123
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Nominal and real effective exchange rates for Southern African Development Community countries over the period 1980–2004: implications for the expansion of the Common Monetary Area

&
Pages 241-254 | Published online: 08 Jun 2009

REFERENCES

  • BAYOUMI , T . 1994 . A formal model of optimum currency areas . IMF Staff Papers , 41 ( 4 ) : 537 – 71 .
  • BAYOUMI , T and PRASAD , E . 1997 . Currency unions, economic fluctuations, and adjustment: some new empirical evidence . IMF Staff Papers , 44 ( 1 ) : 37 – 58 .
  • GRUBEL , H G . 1970 . The theory of optimum currency areas . The Canadian Journal of Economics , 3 ( 2 ) : 318 – 24 .
  • HOLDEN , P , HOLDEN , M and SUSS , E C . 1979 . The determinants of exchange rate flexibility: an empirical investigation . The Review of Economics and Statistics , 61 ( 3 ) : 327 – 33 .
  • INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) . 1980–2004a . International financial statistics , Washington, DC : IMF . various volumes
  • INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF) . 1980–2004b . The direction of trade statistics , Washington, DC : IMF . various volumes
  • ISHIYAMA , Y . 1975 . The theory of optimum currency areas: a survey . IMF Staff Papers , 22 : 344 – 83 .
  • KENEN , P B . 1969 . “ theory of optimum currency areas: an eclectic view ” . In Monetary problems of the international economy , Edited by: Mundell , R A and Swoboda , A K . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • MASSON , P and PATILLO , C . 2004 . A single currency for Africa? Probably not, but selective expansion of existing monetary unions could be used to induce countries to improve their policies . Finance and Development , 41 ( 4 ) : 9 – 15 .
  • MCKINNON , R I . 1963 . Optimum currency areas . American Economic Review , 53 : 717 – 25 .
  • MELITZ , J . 1995 . A suggested reformulation of the theory of optimum currency areas . Open Economies Review , 6 : 281 – 98 .
  • MUNDELL , R A . 1961 . A theory of optimum currency areas . American Economic Review , 51 : 657 – 65 .
  • SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY . 2003 . Macroeconomic convergence programme for SADC , Technical report. www.uneca.org/srdc/sa/publications/MacroeconomicPolicy-InstitutionalConvergence-in-SADC.pdf Accessed December 2007
  • THE BANKER, 2005. Key steps to African economic union: Tito Mboweni details the Southern African Development Community's little-known macroeconomic convergence. May 2005.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.