81
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Women mini‐farmers in the South African tea industry

Pages 573-586 | Published online: 27 Feb 2008

References

  • Blume , H . 1971 . Organisational Aspects of Agro‐Industrial Development Agencies: Nine Case Studies in Africa (Tea ‐ Cotton ‐ Oil‐Palm) , Munich : Weltforum Verlag .
  • Crush , J and James , W . 1991 . Depopulating the compounds: migrant labor and mine housing in South Africa . World Development , 19 (4)
  • Glover , DJ . 1984 . Contract farming and smallholder outgrower schemes in less developed countries . World Development , 12 ( 11 & 12 )
  • Glover , DJ . 1987 . Increasing the benefits to smallholders from contract farming . World Development , 15 (4)
  • Glover , DJ . 1990 . Contract farming and outgrower schemes in east and southern Africa . Journal of Agricultural Economics , 41 (3)
  • Glover , DJ and Kusterer , K . 1990 . Small Farmers and Big Business , London : Macmillan .
  • International Labour Office . 1966 . Plantation Workers: Conditions of Work and Standards of Living Geneva
  • James , WG . 1992 . Our Precious Metal: African Labour in South Africa's Gold Industry, 1970‐1990 , Cape Town : David Philip .
  • Kirk , C . 1987 . Contracting out: plantations, smallholders and transnational enterprise . IDS Bulletin , 18 (2)
  • Levin , R . 1988 . Contract fanning in Swaziland: peasant differentiation and the constraints of land tenure . African Studies , 47 (2)
  • Mackintosh , M . 1989 . Gender, Class and Rural Transition: Agribusiness and the Food Crisis in Senegal , London : Zed Books .
  • Mann , SA . 1990 . Agrarian Capitalism in Theory and Practice , Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press .
  • Minnaar , A de V . 1990 . The growth and development of small cane growers in Zululand (1950s‐1980s) . Africanus , 20 (1 & 2)
  • Murray , C . 1981 . Families Divided: The Impact of Migrant Labour in Lesotho , Johannesburg : Ravan Press .
  • North‐Coombes , MD . 1988 . “ Struggles in the canefields: small growers in Mauritius, 1921‐1937 ” . In The World Sugar Economy in War and Depression, 1914‐40 , Edited by: Albert , B and Graves , A . London : Routledge .
  • Sajhau , J‐P and Von Muralt , J . 1987 . Plantations and Plantation Workers , Geneva : ILO .
  • Schutte , AG . 1984 . Poverty and Rural Deterioration: Two Case Studies from Post‐'Independence’ Venda , University of Cape Town Saldru . Second Carnegie Inquiry into Poverty and Development in Southern Africa, Conference Paper No 64.
  • Swainson , N . 1986 . Public policy in the development of export crops: pineapples and tea in Kenya . IDS Bulletin , 17 (1)
  • Van Niekerk , A . 1988 . Changing patterns of worker accommodation, Zebediela Citrus Estate, 1926‐1953: the dynamics of external restraint and self‐discipline . Social Dynamics , 14 (2)
  • Vaughan , A . 1991 . Cane, class and credit: small growers in the Glendale area . Antipode , 23 (1)
  • Vaughan , A . Contracts with capital: the small grower experience in Natal/KwaZulu . Paper read at Workshop on Apartheid and Agriculture . Canada . Queen's University .
  • Watts , M , ed. 1986 . Contract Farming in Sub‐Saharan Africa , vols 1 and 2 , Worcester, Mass : Clarke University Press .
  • Watts , M . 1990 . “ Peasants under contract: agro‐food complexes in the Third World ” . In The Food Question: Profits versus People , Edited by: Friedmann , H . New York : Monthly Review Press .
  • Whisson , MG and Manona , CW . 1985 . Cherchez la femme: A Study of the Organisation of Labour and the Lives of Workers on a Tea Estate , Grahamstown : Institute of Social and Economic Research Development Studies, Rhodes University . Working Paper No 21.
  • Wilson , F and Ramphele , M . 1989 . Uprooting Poverty: The South African Challenge , Cape Town : David Philip .
  • Senior Lecturer, Department of Sociology, University of Cape Town. The author's greatest debt of gratitude is to the subjects of this article for their good‐humoured and patient cooperation. He also thanks the tea company's officials and employees at all levels for their assistance and encouragement; his hosts during field trips for their generous hospitality; Nzeni Netshltomboni, Andrew Mokumo and PJ Fitzgerald for their valuable contributions to the research project; and the University of Cape Town's Research Committee for providing a grant for the research.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.