Management in the South African public health sector: An x-inefficiency perspective

References

• Akazili , J , Adjuik , M , Chatio , S , Kanyomse , E , Hodgson , A , Aikins , M and Gyapong , J . 2008 . What are the technical and allocative efficiencies of public health centres in Ghana? . Ghana Medical Journal , 42 ( 4 ) : 149 – 55 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akpan , E . 2011 . Effective safety and health management policy for improved performance of organizations in Africa . International Journal of Business and Management , 6 ( 3 ) : 159 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Beinhocker , E . 2006 . “ The Origin of wealth: Evolution ” . In Complexity and the Radical Remaking of Complexity , Boston, Mass : Harvard Business School Press .
   Google Scholar
• Black , P . 2008 . “ Benchmark model of the economy: Positive and normative approaches ” . In Public Economics, 4th edn , Edited by: Black , P , Calitz , E and Steenekamp , T . 14 – 26 . Cape Town : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Black , P , Siebrits , K and Van der Merwe , T . 2008 . “ Public expenditure and growth ” . In Public Economics, 4th edn , Edited by: Black , P , Calitz , E and Steenekamp , T . 85 – 102 . Cape Town : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bowles , S and Gintis , H . 2002 . “ The origins of human cooperation ” . In Sante Fe Institute Working Paper 02-08-035 , New Mexico : Santa Fe Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Boyne , G . 2004 . Explaining public service performance: Does management matter? . Public Policy and Administration , 19 ( 4 ) : 100 – 17 . (doi:10.1177/095207670401900406)
   Google Scholar
• Brinkerhoff , D and Bossert , T . 2008 . Health governance: Concepts, experience and programming options . Health Systems 2020 Policy Brief , www.eldis.org/assets/Docs/36831.html Accessed 13 July 2012
   Google Scholar
• Button , K and Weyman-Jones , T . 1992 . Ownership structure, institutional organisation and measured x-efficiency . The American Economic Review , 82 ( 2 ) : 439 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chabikuli , N , Blaauw , D , Gilson , L and Schneider , H . 2005 . “ Human resource policies: Health sector reform and the management of PHC services in South Africa ” . In South African Health Review 2005 , Edited by: Ijumba , P and Barron , P . 105 – 14 . Durban : Health Systems Trust .
   Google Scholar
• Dailey , C and Schwenk , C . 1996 . Chief executive officers, top management teams and boards of directors . Journal of Management , 22 ( 2 ) : 185 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelbrecht , E and Crisp , N . 2010 . “ Improving the performance of the health system ” . In South African Health Review 2010 , Edited by: Padarath , A and Fonn , S . 195 – 204 . Durban : Health Systems Trust .
   Google Scholar
• Farrell , M . 1957 . The measurement of productive efficiency . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A , 120 ( 3 ) : 253 – 90 . (doi:10.2307/2343100)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frenk , J . 1994 . Dimensions of health system reform . Health Policy , 27 ( 1 ) : 19 – 34 . (doi:10.1016/0168-8510(94)90155-4)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilson , L . 2012 . “ Health systems and institutions ” . In Health Systems in Low-and Middle-income Countries: An Economic and Policy Perspective , Edited by: Smith , R and Hanson , K . 21 – 45 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gilson , L , Khumalo , G , Erasmus , E , Mbatsha , S and McIntyre , D . 2004 . “ Exploring the influence of workplace trust over health worker performance: Preliminary national overview report: South Africa ” . In Health Economics and Financing Programme Working Paper 06/04 , UK : London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine .
   Google Scholar
• Harrison , D . An overview of health and health care in South Africa 1994–2010: Priorities, progress and prospects for new gain . Discussion document commissioned by the Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation to help inform the National Health Leaders' Retreat . 24–26 January , Muldersdrift , South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Herzberg , F . 1968 . One more time: How do you motivate employees? . Harvard Business Review , 46 ( 1 ) : 53 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kernick , D . 2004 . “ An introduction to complexity theory ” . In Complexity and Health Care Organisation , Edited by: Kernick , D . 23 – 38 . Oxford : Radcliffe Medical Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kochugovindan , S and Vriend , N . 1998 . Is the study of complex adaptive systems going to solve the mystery of Adam Smith's ‘invisible hand’? . The Independent Review , 3 ( 1 ) : 53 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Leibenstein , H . 1966 . Allocative efficiency vs ‘x-efficiency’ . American Economic Review , 56 ( 3 ) : 392 – 415 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibenstein , H . 1977 . X-Efficiency, technical efficiency, and incomplete information use: A comment . Economic Development and Cultural Change , 25 ( 2 ) : 311 – 6 . (doi:10.1086/450949)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibenstein , H . 1978 . General X-efficiency Theory and Economic Development , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Leibenstein , H . 1979 . X-Efficiency: From concept to theory . Challenge , 22 ( 4 ) : 13 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Leland , K , Odling-Smee , J and Feldman , M . 2000 . Niche construction, biological evolution and cultural change . Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 23 ( 1 ) : 131 – 46 . (doi:10.1017/S0140525X00002417)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leon , N , Bhunu , F and Kenyon , C . 2001 . “ Voices of facility managers ” . In South Africa Health Review 2001 , Edited by: Ntuli , A , Suleman , F , Barron , P and McCoy , D . 207 – 20 . Health Systems Trust : Durban .
   Google Scholar
• Lessard , C . 2007 . Complexity and reflexivity: Two important issues for economic evaluation in health care . Social Science and Medicine , 64 ( 8 ) : 1754 – 65 . (doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.12.006)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslow , A . 1943 . A theory of human motivation . Psychological Review , 50 : 370 – 96 . (doi:10.1037/h0054346)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , D . 1993 . Some organisational consequences of CEO succession . Academy of Management Journal , 36 ( 3 ) : 644 – 59 . (doi:10.2307/256597)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NPC (National Planning Commission of South Africa) . 2011 . Diagnostic Overview. The Presidency, Republic of South Africa , Pretoria : Government Printer .
   Google Scholar
• Osborne , D and Gaebler , T . 1993 . Reinventing Government , New York : Plume .
   Google Scholar
• Penn-Kekana , L , Blaauw , D and Schneider , H . 2004 . It makes me want to run away to Saudi Arabia: Management and implementation challenges for public financing reforms from a maternity ward perspective . Health Policy and Planning , 19 ( Suppl. 1 ) : i171 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Plsek , P and Greenhalgh , T . 2001 . The challenge of complexity in health care . British Medical Journal , 323 : 625 – 8 . (doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7313.625)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preker , A and Harding , A . 2000 . “ The economics of public and private roles in healthcare: Insights from institutional economics and organizational theory ” . In Health, Nutrition and Population Discussion Paper , Washington , DC : World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , M , Hsiao , W , Berman , P and Reich , M . 2008 . Getting Health Reform Right: A Guide to Improving Performance and Equity , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Saltman , R and Figueras , J . 1997 . European Health Care Reform: Analysis of Current Strategies , Edited by: Saltman , R and Figueras , J . Copenhagen : World Health Organisation .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , H . 1992 . Economics, Bounded Rationality, and the Cognitive Revolution , Aldershot , , UK : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , R and Hanson , K . 2012 . “ What is a ‘health system’? ” . In Health Systems in Low- and Middle-income Countries: An Economic and Policy Perspective , Edited by: Smith , R and Hanson , K . 3 – 19 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stanley , E , Ashlock , D and Tesfatsion , L . 1994 . “ Iterated prisoner's dilemma with choice and refusal of partners ” . In Artificial Life III, Volume 17 , Edited by: Langton , C . 131 – 75 . Redwood City , CA : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Tomer , J . 1981 . Worker motivation: A neglected element in micro-micro theory . Journal of Economic Issues , 15 ( 2 ) : 353 – 62 .
   Google Scholar