Spatial and Attitudinal Gradients of Climate in the Cairngorms — Observations from Climatological and Automatic Weather Stations

References

• Baird , P.D. 1957 . Weather and snow in Ben Macdui . Cairngorm Club Journal , 17 : 147 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Baird , P.D. and Lewis , W.V. 1957 . The Cairngorm Floods 1956 . Scottish Geographical Magazine , 73 : 91 – 100 .
   Google Scholar
• Ballentyne , C.K. 1983 . Precipitation gradients in Wester Ross, north west Scotland . Weather , 38 : 379 – 387 .
   Google Scholar
• Barry , R.G. 1992 . Mountain Weather and Climate , London : Routledge . 402 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Barry , R.G. 1994 . “ Past and potential future changes in mountain environments ” . In Mountain Envrironments in Changing Climates , Edited by: Beniston , M. 3 – 33 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Barton , J.S. 1984 . Observing mountain weather using an automatic station . Weather , 39 : 140 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Barton , J.S. 1987 . Weather observations on Cairngorm summits 1979-86 . Meteorological Magazine , 116 : 346 – 353 .
   Google Scholar
• Barton , J.S. 1992 . Cairngorm gusts do matter . Weather , 47 : 26 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Barton , J.S. and Borthwick , A.S. 1982 . August weather on a mountain summit . Weather , 47 : 228 – 240 .
   Google Scholar
• Bleasdale , A. and Chan , Y.K. 1972 . “ Orographic influences on the distribution of precipitation ” . In Distribution of Precipitation in Mountainous Areas , 322 – 333 . Geneva : WMO . Symposium, Geilo, Norway
   Google Scholar
• Champion , D.L. 1950 . Ablation in the Scottish Highlands . Meterological Magazine , 79 : 292 – 295 .
   Google Scholar
• Curran , J.C. , Curran , J.C. , Peckham , G.E. , Smith , D. , Thom , A.S. , McCulloch , J.S.G. and Strangeways , I.E. 1977 . Cairngorm automatic weather station . Weather , 32 : 61 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Davison , R.W. 1985 . The Measurement of the Natural Potential of Sites in the Eastern Highlands of Scotland for Downhill Skiing , University of Edinburgh . Unpublished Ph.D. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Davison , R.W. 1987 . The supply of snow in the eastern Highlands of Scotland: 1954-55 to 1983-84 . Weather , 42 : 42 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Dybeck , M.W. and Green , F.H.W. 1955 . The Cairngorms Weather Survey 1953 . Weather , 10 : 41 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson , R.I. 1984 . Magnitude and modelling of snowmelt runoff in the Cairngorm mountains, Scotland . Hydrological Sciences Journal , 29 : 49 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace , J. , Allen , S.J. and Wilson , C. 1989 . Climate and the meristem temperatures of plant communities near the tree-line . Oecologia , 79 : 198 – 204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace , J and Unsworth , M.H. 1988 . “ Climate and microclimate of the uplands ” . In Ecological Change in the Uplands , Edited by: Usher , M.B. and Thompson , D.B.A. 137 – 150 . Oxford : Blackwell . Special Publication Number 7 of the British Ecological Society.
   Google Scholar
• Green , F.H.W. 1955 . Climatological work in the Nature Conservancy . Weather , 10 : 233 – 236 .
   Google Scholar
• Green , F.H.W. 1967 . Air humidity on Ben Nevis . Weather , 22 : 174 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Green , F.H.W. 1968 . Persistent snowbeds in the western Cairngorms . Weather , 23 : 206 – 209 .
   Google Scholar
• Green , F.H.W. 1970 . Seasonal changes of snow cover in the Cairngorms . Weather , 25 : 211 – 213 .
   Google Scholar
• Green , F.H.W. 1973 . Changing incidence of snow in the Scottish Highlands . Weather , 28 : 386 – 394 .
   Google Scholar
• Green , F.H.W. 1975 . The transient snow-line in the Scottish Highlands . Weather , 30 : 226 – 235 .
   Google Scholar
• Hadley Centre . 1992 . The Hadley Centre Transient Climate Change Experiment , Bracknell : Hadley Centre . 20 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Harding , R.J. 1978 . The variation of the altitudinal gradient of temperature within the British Isles . Geografiska Annaler , 60A : 43 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Harding , R.J. 1979 . Radiation in the British uplands . Journal of Applied Ecology , 16 : 161 – 170 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson-Sellers , A. and Robinson , P.J. 1986 . Contemporary Climatology , London : Longman . 439 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , M.C. 1978 . Snow cover in Great Britain . Weather , 33 : 298 – 308 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , R.C. and Simpson , T.K.M. 1991 . The automatic weather station network in the Balquhidder catchments, Scotland . Weather , 46 : 47 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , R.J.A. , Tinsley , J. and Court , M.N. 1979 . Mesoclimatic studies in the Upper Dan Basin, Aberdeenshire . Meteorological Magazine , 108 : 289 – 308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClatchey , J. 1992 . The use of climatological observations as ground truth for distributions of minimum temperature derived from AVHRR data . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 13 : 155 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClatchey , J. 1993 . “ Wind profiles above an ablating snowpatch ” . In Turbulence: Perspectives on Flow and Sediment Transport , Edited by: Clifford , N.J. , French , J.R. and Hardisty , J. 337 – 350 . Chichester : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• McClatchey , J. and Duane , W.J. 1993a . Validating large sets of meteorological data from a variety of sources . University of Portsmouth, Department of Geography Working Paper , 28 pp.
   Google Scholar
• McClatchey , J. and Duane , W.J. A database of automatic weather station observations from a number of stations in the Cairngorms and their potential for assessing future climate change . Proceedings of The effects of Global Warming on the Highlands of Scotland . April 30 1993 , Kinguissie . Inverness : Highland Green Party .
   Google Scholar
• McClatchey , J. , Runacres , A.M.E. and Collier , P. 1987 . Satellite images of the distribution of extremely low temperatures in the Scottish Highlands . Meteorological Magazine , 116 : 376 – 386 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEwen , L.J. and Werritty , A. 1988 . The hydrology and long-term geomorphic significanceof a flash flood in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland . Catena , 15 : 361 – 377 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McVean , D.N. 1958 . Snow cover and vegetation in the Scottish Highlands . Weather , 13 : 197 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• McVean , D.N. 1963 . Snow cover in the Cairngorms: 1961-62 . Weather , 18 : 339 – 342 .
   Google Scholar
• Manley , G. 1945 . The effective rate of altitudinal change in temperate Atlantic climates . Geographical Review , 35 : 408 – 417 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manley , G. 1948 . Records of snow cover on Scottish mountains . Meteorological Magazine , 77 : 270 – 272 .
   Google Scholar
• Manley , G. 1949 . The snowline in Britain . Geografiska Annaler , 31 : 179 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Manley , G. 1971a . The mountain snows of Britain . Weather , 26 : 192 – 200 .
   Google Scholar
• Manley , G. 1971b . Scotland's semi-permanent snows . Weather , 26 : 458 – 471 .
   Google Scholar
• Manley , G. 1974 . Central England temperatures: monthly means 1659-1973 . Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , 100 : 389 – 405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manley , G. 1978 . Meteorological observation in Royal Deeside . Weather , 23 : 457 – 459 .
   Google Scholar
• Meteorological Office . 1988 . Snow Survey of Great Britain 1987/88 , Bracknell : Meteorological Office . 22 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Ogilvie , A.E.J. 1992 . “ Documentary evidence for changes in the climate of Iceland, AD 1500 to 1800 ” . In Climate Since AD 1500 , Edited by: Bradley , R.S. and Jones , P.D. 92 – 117 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Oliver , H.R. 1992 . Studies of surface energy balance of sloping terrain . International Journal of Climatology , 12 : 55 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pears , N.V. 1967 . Wind as a factor in mountain ecology: some data from the Cairngorm mountains . Scottish Geographical Magazine , 83 : 118 – 124 .
   Google Scholar
• Pearson , M.G. 1978 . Snowstorms in Scotland: 1831-1861 . Weather , 33 : 392 – 399 .
   Google Scholar
• Perry , A.H. 1976 . “ Upland climates ” . In The Climate of the British Isles , Edited by: Chandler , T.J. and Gregory , S. 264 – 287 . London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Pottie , P.M. 1990 . Scottish snowbeds 1980-89 . Weather , 45 : 66
   Google Scholar
• Roy , M.G. 1983 . The Ben Nevis Observatory: 1883-1904. Part I – Historical background, methods of observation and published data . Meteorological Magazine , 112 : 318 – 329 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shellard , H.C. 1976 . “ Wind ” . In The Climate of the British Isles , Edited by: Chandler , T.J. and Gregory , S. 39 – 73 . London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Spink , P.C. 1980 . Scottish snow-beds in summer: 1979 survey and some comments on the last 30 years . Weather , 35 : 256 – 259 .
   Google Scholar
• Tabony , R.C. 1985 . Relations between minimum temperatures and topography in Great Britain . Journal of Climatology , 5 : 503 – 520 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , R.G.W. 1980 . Avalanche hazard in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland . Journal of Glaciology , 26 : 31 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , R.G.W. 1981 . Snow Avalanches in Scotland with Particular Reference to the Cairngorm Mountains , Unversity of Aberdeen . Unpublished Ph.D. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Watson , A. , Davison , E.W. and French , D.D. 1994 . Summer snow patches and climate in northeast Scotland, U.K. . Arctic and Alpine Research , 26 : 141 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar