References
- African Development Bank (AfDB), 2013. At the center of Africa’s transformation: Strategy for 2013–2022. https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Policy-Documents/AfDB_Strategy_for_2013%E2%80%932022_-_At_the_Center_of_Africa%E2%80%99s_Transformation.pdf Accessed 25 May 2019.
- African Development Bank (AfDB), 2018. Green bond programme: Eligible green projects. https://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/initiatives-partnerships/green-bonds-program/ Accessed 25 May 2019.
- Almer, C & Winkler, R, 2017. Analysing the effectiveness of international environmental policies: The case of the Kyoto Protocol. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 82, 125–51. doi: 10.1016/j.jeem.2016.11.003
- Andric, I, Koc, M & Al-Ghamdi, SG, 2019. A review of climate change implications for built environment: Impacts, mitigation measures and associated challenges in developed and developing countries. Journal of Cleaner Production 211, 83–102. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.128
- Asongu, SA, 2017. Assessing marginal, threshold, and net effects of financial globalisation on financial development in South Africa. Journal of Multinational Financial Management 40, 103–14. doi: 10.1016/j.mulfin.2017.05.003
- Banga, J, 2019. The green bond market: A potential source of climate finance for developing countries. Journal of Sustainable Finance and Investment 9(1), 17–32. doi: 10.1080/20430795.2018.1498617
- Baxter, P & Jack, S, 2008. Qualitative case study methodology: Study design and implementation for novice researchers. The Qualitative Report 13(4), 544–59.
- Bisaro, A, Roggero, M & Villamayor-Tomas, S, 2018. Institutional analysis in climate change adaptation research: A systematic literature review. Ecological Economics 151, 34–43. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.04.016
- Blankley, WO & Booyens, I, 2010. Building a knowledge economy in South Africa. South African Journal of Science 106, 1–6. doi: 10.4102/sajs.v106i11/12.373
- Bowman, M & Minas, S, 2019. Resilience through interlinkage: The green climate fund and climate finance governance. Climate Policy 19(3), 342–53. doi: 10.1080/14693062.2018.1513358
- Busby, JW, Cook, KH, Vizy, EK, Smith, TD & Bekalo, M, 2014. Identifying hot spots of security vulnerability associated with climate change in Africa. Climatic Change 124, 717–31. doi: 10.1007/s10584-014-1142-z
- Chaminade, C & Vang, J, 2008. Globalisation of knowledge production and regional innovation policy: Supporting specialised hubs in the Bangalore software industry. Research Policy 37, 1684–96. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2008.08.014
- Chirambo, D, 2016. Moving past the rhetoric: Policy considerations that can make Sino-African relations to improve Africa’s climate change resilience and the attainment of the sustainable development goals. Advances in Climate Change Research 7, 253–63. doi: 10.1016/j.accre.2016.11.002
- City of Johannesburg, 2014. Joburg Pioneers Green Bond. https://www.joburg/org.za/media_/Newsroom/Pages/2014%20Articles/Joburg-pioneers-green-bond.aspx Accessed 15 June 2019.
- CBI (Climate Bonds Initiative), 2017. City of Cape Town Green Bond. https://www.climatebonds.ney/certification/city-of-cape-town Accessed 26 May 2019.
- CBI (Climate Bonds Initiative), 2018. Lagos Launch: Nigeria Green Bond Market Development Program: New initiative to boost African Green Finance. https://www.climatebonds.net/050616-lagos-launch-nigeria-green-bond-market-development-program-new-initiative-boost-african Accessed 12 November 2019.
- CBI (Climate Bonds Initiative), 2019a. Green Bonds market summary – H1 2019. https://www.climatebonds.net/resources/reports/green-bonds-market-summary-h1-2019. Accessed 24 February 2020.
- CBI (Climate Bonds Initiative), 2019b. Latin America and Caribbean green finance: Huge potential across the region. https://www.climatebonds.net/2019/09/latin-america-caribbean-green-finance-huge-potential-across-region Accessed 28 June 2019.
- CBI (Climate Bonds Initiative), 2019c. Nigeria: Access Bank 1st Certified Corporate Green Bond in Africa: Leadership in Green Finance. https://www.climatebonds.net/2019/04/nigeria-access-bank-1st-certified-corporate-green-bond-africa-leadership-green-finance Accessed 10 November 2019.
- Condor, J, Unatrakarna, D, Asghari, K & Wilson, M, 2011. Current status of CCS initiatives in the major emerging economies. Energy Procedia 4, 6125–32. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.620
- DEFF (Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries), 2011. Financing climate change. https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/docs/financing_climate_change.pdf Accessed 15 November 2019.
- Dioha, MO, Emodi, NV & Dioha, EC, 2019. Pathways for low carbon Nigeria in 2050 by using NECAL2050. Renewable Energy Focus 29, 63–77. doi: 10.1016/j.ref.2019.02.004
- Dionne, KY & Horowitz, J, 2016. The political effects of agricultural subsidies in Africa: Evidence from Malawi. World Development 87, 215–26. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.06.011
- Doval, E & Negulescu, O, 2014. A model of green investments approach. Procedia Economics and Finance 15, 847–52. doi: 10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00545-0
- Elum, ZA & Momodu, AS, 2017. Climate change mitigation and renewable energy for sustainable development in Nigeria: A discourse approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 76, 72–80. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.040
- ESI Africa, 2018. City of Cape Town scoops green bond of the year. https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/business-and-markets/city-of-cape-town-scoops-green-bond-of-the-year/ Accessed 15 November 2019.
- ESI Africa, 2019. Nigeria moves to its second green bond issuance. https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/finance-and-policy/nigeria-moves-to-its-second-green-bond-issuance/ Accessed 10 June 2019.
- Fertig, M, Schmidt, CM & Sinning, MG, 2009. The impact of demographic change on human capital accumulation. Labour Economics 16, 659–68. doi: 10.1016/j.labeco.2009.08.005
- Figueres, C, 2016. The power of policy: Reinforcing the Paris trajectory. Global Policy 7(3), 448–9. doi: 10.1111/1758-5899.12369
- Figueres, C & Streck, C, 2009. The evolution of the CDM in a post-2012 climate agreement. The Journal of Environment and Development 18(3), 227–47. doi: 10.1177/1070496509337908
- Filho, WL, Balogun, AL, Ayal, DY, Bethurem, EM, Murambadoro, M, Mambo, J, Taddese, H, Tefera, GW, Nagy, GJ, Fudjumdjum, H & Mugabe, P, 2018. Strengthening climate change adaptation capacity in Africa – case studies from six major African cities and policy implications. Environmental Sciences and Policy 86, 29–37. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2018.05.004
- Fonta, WM, Ayuk ET & van Huysen, T, 2018. Africa and the green climate fund: Current challenges and future opportunities. Climate Policy 18(9), 1210–25. doi: 10.1080/14693062.2018.1459447
- GBPK (Green Bonds Programme Kenya), 2017. Green Bonds Kenya. https://www.greenbondskenya.co.ke/ Accessed 5 June 2019.
- GESIP (Green Economy Strategy and Implementation Plan), 2016. Kenya Green Economy Strategy and Implementation Plan 2016–2030. http://www.greengrowthknowledge.org/national-documents/kenya-green-economy-strategy-and-implementation-plan-2016-2030 Accessed 5 June 2019.
- Gianfrate, G & Peri, M, 2019. The green advantage: Exploring the convenience of issuing green bonds. Journal of Cleaner Production 219, 127–35. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.022
- Glomsrod, S & Wei, T, 2018. Business as unusual: The implications of fossil divestment and green bonds for financial flows, economic growth and energy market. Energy for Sustainable Development 44, 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.esd.2018.02.005
- Greyling, JC, Vink, N & Mabaya, E, 2015. South Africa’s agricultural sector twenty years after democracy (1994 to 2013). Professional Agricultural Workers Journal 3(1), 1–14.
- GrowthPoint Properties, 2018. Appendix A: GrowthPoint Properties Green Bond Framework. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://growthpoint.co.za/environmental-sustainability/green-bond Accessed 5 May 2019.
- Guha, A, 2019. Green Bonds: Key to Fighting Climate Change? ORF Issue Brief No. 321. 1–13. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336881064_Green_Bonds_Key_to_Fighting_Climate_Change/link/5db88459a6fdcc2128eb920b/download Accessed 12 November 2019.
- Hainaut, H & Cochran, I, 2018. The Landscape of domestic climate investment and finance flows: Methodological lessons from five years of application in France. International Economics 155, 69–83. doi: 10.1016/j.inteco.2018.06.002
- Harvey, D, 1995. Globalisation in question. Journal of Economics, Culture and Society 8(4), 1–17.
- Hayter, R & Patchell, J, 2015. Economic geography: An institutional approach. 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
- ICMA (International Capital Markets Association), 2015. Green Bond Principles, 2015. https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Regulatory/Green-Bonds/GBP_2015_27-March Accessed 15 July 2019.
- ICMA (International Capital Markets Association), 2018. Green Bond Principles: Voluntary process guidelines for issuing Green Bonds. https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Regulatory/Green-Bonds/June-2018/Green-Bond-Principles---June-2018-140618-WEB.pdf Accessed 24 February 2020.
- ICMA (International Capital Markets Association), 2019. Green, Social and Sustainability bonds. https://www.icmagroup.org/green-social-and-sustainability-bonds/ Accessed 10 November 2019.
- IFC (International Finance Corporation), 2018. Emerging Market Green Bonds Report 2018: A consolidation year paving the way for growth. https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/9e8a7c68-5bec-40d1-8bb4-a0212fa4bfab/Amundi-IFC-Research-Paper-2018.pdf?MOD=AJPERES Accessed 12 November 2019.
- IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2018. Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C. https://www.ipcc.ch/2018/10/08/summary-for-policymakers-of-ipcc-special-report-on-global-warming-of-1-5c-approved-by-governments/ Accessed 5 May 2019.
- JSE (Johannesburg Stock Exchange), 2017. JSE launches Green Bond segment fund low-carbon projects. https://www.jse.co.za/articles/Pages/JSE-launches-Green-Bond-segment-to-fund-low-carbon-projects.aspx Accessed 24 February 2020.
- JSE (Johannesburg Stock Exchange), 2019. Nedbank Green Bond listed on the JSE. https://www.jse.co.za/articles/Pages/Nedbank-Limited-lists-a-Green-Bond-on-the-Johannesburg-Stock-Exchange-(JSE).aspx Accessed 25 May 2019.
- Kemi, AO, 2019. Nigeria’s economy challenges: Causes and way forward. Journal of Economics and Finance 10(2), 78–82.
- KPMG, 2018. Nigeria’s oil and gas outlook and Nigerian content. https://home.kpmg/ng/en/home/insights/2018/11/The-KPMG-Guide-Nigeria%E2%80%99s-Oil-and-Gas-Outlook-Nigerian-Content.html Accessed 27 May 2019.
- Lexology, 2017. Green bonds and the emergence of sustainable finance in the Nigerian capital market. https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=c402f0e6-471b-41b8-b161-40feabf01804 Accessed 5 May 2019.
- London Stock Exchange, 2018. London Stock Exchange Africa Advisory Group: Developing the green bond market in Africa. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.lseg.com/documents/africa-greenfinancing-mwv10-pdf&ved Accessed 26 June 2019.
- Magale, E, 2018. Experts’ opinion on challenges facing the development of green bonds on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Masters thesis, University of Cape Town.
- Malecki, EJ, 2017. Real people, virtual places, and the spaces in between. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 58, 3–12. doi: 10.1016/j.seps.2016.10.008
- McDowell, G, Huggel, C, Frey, H, Wang, FM, Cramer, K & Ricciardi, V, 2019. Adaptation action and research in glaciated mountain systems: Are they enough to meet the challenge of climate change? Global Environmental Change 54, 19–30. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.10.012
- McKinsey, 2015. East Africa: The next hub for apparel sourcing? https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/east-africa-the-next-hub-for-apparel-sourcing Accessed 10 August 2019.
- Moid, S, 2017. Green bonds: Country experiences, challenges and opportunities. Rajagiri Management Journal 11(2), 1–17.
- Moody’s, 2017a. Moody's Assigns GB1 (Excellent) Green Bond Assessment to the City of Cape Town Green Notes. https://www.moodys.com/research/Moodys-Assigns-GB1-Excellent-Green-Bond-Assessment-to-the-City–PR_368194 Accessed 19 November 2019.
- Moody’s, 2017b. Moody's Investors Service Assigns GB1 (Excellent) Green Bond Assessment to the Government of Nigeria's Green Notes. https://www.moodys.com/research/Moodys-Investors-Service-Assigns-GB1-Excellent-Green-Bond-Assessment-to–PR_375611 Accessed 19 November 2019.
- Nanayakkara, M & Colombage, S, 2019. Do investors in green bond market pay a premium? Global evidence. Applied Economics 10, 159–61.
- National Climate Change Response White Paper, 2011. https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/legislations/national_climatechange_response_whitepaper.pdf Accessed 12 June 2019.
- Nigerian Stock Exchange, 2018. Green Bonds. http://www.nse.com.ng/products/debt-instruments/green-bonds Accessed 19 November 2019.
- Olofin, SO, Olubusoye, OE, Mordi, CNO, Salisu, AA, Adeleke, AI, Orekoya, SO, Olowookere, AE & Adebiyi, MA, 2014. A small macroeconometric model of the Nigerian economy. Economic Modelling 39, 305–13. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2014.03.003
- OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), 2016. OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin. https://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/publications/ASB2016.pdf Accessed 10 June 2019.
- Paranque, B & Revelli, C, 2019. Ethico-economic analysis of impact finance: The case of green bonds. Research in International Business and Finance 47, 57–66. doi: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.12.003
- Pedo, MO, Kabare, K & Makori, M, 2018. Effects of public private partnerships frameworks on performance of public private partnership road projects in Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business and Change Management 5(1), 60–87.
- Penco, L, 2015. The development of the successful city in the knowledge economy: Toward the dual role of consumer hub and knowledge hub. Journal of the Knowledge Economy 6, 818–37. doi: 10.1007/s13132-013-0149-4
- Pham, L, 2016. Is it risky to go green? A volatility analysis of the green bond market. Journal of Sustainable Finance and Investment 6(4), 263–91. doi: 10.1080/20430795.2016.1237244
- Poon, JPH, Tan, GKS & Yin, W, 2015. Wage inequality between financial hubs and periphery. Applied Geography 61, 47–57. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.12.023
- Reboredo, JC, 2018. Green bond and financial markets: Co-movement, diversification and price spillover effects. Energy Economics 74, 38–50. doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2018.05.030
- Reuters, 2019. Kenya approves issuance of first green bond. https://www.reuters.com/article/kenya-bonds-green/kenya-approves-issuance-of-first-green-bond-idUSL8N25B1TQ Accessed 15 November 2019.
- Scholvin, S & Draper, P, 2012. The gateway to Africa? Geography and South Africa’s role as an economic hinge joint between Africa and the world. South African Journal of International Affairs 19 (3), 381–400. doi: 10.1080/10220461.2012.740321
- Senyolo, MP, Long, TB, Blok, V & Omta, O, 2018. How the characteristics of innovations impact their adoption: An exploration of climate-smart agricultural innovations in South Africa. Journal of Cleaner Production 172, 3825–40. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.019
- Skogen, K, Helland, H & Kaltenborn, B, 2018. Concern about climate change, biodiversity loss, habitat degradation and landscape change: Embedded in different packages of environmental concern? Journal for Nature Conservation 44, 12–20. doi: 10.1016/j.jnc.2018.06.001
- South Africa’s Draft National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, 2019. https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/DEA-Draft-climate-change-adaptation-strategy.pdf Accessed 12 June 2019.
- Steffen, W, Crutzen, PJ & McNeill, JR, 2007. The anthropocene: Are humans now overwhelming the great forces of nature AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 36, 614–21. doi: 10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[614:TAAHNO]2.0.CO;2
- Szulczewski, M, MacMinn, CW, Herzog, HJ & Juanes, R, 2012. Lifetime of carbon capture and storage as a climate-change mitigation technology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, 5185–9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1115347109
- S&P Global, 2019. S&P Ratings forecasts moderate green bond market growth in 2019. https://www.spsglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/trending/P9Lq4MCmw-HL6iMRUKgEHG2 Accessed 28 June 2019.
- Taghizadeh-Hesary, F & Yoshino, N, 2019. The way to induce private participation in green finance and investment. Finance Research Letters 31, 98–103. doi: 10.1016/j.frl.2019.04.016
- Tobin, P, Schmidt NM, Tosun, J & Burns, C, 2018. Mapping states’ Paris climate pledges: Analysing targets and groups at COP21. Global Environmental Change 48, 11–21. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.11.002
- UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), 2018. Economic Development in Africa Report 2018. https://unctad.org≥edar2018_ch6_en Accessed 7 June 2019.
- UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), 2019. Green Bonds. https://www.sdfinance.undp.org/content/sdfinance/en/home/solutions/green-bonds/ Accessed 23 May 2019.
- Warf, B, 2015. Global cities, cosmopolitanism, and geographies of tolerance. Urban Geography 36(6), 927–46. doi: 10.1080/02723638.2015.1067408
- World Bank, 2015. What are Green Bonds? http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/554231525378003380/publicationpensionfundservicegreenbonds201712-rev.pdf Accessed 25 May 2019.
- World Bank, 2018. Kenya Economic Update. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/766271538749794576/pdf/Kenya-Economic-Update-18-FINAL.pdf Accessed 19 November 2019.
- World Resource Institute, 2019. Multilateral Development Bank Climate Finance in 2018: The Good, the Bad and the Urgent. https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/06/multilateral-development-bank-climate-finance-2018-good-bad-and-urgent Accessed 7 June 2019.