Cattle numbers, biomass, productivity and land degradation in the commercial farming sector of Namibia, 1915‐95

References

• Adams , F and Werner , W . 1990 . The land issue in Namibia: an inquiry , Namibia Institute for Social and Economic Research Windhoek, , Namibia : University of Namibia .
   Google Scholar
• Barnes , JI and De Jager , JHV . 1996 . Economic and financial incentives for wildlife use on private land in Namibia and the implications for policy . South African Journal of Wildlife Research , 26 ( 3 ) : 7 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Benhke , R . 1997 . Comments on draft note on cattle numbers, biomass, and productivity in commercial areas of Namibia, 1915‐1994 , Northern Regions Livestock Development Project Windhoek, , Namibia : Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development . Unpublished note
   Google Scholar
• Benhke , R and Abel , N . 1996 . Sustainability and stocking rate on African rangelands . World Animal Review , 87 (2) : 17 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Buck , NG . Beef cattle production research in Botswana and its relevance to drought conditions . Proceedings of the symposium on ‘Drought in Botswana’ . Edited by: Hinchey , MT . pp. 250 – 4 . Gaborone, Botswana : Botswana Society .
   Google Scholar
• Carew , CW . 1976 . Stocking rate as a factor in determining the profitability of beef production . Rhodesia Agricultural Journal , 73 : 111 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Central Statistics Office . 1997 . National accounts, 1981‐1996 , Windhoek, , Namibia : Government Printer .
   Google Scholar
• Danckwerts , JE and King , PG . 1984 . Conservative stocking or maximum profit: a management dilemma . Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , 1 : 25 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Dean , WRJ and MaCdonald , IAW . 1994 . Historical changes in stocking rates of domestic livestock as a measure of semi‐arid and arid rangelands degradation in the Cape Province, South Africa . Journal of Arid Environments , 26 : 281 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewdney , R . 1996 . Policy factors and desertification ‐ analysis and proposals , Report to the Namibian Programme to Combat Desertification (Napcod) Windhoek, , Namibia : Napcod .
   Google Scholar
• Directorate Of Environmental Affairs & Desert Research Foundation Of Namibia . Proceedings of Namibia's national workshop to combatdesertification . Windhoek, , Namibia : Desert Research Foundation of Namibia . Cattle numbers, biomass, productivity and land degradation
   Google Scholar
• Directorate Of Veterinary Services . Veterinary census , Windhoek, , Namibia : Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development . various years
   Google Scholar
• ELS , JF . 1996 . Comments on draft note on cattle numbers, biomass, and productivity in commercial areas of Namibia, 1915‐1994 , Windhoek, , Namibia : Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development . Unpublished note.
   Google Scholar
• Fourie , JH , De Wet , NJ and Page , JJ . 1987 . Veldtoestand en neiging in Ka‐lahari‐Duineveld onder ‘n ekstensiewe veeboerderystelsel (Veld condition and trend in Kalahari Duneveld under an extensive stock production system) . Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , 4 (2) : 48 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Lange , G . 1997 . Natural resource accounting in Namibia and southern Africa , Final report to the United States Agency for International Development Washington, DC : Usaid .
   Google Scholar
• Lange , G , Barnes , JI and Motinga , DJ . 1997 . Cattle numbers, biomass, productivity, and land degradation in the commercial farming sector of Namibia, 1915‐1995 , Research Discussion Paper No 17 Windhoek, , Namibia : Directorate of Environmental Affairs .
   Google Scholar
• Low , A . Gatt: effects and consequences for Namibia . Proceedings of the Bank Windhoek/Agrekona Agricultural Outlook Conference 1994 on ‘Future agricultural trade and cooperation between the new South Africa and Namibia’ . March 10 , Windhoek, Namibia.
   Google Scholar
• Meat Board of Namibia . Annual report Windhoek, , Namibia various years
   Google Scholar
• Moorsom , R , ed. 1995 . Coping with aridity , Frankfurt, , Germany : Brandes & Apsel .
   Google Scholar
• Olszewski , J . 1996 . The productivity of rainfall in the western Sardep pilot areas , report for the Sustainable Animal and Rangeland Development Programme (Sardep) Windhoek, , Namibia Unpublished
   Google Scholar
• Quan , J , Barton , D and Conroy , C . 1994 . A preliminary assessment of the economic impact of desertification in Namibia , Research Discussion Paper No 3 Windhoek, , Namibia : Directorate of Environmental Affairs .
   Google Scholar
• Rawlinson , J . 1994 . The meat industry of Namibia, 1835 to 1994 , Windhoek, , Namibia : Gamsberg MacMillan .
   Google Scholar
• Rooivleisproduksiebevorderingskomitee . 1986 . (Red Meat Production Promotion Committee), ‘n Studie wat die beesvleisbedryf in die kommer‐siele boerderygebied van SWA beskryf (A study describing the beef industry in the commercial farming areas of South West Africa) Windhoek, , Namibia
   Google Scholar
• Sartorius Von Bach , HJ and Van ZYL , J . 1990 . Supply of live cattle and of beef in Namibia . Agrekon , 29 : 347 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Sartorius Von Bach , H , Van ZYL , J and Vink , N . 1992 . Empirical information on beef production in regions of Namibia as an aid to restructuring the livestock farming industry along equitable lines . Development Southern Africa , 9 (4) : 423 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Venter , JP . sa. Die regte bestokking: ‘n wenresep teen droogtes (The correct stocking rate: a winning recipe against droughts) , Windhoek, , Namibia : Department of Agriculture and Nature Conservation.</Ref> . Unpublished report.
   Google Scholar
• Respectively, Research Associate Professor, Institute for Economic Analysis, New York University; Natural Resource Economist, World Wildlife Fund Life Programme, Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Windhoek, Namibia; and Junior Researcher, Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit, Windhoek, Namibia. Lange and Motinga's work was supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), while Barnes’ work was supported by the World Wildlife Fund (US) LIFE Programme funded by USAID. The authors would especially like to thank Roy Benhke, Jacque Els, Martin Fowler, Roger Paskin, Jacque van der Merwe, Stanley van Zyl and Wolfgang Werner. The opinions expressed here are our own and do not necessarily reflect those of our partners or sponsors.
   Google Scholar