177
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Rural afforestation programmes for sustainable rural development: How realist conceptualisation can help

Pages 327-346 | Published online: 01 Jul 2010

  • AFRICA COOPERATIVE ACTION TRUST (ACAT) . 1997 . Participatory agro-forestry programme for the Eastern Cape , Umtata : ACAT Head Office .
  • AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (ANC) . 1994 . The Reconstruction and Development Programme , Johannesburg : Umanyano .
  • ARNOLD , SH . 1989 . Sustainable development: a solution to the development puzzle? . Journal of the Society for International Development , 2 ( 3 ) : 21 – 5 .
  • BACHRACH , P and BARATZ , MS . 1970 . Power and poverty: theory and practice , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • BENJAMINSEN , TA . 1997 . Natural resource management: paradigm shifts and the decentralization reform in Mali . Human Ecology , 25 ( 1 ) : 121 – 43 .
  • BHASKAR , R . 1975 . A realist theory of science , Cambridge : Harvester .
  • BHASKAR , R . 1986 . Scientific realism and human emancipation , London : Verso .
  • BHASKAR , R . 1991 . Philosophy and the idea of freedom , Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
  • BLACKIE , P and BROOKFIELD , H . 1987 . Land degradation and society , London : Methuen .
  • BLAIKIE , P . 1985 . The political economy of soil erosion in developing countries , New York : Longman .
  • BOSCOVITCH , RJ . 1966 . A theory of natural necessity , Boston : MIT Press .
  • BOUDON , R . 1982 . The unintended consequences of social action , London : Macmillan .
  • BRUNDTLAND , GH . 1987 . Our common future , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • CORBETT , M . 1987 . Community projects: the possibilities in South Africa . Development Southern Africa , 4 ( 2 ) : 324 – 33 .
  • DEPARTMENT OF WATER AFFAIRS AND FORESTRY (DWAF) . 1996 . Sustainable forest development in South Africa: the policy of the Government of National Unity , Pretoria : DWAF . White paper
  • DEWEES , P . 1989 . The fuelwood crisis reconsidered: observations on the dynamics of abundance and scarcity . World Development , 17 ( 8 ) : 1159 – 72 .
  • DOVERS , S . 1989 . Sustainability: definitions, clarifications and contexts . Journal of the Society for International Development , 2 ( 3 ) : 33 – 6 .
  • DYER , ST . 1996 . Fuelwoods used in rural South Africa . Development Southern Africa , 13 ( 3 ) : 485 – 97 .
  • FALS-BORDA , O . 1984 . Participatory action research . Development , 2 ( 1 ) : 18 – 30 .
  • FAY , B . 1977 . Social theory and political practice , London : George Allen & Unwin .
  • FORTMAN , L and ROCHELEAU , D . 1985 . Women and agro-forestry: four myths and three case studies . Agro Forestry Systems , 2 ( 4 ) : 253 – 72 .
  • FRASER-TAYLOR , D and MACKENZIE , F , eds. 1992 . Development from within: survival in rural Africa , London : Routledge .
  • FUGGLE , R and RABBIE , M . 1992 . Environmental management in South Africa , Cape Town : Juta .
  • GREGERSEN , H . 1989 . People and trees: the role of social forestry in sustainable development. Seminar Series, economic Development Institute , Washington, DC : World Bank .
  • HABERMAS , J . 1978 . Knowledge and human interests , London : Heinemann .
  • HABERMAS , J . 1987 . The theory of communicative action , Vol 2 , Cambridge : Polity .
  • HALBACH , A . 1988 . The South African homeland policy and its consequences: an evaluation of separate development . Development Southern Africa , 5 ( 4 ) : 161 – 82 .
  • HARRÉ , R and MADDEN , H . 1975 . Causal powers: a theory of natural necessity , Oxford : Blackwell .
  • HOBART , M , ed. 1993 . An anthropological critique of development , London : Longman .
  • HOSKINS , M . 1979 . Women in forestry for local community development: a programming guide , Washington, DC : United States Agency for International Development .
  • JEPPE , WJO . 1985 . Community development: an African rural approach , Pretoria : African Institute of South Africa .
  • KEAT , R and URRY , J . 1982 . Social theory and science, 2nd edn , London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
  • KEYFITZ , N and DORFMAN , R . 1991 . The market economy is the best but not the easiest. Mimeograph, Department of Economics , New York : New York University .
  • LAND AND AGRICULTURE POLICY CENTRE (LAPC) . 1996 . “ Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative ” . In Natural Resource Management Programme , Johannesburg : LAPC .
  • LUKACKS , G . 1978 . The ontology of social being , London : Longman .
  • MABIN , A . 1991 . The impacts of apartheid on the rural areas of South Africa . Antipode , 23 ( 2 ) : 33 – 47 .
  • MARTINEZ-ALLIER , J . 1990 . Poverty as a cause of environmental degradation? Manuscript prepared for the World Bank , Washington, DC : World Bank .
  • MCDOUGALL , S , ed. 1990 . Sustainable agriculture in Africa , Trenton, NJ : Africa World Press .
  • OLLMAN , B . 1976 . Alienation , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • OLSON , M . 1965 . The logic of collective action , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • OSBORN , L . 1990 . “ Women and trees: indigenous relations and agro-forestry development ” . In Sustainable agriculture in Africa , Edited by: McDougall , EA . 135 – 50 . Trenton, NJ : African World Press .
  • PEZZY , S . 1989 . Economic analysis, growth and Sustainable development , Department of the Environment, Working Paper No 15 Washington, DC : World Bank .
  • QUEBRAL , NN . 1973 . What do we mean by development communications? . International Development Review , 15 ( 2 ) : 19 – 27 .
  • RAMPHELE , M , ed. 1991 . Restoring the land: environment and change in post-apartheid South Africa , London : Panos .
  • REDCLIFT , M . 1987 . Sustainable development , London : Methuen .
  • RICHARDS , P . 1979 . Community environmental knowledge and African rural development . Institute for Development Studies Bulletin , 10 ( 2 ) : 28 – 36 .
  • SAYER , A . 1979 . Epistemology and conceptions of people and nature in geography . Geoforum , 10 ( 1 ) : 19 – 43 .
  • SAYER , A . 1981 . Abstraction: a realist interpretation . Radical Philosophy , 28 ( 2 ) : 6 – 15 .
  • SAYER , A . 1992 . Method in social science: a realist approach , London : Hutchinson .
  • SCHNAIBERG , A . 1980 . The environment: from surplus to scarcity , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • SHACKLETON , M . 1994 . Growing more trees for fuel wood in the Northern Transvaal or redistribution after Sustainable harvesting? . Development Southern Africa , 11 ( 4 ) : 587 – 97 .
  • SHONE , KA . 1990 . Guide to tree planting in Transkei , Umtata, Eastern Cape : Department of Agriculture and Forestry .
  • SKUTCH , M . 1985 . Forestry by the people for the people -- some major problems in Tanzania's Village Afforestation Programme . International Tree Crops Journal , 3 : 147 – 70 .
  • SMITH , D . 1987 . Back to the good life: towards an enlarged conception of social justice . Environment and Planning -- Society and Space , 15 ( 1 ) : 19 – 35 .
  • STRAUSS , AL and CORBIN , J . 1990 . Basics of qualitative research: grounded theory procedures and techniques , London : Sage .
  • VAN DER WATT , T . 1991 . Forestry industry's woodlots programme . Development Southern Africa , 8 ( 4 ) : 509 – 16 .
  • WALTERS , S . 1983 . Participatory research: theory and practice . Perspectives in Education , 7 ( 3 ) : 170 – 5 .
  • WARREN , MD , SLIKKERVEER , LJ and BROKENSHA , D . 1995 . The cultural dimension of development: indigenous knowledge systems , London : Intermediate Technology Publications .
  • WORLD BANK . 1996 . “ Towards environmentally Sustainable development ” . In Practice Series , Washington, DC : World Bank .
  • WATTS , M . 1983 . Hazards and crises: a political economy of drought and famine in Nigeria . Antipode , 15 ( 1 ) : 24 – 34 .
  • YIRENKYI-BOATENG , S . 1975 . “ The role of agricultural settlement farms in the development of the upper region of Ghana ” . In Unpublished MSc degree in Urban and Regional Planning , Kumasi, Ghana : University of Science and Technology .
  • YIRENKYI-BOATENG , S . 1995 . Appropriate technology and rural development: a structuration perspective . South African Geographical Journal , 77 ( 2 ) : 56 – 67 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.