Developing an understanding of problems being experienced by traditional healers living on the western border of the Kruger National Park: Foundations for an integrated conservation and development programme

References

• Almquist , A , Deshmukh , I Donnelly‐Roark , P . 1993 . African biodiversity: foundation for the future , Biodiversity Support Programme Washington, DC, Maryland : Professional Printing Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Botha , J . 1997a . A background to the problems being experienced by traditional healers of the Lubambiswano and Hlanganani fora: implications for the development of a participative programme between the traditional healers and the KNP , KNP Scientific Services Internal Report 7/97 Kruger National Park, , SA
   Google Scholar
• Botha , J . 1997b . Proceedings of the planning workshop, Lubambiswano Forum , KNP Scientific Services Internal Report 6/97 Kruger National Park, , SA
   Google Scholar
• Brown , M and Wyckoff‐Baird , B . 1992 . Designing integrated conservation and development projects, , revised edition , Biodiversity Support Programme Washington, DC. Landover, MD : Corporate Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Carruthers , J . 1993 . ‘Police boys’ and poachers: Africans, wildlife protection and national parks, Transvaal 1902‐1950 . Koedoe , 36 : 11 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Cesario , M . 1996 . Contribution of conservation to sustainable living through health promotion . Ambio , 25 : 39 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , J . 1994 . Building on indigenous natural resource management: forestry practices in Zimbabwe's communal lands , Research and Development Division of the Forestry Commission Harare, , Zimbabwe : Earthware .
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham , AB . 1991 . “ The herbal medicine trade: resource depletion and environmental management for a ‘hidden economy’ ” . In South Africa's informal economy , Edited by: Preston‐Whyte , E and Rogerson , C . Cape Town : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham , AB . 1992 . Imithi isizulu: the traditional trade in Na‐tal/Kwazulu , Pietermaritzburg : University of Natal .
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham , AB . 1993 . African medicinal plants: setting priorities at the interface between conservation and primary health care , People and Parks Working Paper No 1. Division of Ecological Sciences Paris : Unesco .
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham , AB . 1997 . Regional coordinator, World Wildlife Fund People and Plants Project UK Personal communication.
   Google Scholar
• Kremen , C , Merenlander , AD and Murphy , D . 1994 . Ecological monitoring: a vital need for integrated conservation and development programs in the tropics . Conservation Biology , 8 : 388 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mander , M . 1997 . Medicinal plant marketing and strategies for sustaining the plant supply in the Bushbuck Ridge area and Mpumalanga province , Danced Report Nelspruit, , SA : Danish Cooperation for Environment and Development .
   Google Scholar
• Mander , J , Quinn , N and Mander , M . 1997 . Trade in wildlife medicinals in South Africa , Investigational Report No 154 Traffic East/Southern Africa . Unpublished report submitted to
   Google Scholar
• Martin , G . 1995 . Ethnobotany: a methods manual , London : Chapman & Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Mdluli , A . 1997 . Ukukhanya Kwemvelo Majiga, Nsikazi, Mpumalanga
   Google Scholar
• Nichols , GR . Making the medicinal plants renewable: a conservation strategy in the Durban City Parks Department . Proceedings of the 12th plenary meeting of the Association for the Taxonomic Study of the Flora of Tropical Africa (Aetfat) . Hamburg.
   Google Scholar
• Niehaus , IA . 1993 . Witch‐hunting and political legitimacy: community and change in Green Valley, Lebowa, 1930‐91 . Africa , 63 (4) : 498 – 529 .
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , JH . 1991 . Campfire: Zimbabwean approach to sustainable development and community empowerment through wildlife utilization: Mount Pleasant, Harare , Zimbabwe Centre for Applied Social Sciences Harare, , Zimbabwe : University of Zimbabwe .
   Google Scholar
• Ralushai , NV , Masingi , MG Madiba , DMM . 1996 . Commission of inquiry into witchcraft, violence and ritual murders in the Northern Province of the Republic of South Africa , Report submitted to the Executive Council for Safety and Security Northern Province, , SA
   Google Scholar
• Shyamsundar , P and Kramer , R . 1997 . Biodiversity conservation ‐ at what cost? A study of households in the vicinity of Madagascar's Mantadia National Park . Ambio , 26 : 180 – 4 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venter , AK , Breen , CB and Marais , CM . 1994 . The participative forum approach: integrating the goals of conservation and the development of the local indigenous peoples , Internal report South Africa : Kruger National Park .
   Google Scholar
• Western , D . 1994 . “ Ecosystem conservation and rural development: the case of Amoseli ” . In Natural connections perspectives in community‐based conservation , Edited by: Western , D and Wright , RM . 5 – 52 . Washington, DC : Island Press .
   Google Scholar
• Western , D and Wright , RM . 1994 . “ The background to community‐based conservation ” . In Natural connections perspectives in community‐based conservation , Edited by: Western , D and Wright , RM . 1 – 12 . Washington, DC : Island Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wild , RG and Mutebi , J . 1996 . Conservation through community use of plant resources: establishing collaborative management at Bwindi Impenetrable and Mgahinga Gorilla National Parks, Uganda , People and Plants Working Paper No 5 Paris : Unesco .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , V . 1996 . The Witwatersrand muti trade . Veld and Flora , 82 (1) : 12 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Project Executant, The Green Trust, a subsidiary of the World Wildlife Fund (SA), and Nedbank provided core funding for the initial development of the Kruger National Park's Integrated Conservation and Development Programme, as well as two years of the Traditional Healers’ Programme. The British High Commission is funding the first phase of Ukukhanya Kwemvelo's medicinal plant reserve, with technical assistance from Ecolink. The author would like to thank the following persons: Dr A Cunningham (WWF People and Plants Initiative) and Mr G Laws (Green Trust), who contributed substantially to the development of the overall programme, E Mthombothi, B Nobela, Mr A Venter, Mrs A Venter, HP Chauke, C Shackleton, E Witkowski, A Botha, the traditional healers and other community members of the Lubambiswano and Hlanganani fora, and the African Biodiversity Advisory Group.
   Google Scholar