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Original Articles

The use and management of draught animals by smallholder farmers in the former Ciskei and Transkei

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Pages 319-333 | Received 01 Jul 1998, Accepted 01 Aug 1998, Published online: 27 Feb 2008

References

  • Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute (ARDRI) . 1996 . Land use systems research programme , 4 – 14 . University of Fort Hare . Adrinews,
  • Barrett , JC , O'Neill , DH and Pearson , RA . 1992 . Strategic research needs relating to draught animal power: a diagnostic study in Zimbabwe , Working Paper of the Draught Animal Working Group (DAWG), Overseas Development Administration (ODA) Livestock Production Programme Chatham : Natural Resources Institute .
  • Chawatama , S and Ndlovu , LR . Some factors affecting draught power output in the smallholder sectors of Zimbabwe . Improving the productivity of draught animals in sub‐Saharan Africa. Proceedings of the Workshop at Matopos Research Station, Bulawayo, September. Overseas Division Report OD/95/20 . Silsoe, UK. Edited by: Ellis‐Jones , J , Ndlovu , LR , Pearson , A and O'Neill , D . pp. 102 Silsoe Research Institute .
  • Dibbits , HJ . Human and draught animal power in crop production: past experiences and outstanding problems . Human and draught animal power in crop production. Proceedings of the Silsoe Research Institute/Commission of the European Communities (CEC) Workshop, Harare, January . Rome. Edited by: O'Neill , DH and Hendriksen , G . pp. 11 – 25 . Food and Agriculture Organisation .
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  • Ndlovu , LR and Francis , J . 1997 . Performance and nutritional management of draught cattle in smallholder farming in Zimbabwe , Harare : University of Zimbabwe .
  • Panin , A and Ellis‐Jones , J . Increasing the profitability of draft animal power . Improving animal traction technology. Proceedings of the first Workshop of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (Atnesa) . January 1992 , Lusaka, The Netherlands. Edited by: Starkey , P , Mwenya , E and Stares , J . pp. 94 – 103 . Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) .
  • ROSS , GJS . 1987 . Maximum Likelihood Programme (MLP) Manual , Oxford : Numerical Algorithm Group .
  • Starkey , P . Animal traction: a worldwide view with a small farmer perspective . Human and draught animal power in crop production. Proceedings of the Silsoe Research Institute/Commission of the European Communities (CEC) Workshop . January , Harare. Edited by: O'Neill , DH and Hendriksen , G . pp. 83 – 6 .
  • Starkey , P , ed. 1995 . Animal traction in South Africa: empowering rural communities , Halfway House : Development Bank of Southern Africa .
  • Respectively Project Leader, International Development Group, Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park, UK; Senior Technician, and Research Assistants (Mzileni, Mapeyi and Njekwa), Animal Traction Centre, Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; PhD Student, Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (CTVM), University of Edinburgh, UK. The authors are grateful to Dr RA Pearson, CTVM, for assistance in the preparation of the article, to the Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute (Ardri), Fort Hare, for providing introductions to some of the farmers interviewed, and to the British Department for International Development (DFID) for financial support provided through their RNRRS Livestock Production Programme (Grant No R6609). The information and views expressed are entirely the responsibility of the authors and are not attributable to any of the organisations involved.

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