib research, 47–53 , Edited by: Seely , M. Pretoria : Transvaal Museum . Transvaal Museum Monograph, 7
   Google Scholar
• Long , J. and Sharp , R. 1964 . “ Barchan dune movement in Imperial Valley, California ” . In Geological Society of America Bulletin , Vol. 75 , 149 – 156 . Boulder, CO , , US : Geological Society of America .
   Google Scholar
• McKee , E. 1966 . Structures of the dunes at White Sands National Monument, New Mexico . Sedimentology , 7 : 1 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Mabbutt , I. 1977 . Desert Landforms , 229 – 233 . Cambridge , Massachusetts : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mainguet , M. 1984 . “ A classification of dunes based on aeolian dynamics and the sand budget ” . In Deserts and Arid Lands Edited by: El Baz , F. 31 – 38 . Nijhoff. RSERE Series 1
   Google Scholar
• Nagtegaal , P. 1971 . Adhesion-ripple and barchan dune sands of the recent Namib (southwest Africa) and Permian Rotliegaend (northwest Europe) deserts . Madoqua, series II , Vol 2 ( Nos 63–68 ) : 5 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Nielson , J. and Kocurek , G. 1986 . Climbing zibars of the Algodones . Sedimentary Geology , 48 : 1 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris , R. 1966 . Barchan dunes of Imperial Valley, California . Journal of Geology , 74 : 290 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pye , K. and Tsoar , H. 1990 . Aeolian Sand and Sand Dunes. , 160 – 195 . Research texts in Sedimentology, Unwin Hyman .
   Google Scholar
• Rim , M. 1958 . Simulations, by dynamical model, of sand tract morphology occurring in Israel . Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel , 7G ( 2–3 ) : 123 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• Schumann , E. 1992 . Interannual wind variability on the south and east coasts of South Africa . Journal of Geophysical Research , 97 : 20,397 – 20,403 .
   Google Scholar
• Shannon , L. , Boyd , A. , Brundrit , G. and Taunton-Clark , J. 1986 . On the existence of an El Nino-type phenomenon in the Benguela System . Journal of Marine Research , 44 : 495 – 520 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shehata , W. , Bader , T. , Irtem , O. , Ali , A. , Abdallah , M. and Aftab , S. 1992 . Rate and mode of barchan dunes . Journal of Arid Environments , 23 : 1 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slattery , M. 1990 . Barchan Migration on the Kuiseb River Delta, Namibia . South African Geographical Journal , 72 : 5 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Soboil , J. 1996 . Dune Movement in the Walvis Bay Area , University of Cape Town . Unpublished thesis
   Google Scholar
• Stengel , H. 1963 . “ Protection for the town of Walvis Bay ” . In 1963 Water in South-West Africa. , Edited by: Stengel , H. 346 – 355 . Windhoek : Afrika-Verlag der Kreis .
   Google Scholar
• Stokes , S. , Thomas , D. S. G. and Washington , R. 1997 . Multiple episodes of aridity in southern Africa since the last interglacial period . Nature , 338 : 154 – 158 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stokes , S. , Goudie , A. , Ballard , J. , Gifford , C. , Samieh , S. , Embabi , N. and El-Rashidi , O. 1999 . Accurate dune displacement and morphometric data using kinematic GPS . Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie Supplement Band , 116 : 195 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , D. S. G. and Shaw , P. A. 1991 . The Kalahari Environment , 90 – 94 . Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , D. S. G. 1997 . “ Sand Seas and Aeolian Bedforms ” . In Arid Zone Geomorphology, , Second Edition , Edited by: Thomas , D. S. G. 373 – 413 . Chichester , , UK : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Tsoar , H. 1986 . “ Tvvo-Dimensional Analysis of Dune Profile and the Effect of Grain Size on Sand Dune Morphology ” . In Physics of Desertification , Edited by: El-Baz , F. and Hassan , M. 94 – 108 . Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff, Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Tyson , P. 1986 . Climate change and variability in Southern Africa , 67 – 88 . Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Walvis Bay Municipality . 1985 . Comments on the First Draft of the Policy Memorandum on the Control of Aeolian Sand at Walvis Bay , 2 – 12 . Municipality of Walvis Bay . Private Bag 5017
   Google Scholar
• Warren , A. 1970 . Dune trends and their implications in Central Sudan . Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie. Supplementary Band , 10 : 154 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Warren , A. 1971 . Dunes in the Ténéré Desert . Geographical Journal , 137 : 458 – 461 .
   Google Scholar