Developing a spatial measure of exposure to socio-economic inequality in South Africa

References

• Alexander, P. (2010). Rebellion of the poor: South Africa's service delivery protests – a preliminary analysis. Review of African Political Economy, 37, 25–40. doi:10.1080/03056241003637870.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association-lisa. Geographical Analysis, 27, 93–115. doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avenell, D., Noble, M., & Wright, G. (2009). South African datazones: A technical report about the development of a new statisitcal geography for the analysis of deprivation in South Africa at the small area level. CASASP Working Papers. Centre for the Analysis of South African Social Policy, University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Bourguignon, F. (2001). Crime as a social cost of poverty and inequality: A review focusing on developing countries. In S. Yusuf, S. Evenett, & W. Wu (Eds.), Facets of globalization: International and local dimensions of development (pp. 171–192). World Bank Discussion Paper No. 415. Washington DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Christopher, A. J. (2001). Urban segregation in post-apartheid South Africa. Urban Studies, 38, 449–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demombynes, G., & Ozler, B. (2006). Crime and local inequality in South Africa. In H. Bhorat & R. Kanbur (Eds.), Poverty and policy in post-apartheid South Africa (pp. 288–320). Cape Town: HSRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dorling, D., & Rees, P. (2003). A nation still dividing: The British census and social polarisation 1971–2001. Environment and Planning A, 35, 1287–1313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan, O. T., & Duncan, B. (1955). A methodological analysis of segregation indexes. American Sociological Review, 20, 210–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan, K. L., Anderton, D. L., & Weber, E. (1988). Relative spatial concentration among minorities: addressing errors in measurement. Social Forces, 76, 1115–1121.
   Google Scholar
• Gasparini, L., Cruces, G., Tornarolli, L., & Marchionni, M. (2008). A turning point? Recent developments on inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean (pp. 288–320). Working Paper No. 81. La Plata: CEDLAS.
   Google Scholar
• Gasparini, L., & Lustig, N. (2011). The rise and fall of income inequality in Latin America. Working Paper No. 118. La Plata: CEDLAS.
   Google Scholar
• Hoover, E. M. J. (1941). Interstate redistribution of population, 1850–1940. The Journal of Economic History, 1, 199–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, D. R., & Taueber, K. E. (1985). Measures of segregation. Sociological Methodology, 15, 1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, R. J., & Pattie, C. (2011). Social networks, geography and neighbourhood effects. In J. Scott & P. Carrington (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of social network analysis (pp. 301–311). Los Angeles: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2010). Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) Project. http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home.
   Google Scholar
• Kingdon, G., & Knight, J. (2007). Community, comparisons and subjective wellbeing in a divided society. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 64, 69–90. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2007.03.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibbrandt, M., Woolard, I., Finn, A., & Argent, J. (2010). Trends in South African income distribution and poverty since the fall of apartheid. Employment and Migration Working Papers No 101. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Leigh, A., Jencks, C., & Smeeding, T. (2009). Health and economic inequality. In W. Salverda, B. Nolan, & T. Smeeding (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of economic inequality. Oxford: Oxford University.
   Google Scholar
• Lichter, D. T., Parisi, D., & Taquino, M. C. (2012). The geography of exclusion: Race, segregation, and concentrated poverty. Social Problems, 59, 364–388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberson, S. (1981). An asymmetrical approach to segregation. In C. Peach, V. Robinson, & S. Smith (Eds.), Ethnic segregation in cities (pp. 61–82). London: Croom Helm.
   Google Scholar
• Lieberson, S., & Carter, D. K. (1982). Temporal changes and urban differences in residential segregation: A reconsideration. American Journal of Sociology, 88, 296–310. doi:10.1086/227672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd, C. D. (2010). Exploring population spatial concentrations in Northern Ireland by community background and other characteristics: An application of geographically weighted spatial statistics. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 24, 1193–1221. doi:10.1080/13658810903321321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd, C. D., & Shuttleworth, I. (2012). Residential segregation in Northern Ireland in 2001: Assessing the value of exploring spatial variations. Environment and Planning A, 44, 52–67. doi:10.1068/a44167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logan, J. R., & Stults, B. J. (2011). The Persistence of Segregation in the Metropolis: New Findings from the 2010 Census. Census Brief prepared for Project US2010.
   Google Scholar
• Lustig, L., Lopez-Calva, L. F., & Ortiz-Juarez, E. (2012). Declining inequality in Latin America in the 2000s: The cases of Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. Working Paper No. 307. Washington, DC: Centre for Global Development.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, J., Smith, G.D., Hillemeier, M., Shaw, M., Raghunathan, T., & Kaplan, G. (2001). Income inequality, the psychosocial environment, and health: Comparisons of wealthy nations. Lancet, 358, 194–200. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05407-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. A. (1988). The dimensions of residential segregation. Social Forces, 67, 281–315. doi:10.1093/sf/67.2.281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey, D. S., & Denton, N. A. (1989). Hypersegregation in U.S. metropolitan areas: Black and Hispanic segregation along five dimensions. Demography, 26, 373–391. doi:10.2307/2061599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey, D. S., & Eggers, M. L. (1993). The spatial concentration of affluence and poverty during the 1970s. Urban Affairs Review, 29, 299–315. doi:10.1177/004208169302900206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey, D. S., & Fischer, M. J. (2000). How segregation concentrates poverty. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 23, 670–691. doi:10.1080/01419870050033676.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey, D. S., & Fischer, M. J. (2003). The geography of inequality in the United States, 1950–2000 (pp. 1–40). Washington, DC: Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs.
   Google Scholar
• Massey, D. S., White, M. J., & Phua, V. C. (1996). The dimensions of segregation revisited. Sociological Methods and Research, 25, 172–206. doi:10.1177/0049124196025002002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey, D. S., Rothwell, J., & Domina, T. (2009). The changing bases of segregation in the United States. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 626, 74–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, B. S. (1983). An alternate approach to the development of a distance-based measure of racial segregation. American Journal of Sociology, 88, 1237–1249. doi:10.1086/227802.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noble, M., Barnes, H., Wright, G., McLennan, D., Avenell, D., Whitworth, A., & Roberts, B. (2009). The South African index of multiple deprivation 2001 at datazone level. Pretoria: Department of Social Development.
   Google Scholar
• Noble, M., & Wright, G. (2013). Using indicators of multiple deprivation to demonstrate the spatial legacy of apartheid in South Africa. Social Indicators Research, 112, 187–201. doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0047-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posel, D. R., & Casale, D. M. (2011). Relative standing and subjective well-being in South Africa: The role of perceptions, expectations and income mobility. Social Indicators Research, 104, 195–223. doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9740-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reardon, S. F., & O'Sullivan, D. (2004). Measures of spatial segregation. Sociological Methodology, 34, 121–162. doi:10.1111/j.0081-1750.2004.00150.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson, R. J. (2006). How does community context matter? Social mechanisms and the explanation of crime rates. In P. O. Wikstrom & R. J. Sampson (Eds.), The explanation of crime: Context, mechanisms and development (pp. 31–60). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sampson, R. J., & Wilson, W. J. (1995). Toward a theory of race, crime, and urban inequality. In J. Hagan & R. D. Peterson (Eds.), Crime and inequality (pp. 37–56). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schnell, I., & Yoav, B. (2001). The sociospatial isolation of agents in everyday life spaces as an aspect of segregation. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 91, 622–636. doi:10.1111/0004-5608.00262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa. (2004). Census 2001 metadata: Geography hierarchy and attributes. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• UNDP. (2013). The rise of the South: Human progress in a diverse world. Human Development Report 2013. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
   Google Scholar
• UNODC. (2011). Global study on homicide: Trends, contexts, data. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
   Google Scholar
• White, M. J. (1983). The measurement of spatial segregation. American Journal of Sociology, 88, 1008–1018. doi:10.1086/227768.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wikstrom, P -O. H. (2004). Crime as alternative: Towards a cross-level situational action theory of crime causation. In J. McCord (Ed.), Beyond empiricism: Institutions and intentions in the study of crime (pp. 1–37). New Brunswick, NY: Transaction.
   Google Scholar
• Wikstrom, P -O. H. (2006a). Individuals, settings, and acts of crime: Situational mechanisms and the explanation of crime. In The explanation of crime: Context, mechanisms and development (pp. 61–107). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wikstrom, P -O. H. (2006b). Situational action theory. In F. T. Cullen & P. Wilcox (Eds.), Encyclopaedia of criminological theory. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Wikstrom, P -O. H., & Treiber, K. H. (2009). Violence as situational action. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 3, 41–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, R., & Pickett, K. (2010). The spirit level: Why equality is better for everyone. London: Penguin Group.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, D. W. S. (2002). Modeling local segregation: a spatial interaction approach. Geographical & Environmental Modelling, 6, 81–97. doi:10.1080/13615930220127305.
   Google Scholar