Small-scale fishing: Income, vulnerability and livelihood strategies at Lake Itezhi-Tezhi, Zambia

References

• Adger, WN, Brooks, N, Bentham, G & Agnew, M, 2004. New indicators of vulnerability and adaptive capacity. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research Technical Paper No. 7. University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Allison, EH & Ellis, F, 2001. The livelihoods approach and management of small-scale fisheries. Marine Policy 25(5), 377–88. doi: 10.1016/S0308-597X(01)00023-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison, EH & Horemans, B, 2006. Putting the principles of the sustainable livelihoods approach into fisheries development policy and practice. Marine Policy 30(6), 757–66. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2006.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvi, HM, 2016. A Manual for selecting sampling techniques in research. Munich Personal RePEc Archive Paper No. 70218. Munich Univesity, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Babbie, E, & Mouton, J, 2001. The practice of social research. Oxford University Press Southern Africa Ltd, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Belhabib, D, Sumaila, UR & Pauly, D, 2015. Feeding the poor: contribution of West African fisheries to employment and food security. Ocean and Coastal Management 111, 72–81. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Béné, C, Neiland, A, Jolley, T, Ovie, S, Sule, O, Ladu, B, Mandjimba K, Belal, E, Tiotsop, F, Baba, M, Dara, L, Zakara, A, & Quensiere, J, 2003. Inland fisheries poverty, and rural livelihoods in the Lake Chad Basin. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 38(1), 17–51. doi: 10.1177/002190960303800102
   Google Scholar
• Béné, C, 2003. When fishery rhymes with poverty: A first step beyond the old paradigm on poverty. World Development 31(6), 949–75. doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00045-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Béné, C, 2006. Small-scale fisheries: assessing their contribution to rural livelihood in developing countries. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 1008. Rome.
   Google Scholar
• Béné, C, 2009. Are fisheries poor or vulnerable? Assessing economic vulnerability in small-scale fishing communities. Journal of Development Studies 45(6), 911–33. doi: 10.1080/00220380902807395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Béné, C & Friend, RM, 2011. Poverty in small-scale fisheries: Old issue, new analysis. Progress in Development Studies 11(2), 119–144. doi: 10.1177/146499341001100203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Béné, C & Heck, S, 2005. Fish and food security in Africa. NAGA. WorldFish Center Quarterly 28, 8–13.
   Google Scholar
• Béné, C, Emma, B, Baba, MO, Ovie, S, Raji, A, Malasha, I, Andi, MN & Russell, A, 2008. Governance, decentralisation, and co-management: lessons from Africa. In AL Shriver (Ed.), 14th IIFET Proceedings, July 22–25th (pp. 1–11).: Achieving a sustainable future: managing aquaculture, fishing, trade and development, Oregon, Nha Trang, Vietnam.
   Google Scholar
• Béné, C, Steel, E, Luadia, BK & Gordon, A, 2009. Fish as the “bank in the water” - Evidence from chronic-poor communities in Congo. Food Policy 34(3), 108–18. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.07.001
   Google Scholar
• Binet, T, Failler, P & Thorpe, A, 2012. Migration of Senegalese fishers: a case for a regional approach to management.”. Maritime Studies 11, 1–14. doi: 10.1186/2212-9790-11-1
   Google Scholar
• Bless, C, Higson-Smith, C & Sithole, SL, 2013. Fundamentals of social research methods: an African perspective. 5th ed. Juta and Company Ltd, Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Borrini-Feyerabend, G, Dudley, N, Jaeger, T, Lassen, B, Broome, NP, Phillips, A, & Sandwith, T, 2013. Governance of Protected Areas: From understanding to action. Gland, IUCN Best Practice Protected Area Guideline Series No. 20, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• Charles, A, 2011. Good practices in the governance of small-scale fisheries, with a focus on rights-based approaches. In R Chuenpagdee (Ed.), World small-scale fisheries contemporary visions. Delft. Eburon Academic Publishers, The Netherland. pp 285–98.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, JW, 2014. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 4th ed. SAGE Publications, London, UK.
   Google Scholar
• CSO (Central Statistics Office), 2014. 2010 Census of population and housing - Southern Province Analytical Report, Central Statistics Office, Lusaka, Zambia.
   Google Scholar
• De Graaf, G, Bartley, DM, Valbo-Jorgensen, J & Marmulla, G, 2015. The scale of inland fisheries, can we do better? Alternative approaches for assessment. Fisheries Management and Ecology 22, 64–70. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00844.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Satgé, R, 2002. Learning about livelihoods: Insights from Southern Africa. Periperi Publication, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• DFID (Department for International Development), 1999. Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. http://www.livelihoodscentre.org/documents/20720/ (Accessed on 21 March 2017).
   Google Scholar
• DoF (Department of Fisheries), 2014a. 2013 Annual Report, Department of Fisheries, Chilanga, Zambia.
   Google Scholar
• DoF (Department of Fisheries), 2014b. Frame survey report on Lake Itezhi-tezhi, Department of Fisheries, Zambia, Itezhi-tezhi, Zambia
   Google Scholar
• DoF (Department of Fisheries), 2015. 2014 Fisheries Statistics Annual Report, Department of Fisheries, Chilanga, Zambia
   Google Scholar
• Donda, S, 2017. Who benefits from fisheries co-management? A case study in Lake Chiuta, Malawi. Marine Policy 80, 147–53. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2016.10.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation), 2009. A Fishery manager’s guidebook. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, UK, Rome.
   Google Scholar
• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation), 2015. Voluntary guidelines for securing sustainable small-scale fisheries in the context of food security and poverty eradication. FAO, Rome.
   Google Scholar
• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation), 2016. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2016 - contributing to food security and nutrition for all. FAO, Rome.
   Google Scholar
• Ghosh, BN, 1992. Scientific method and social research (3rd edn). Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
   Google Scholar
• Godet, F & Pfister, S, 2007. Case study on the Itezhi-tezhi and the Kafue Gorge Dam. The science and politics of international water management, SS 07. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich.
   Google Scholar
• Government of Zambia, 2011. The Fisheries Act of 2011, No. 22. Zambia. http://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/The Fisheries Act%2C 2011.pdf. (Accessed on 14 June 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Haambiya, L, Kaunda, E, Likongwe, J, Kambewa, D & Muyangali, K, 2015. Local-scale governance: A review of the Zambian approach to fisheries management. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 5(2), 82–91.
   Google Scholar
• Harper, S, Grubb, C, Stiles, M, Sumaila, UR, Harper, S, Grubb, C & Sumaila, UR, 2017. Contributions by women to fisheries economies: Insights from five maritime countries. Coastal Management 45(2), 91–106. doi: 10.1080/08920753.2017.1278143
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauzer, M, Dearden, P & Murray, G, 2013. The fisherwomen of Ngazidja island, Comoros: fisheries livelihoods, impacts, and implications for management. Fisheries Research 140, 28–35. doi: 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huchzermeyer, CF, 2013. Fish and Fisheries of Bangweulu Wetlands, Zambia. MSc Thesis, Rhodes University, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• IOM (International Organisation for Migration), 2010. Regional assessment on HIV-prevention needs of migrants and mobile populations in Southern Africa. IOM, Pretoria.
   Google Scholar
• Isaacs, M, 2012. Recent progress in understanding small-scale fisheries in Southern Africa. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 4(3), 338–43. doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2012.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadfak, A, 2019. More than just fishing: The formation of livelihood strategies in an urban fishing community in Mangaluru, India. Journal of Development Studies, https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2019.1650168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kébé, M & Muir, J, 2008. The sustainable livelihoods approach: New directions in West and Central African small-scale fisheries. In Achieving poverty reduction through responsible fisheries. Lessons from West and Central Africa. Part 2 (pp. 5–84).
   Google Scholar
• Kefi, AS & Mofya-Mukuka, R, 2015. The fisheries sector in Zambia : status, management, and challenges. Indaba Agriculture Policy Research Institute Technical Paper No. 3, Zambia.
   Google Scholar
• Kleiber, D, Harris, LM & Vincent, ACJ, 2015. Gender and small-scale fisheries: a case for counting women and beyond. Fish and Fisheries 16(4), 547–62. doi: 10.1111/faf.12075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohn, LT, 1997. Methods in case study analysis. The Center for Studying Health System Change, Technical Publication No. 2. Washington DC.
   Google Scholar
• Lawrence, TJ, 2015. Investigating the challenges and successes of community participation in the fishery co-management program of Lake Victoria, East Africa. PhD Thesis. University of Michigan, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Levine, S, 2014. How to study livelihoods: Bringing a sustainable livelihoods framework to life. Working Paper 22, ODI, London, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Lundström, L & Nordlund, S, 2016. Exploring co-management: a minor field study on Lake Victoria Beach. BSc Thesis, Linköpings University, Sweden.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, AJ, Cowx, IG, Fluet-chouinard, E, Glaser, SM, Phang, SC, Beard, TD, Bowerf, SD, Brooksf, JL, Bunnellg, DB, Claussenh, JE, Cookef, SJ, Kaoi, Y-C, Lorenzenj, K, Myersa, BJE, Reidf, AJ, Taylorf, JJ & Youni, S, 2017. Inland fisheries – Invisible but integral to the UN sustainable development agenda for ending poverty by 2030. Global Environmental Change 47, 167–73. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.10.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, C, Brown, G, Cooper, N, & Brill, L, 2009. The sustainable livelihoods handbook: an asset-based approach to poverty. UK: Church Action on Poverty/Oxfam GB.
   Google Scholar
• McClanahan, T, Allison, EH & Cinner, JE, 2015. Managing fisheries for human and food security. Fish and Fisheries 16(1), 78–103. doi: 10.1111/faf.12045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh, ML, 2013. The Chi-square test of independence lessons in biostatistics. Biochemia Medica 23(2), 143–9. doi: 10.11613/BM.2013.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills, D, Béné, C, Ovie, S, Tafida, A, Sinaba, F, Kodio, A, Russell, A, Andrew, N, Morand, P & Lemoalle, J, 2011. Vulnerability in the African small-scale fishing communities. Journal of International Development 23, 308–13. doi: 10.1002/jid.1638
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neiland, AE, Madakan, SP & Béné, C, 2005a. Traditional management systems, poverty and change in the arid zone fisheries of Northern Nigeria. Journal of Agrarian Change 5(1), 117–148. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0366.2004.00096.x
   Google Scholar
• Neiland, EA, Chimatiro, S, Khalifa, U, Ladu, BMB & Nyeko, D, 2005b. Inland fisheries in Africa. NEAPD-Fish for All Summit.Technical Review Paper Abuja, Nigeria.
   Google Scholar
• Ngoma, PG, 2010. The welfare value of inland small-scale floodplain fisheries of the Zambezi River Basin. PhD Thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Njock, J & Westlund, L, 2008. Understanding the mobility of fishing people and the challenge of migration to devolved fisheries management. In: Westlund, L, Holvoet, K, & Kébé, M. Achieving Poverty Reduction through Responsible Fisheries. Lessons from West and Central Africa. Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 513. FAO, Rome.
   Google Scholar
• Nunan, F, Cepić, D, Mbilingi, B, Odongkara, K, Yongo, E, Owili, M, Salehe, M, Mlahagwa, E & Onyango, P, 2018. Community cohesion: social and economic ties in the personal networks of fisherfolk. Society and Natural Resources 31(3), 306–19. doi: 10.1080/08941920.2017.1383547
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunan, F, Hara, M & Onyango, P, 2015. Institutions and co-management in East African inland and Malawi fisheries: A critical perspective. World Development 70, 203–214. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.01.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogutu-Ohwayo, R & Balirwa, JS, 2006. Management challenges of freshwater fisheries in Africa. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management 11(4), 215–26. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1770.2006.00312.x
   Google Scholar
• Onyango, PO, 2011. Occupation of last resort? small-scale fishing in Lake Victoria, Tanzania. In S Jentoft & A Eide (Eds.), Poverty mosaics: Realities and prospects in small-scale fisheries (pp. 97–124). Springer, Dordrecht.
   Google Scholar
• SADC (Southern Africa Development Community), 2016. The SADC protocol on fisheries: Focus on the Zambian fisheries Sector. SADC Fisheries Fact Sheet, Vol. 1., Botswana.
   Google Scholar
• Schram, AB, 2014. A mixed methods content analysis of the research literature in science education. International Journal of Science Education 36(15), 2619–2638. doi: 10.1080/09500693.2014.908328
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scoones, I, 1998. Sustainable rural livelihoods: A framework for analysis. IDS Working Paper No.72. Institute of Development Studies, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Sheatsley, PB, 1983. Questionnaire Construction and Item Writing. In P. H. Rossi, J. D. Wright, & A. B. Anderson (Eds.), Handbook of Survey Research. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Shi, F, 2015. Study on a stratified sampling investigation method for resident travel and the sampling rate. Hindawi - Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015, 1–7. doi: 10.1155/2015/496179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sililo, AM, 2016. Institutions and human mobility in an African river fishery: a case study of fishing camps on the Kafue Flats, Zambia. MSc Thesis, Monash University, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), 2008. SPSS regression 17.0. SPSS Incorporated, Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Sulu, RJ, Eriksson, H, Schwarz, AM, Andrew, NL, Orirana, G, Sukulu, M, Oetal, J, Harohau1, DS, Sibiti, S, Toritela, A & Beare, D, 2015. Livelihoods and fisheries governance in a contemporary Pacific Island setting. PLoS ONE 10(11), 1–23. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143516
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SWECO (Swedish Consultants), 1971. Kafue River Hydro-electric power development stage II Report. Sweden.
   Google Scholar
• UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), 2015. Sustainable Development Goals. UN. https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html (Accessed on 22 July 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Weeratunge, N, Béné, C, Siriwardane, R, Charles, A, Johnson, D, Allison, EH, Nayak, PK & Badjeck, MC, 2014. Small-scale fisheries through the wellbeing lens. Fish and Fisheries 15(2), 255–79. doi: 10.1111/faf.12016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welcomme, RL, Cowx, IG, Coates, D, Béné, C, Funge-Smith, S, Halls, A & Lorenzen, K, 2010. Inland capture fisheries. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 365(1554), 2881–96. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuerlita, 2013. Livelihoods and fishing strategies of small-scale fishing households faced with resource decline: a case study of Singkarak Lake, West Sumatra, Indonesia. PhD Thesis. Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand.
   Google Scholar