4,919
Views
50
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Rethinking township tourism: Towards responsible tourism development in South African townships

Pages 273-287 | Published online: 29 Apr 2010

References

  • Ashworth , G J . 2004 . “ Tourism and the heritage of atrocity: Managing the heritage of South African apartheid for entertainment ” . In New Horizons in Tourism: Strange Experiences and Stranger Practices , Edited by: Singh , T . Wallingford : CABI .
  • Ashworth , G J and Tunbridge , J E . 2000 . “ The Tourist-Historic City: Retrospect and Prospect of Managing the Heritage City ” . Oxford : Pergamon .
  • ATI (Academy for the Tourism Industry) . 2006 . Managing Responsible Tourism Development in Municipalities , ATI, Halfway House .
  • Bonn , M A , Joseph-Mathews , S M , Dai , M , Hayes , S and Cave , J . 2007 . Heritage/cultural attraction atmospherics: Creating the right environment for the heritage/cultural visitor . Journal of Travel Research , 45 : 345 – 54 .
  • Cape Town . 2002 . The Cape Town Declaration of Responsible Tourism in Destinations. City of Cape Town . www.capetown.gov.za/en/tourism/Documents/Responsible%20Tourism/Toruism_RT_2002_Cape_Town_Declaration.pdf Accessed 7 July 2009
  • CoJ (City of Johannesburg) . 2004 . Soweto Tourism Plan , Johannesburg : CoJ Department of Marketing and Communications .
  • CoJ (City of Johannesburg) . 2007 . Spatial Development Framework 2007/08 , Johannesburg : CoJ .
  • Collins , S and Snel , H . 2008 . “ Perspective on community based tourism from South Africa: The TRANSFORM Programme, 1996–2007 ” . In Responsible Tourism: Critical Issues for Conservation and Development , Edited by: Spenceley , A . London : Earthwatch .
  • DEAT (Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism) . 2002 . National Responsible Tourism Guidelines for South Africa , Pretoria : DEAT .
  • DEAT (Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism) . 2005 . Vilakazi Precinct Project , Johannesburg : Interfaith Community Development Association & Holicki and Associates JV .
  • Du Cros , H . 2001 . A new model to assist in planning for sustainable cultural heritage tourism . International Journal of Tourism Research , 3 : 165 – 70 .
  • Frey , N and George , R . 2008 . “ Responsible tourism and the tourism industry: A demand and supply perspective ” . In Responsible Tourism: Critical Issues for Conservation and Development , Edited by: Spenceley , A . London : Earthwatch .
  • Gasper , K , Mija , F , Mnisis , S , Mphusu , K and Pidduck , B . 2005 . The Status of Tourism Development in Soweto: An evaluative Study of Aspects of the Supply Side of Tourism , Johannesburg : University of Johannesburg .
  • GTA (Gauteng Tourism Authority) . 2006 . “ Gauteng Tourism: Responsible Tourism Manual. Development Bank of Southern Africa and the International Centre for Responsible Tourism ” . Johannesburg : GTA .
  • Kotze , N , Rogerson , C M and Visser , G . 2005 . A tourism development strategy for the Free State. Acta Academica Supplementum . 2005 ( 4 ) : 115 – 43 .
  • Lane , B . 1994 . Sustainable rural tourism strategies: A tool for development and conservation . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 2 ( 1&2 ) : 12 – 18 .
  • Law , C M . 1993 . “ Urban Tourism: Attracting Visitors to Large Cities ” . London : Mansell .
  • Leffel , T . 2006 . “ Saving Machu Picchu: Responsible tourism is a 3-way deal ” . In Responsible Tourism Handbook , Edited by: Schwarz , S . Bennington : Transitions Abroad .
  • Nemasetoni , I and Rogerson , C M . 2007 . “ Township tourism in Africa: Emerging tour operators in Gauteng ” . In Urban Tourism in the Developing World: The South African Experience , Edited by: Rogerson , C M and Visser , G . New Brunswick : Transaction .
  • NGS (National Geographic Society) . 2007 . Mosaic of solutions: Ashoka's change makers – Ecotourism challenge . www.changemakers.net/en-us/node/2104/mosaic Accessed 9 July 2008
  • Nordin , S . 2003 . Tourism Clustering and Innovation: Paths to Economic Growth and Development , Östersund : European Tourism Research Institute .
  • Nuryanti , W . 1996 . Heritage and post-modern tourism. Annals of Tourism Research . 23 ( 2 ) : 249 – 60 .
  • Orbaşli , A . 2000 . “ Tourists in Historic Towns: Urban Conservation and Heritage Management ” . London : E & FN Spon .
  • Pirie , G . 2007 . “ Urban tourism in Cape Town ” . In Urban Tourism in the Developing World: The South African Experience , Edited by: Rogerson , C M and Visser , G . New Brunswick : Transaction .
  • Ramchander , P . 2004 . Towards the responsible management of the socio-cultural impact of township tourism . PhD thesis, Department of Tourism Management, University of Pretoria
  • Renard , Y . 2001 . Practical strategies for pro-poor tourism: A case study for the St Lucia Heritage Tourism Programme . PPT Working Paper 7. Pro-Poor Tourism Partnership Publications
  • Rogerson , C M . 2004 . Urban tourism and small tourism enterprise development in Johannesburg: The case of township tourism . GeoJournal , 60 : 249 – 57 .
  • Rogerson , C M . 2005 . Unpacking tourism SMMEs in South Africa: Structure, support needs and policy response. Development Southern Africa . 22 ( 5 ) : 623 – 42 .
  • Rogerson , C M . 2008 . Shared growth in urban tourism: Evidence from Soweto, South Africa . : 395 – 411 . Urban Forum 19
  • RSA (Republic of South Africa) . 1996a . Constitution of the Republic of South Africa: Act 108 of 1996 , Pretoria : Government Printer .
  • RSA (Republic of South Africa) . 1996b . White Paper on the Development and Promotion of Tourism in South Africa , Pretoria : Government Printer .
  • RSA (Republic of South Africa) . 1999 . National Heritage Resources Act (NHRA) 25 of 1999 , Pretoria : Government Printer .
  • Scheyvens , R . 2002 . Tourism for Development: Empowering Communities , Harlow : Pearson Education .
  • Sharpley , R and Telfer , D J . 2002 . Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues , Edited by: Sharpley , R and Telfer , D J . Clevedon : Channel View .
  • SMC (Scottish Museum Council) . 2000 . Museums and Social Justice: How Museums and Galleries Can Work for their Whole Communities , Edinburgh : SMC .
  • Smith , S LJ . 1995 . Tourism Analysis: A Handbook , Harlow : Addison Wesley Longman .
  • Spenceley , A . 2008 . Responsible Tourism: Critical Issues for Conservation and Development , Edited by: Spenceley , A . London : Earthwatch .
  • Tearfund . 2002 . Worlds Apart: A Call to Responsible Tourism Development , Teddington : Tearfund .
  • TEP (Tourism Enterprise Programme) . 2005 . Survey of Tourism Products in Soweto , Johannesburg : TEP .
  • TKZN (Tourism KwaZulu-Natal) . 2008 . Cultural and heritage tourism: An important economic development tool . TKZN Occasional Paper No. 62. www.kzn.org.za/invest/heritagetourism.pdf Accessed 3 August 2008
  • UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organization) . 2006 . “ Tourism and Least Developed Countries: A Sustainable Opportunity to Reduce Poverty ” . Madrid : UNWTO .
  • Van der Merwe , C D and Patel , Z . 2007 . “ Understandings of urban regeneration, heritage and environment ” . In Urban Tourism in the Developing World: The South African Experience Edited by: Rogerson , C M and Visser , G . New Brunswick, NJ Transaction
  • Van Staden , J W and Marais , L . 2005 . The tourism potential of Beaufort West: A study based on visitor demand. Development Southern Africa . 22 ( 2 ) : 233 – 49 .
  • Visser , G and Rogerson , C M . 2004 . Researching the South African tourism and development nexus . GeoJournal , 60 : 201 – 15 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.