References
- Adisa, Olumide, 2015. Investigating determinants of catastrophic health spending among poorly insured elderly households in Urban Nigeria. International Journal for Equity in Health 14(1), 79. doi:10.1186/s12939-015-0188-5.
- Akinkugbe, OluyeleMirriam Chama-Chiliba, Chitalu & Tlotlego, Naomi, 2012. Health financing and catastrophic payments for health care: Evidence from household-level survey data in Botswana and Lesotho. African Development Review 24(4), 358–70. doi:10.1111/1467-8268.12006.
- Ataguba, JE, 2016. Assessing equitable health financing for universal health coverage: A case study of South Africa. Applied Economics 48(35), 3293–306. doi:10.1080/00036846.2015.1137549.
- Ataguba, JEDay, C & McIntyre, D, 2015. Explaining the role of the social determinants of health on health inequality in South Africa. Global Health Action 8(1), 1–11. doi:10.3402/gha.v8.28865.
- Ataguba, JE & McIntyre, D, 2012. Paying for and receiving benefits from health services in South Africa: Is the health system equitable. Health Policy and Planning 27, 35–45. doi:10.1093/heapol/czs005.
- Barros, AJDBastos, JL & Damaso, AH, 2011. Catastrophic spending on health care in Brazil: Private health insurance does not seem to be the solution. Cad Saude Publica 27(2), 254–62. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2011001400012.
- Blinder, A, 1973. Wage discrimination: Reduced form and structural estimates. Journal of Human Resources 8(4), 436–55. doi:10.2307/144855.
- Brinda, Ethel MaryKowal, PaulAttermann, Jörn & Enemark, Ulrika, 2015. Health service use, out-of-pocket payments and catastrophic health expenditure among older people in india: The WHO study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 69(5), 489–94. https://jech.bmj.com/content/69/5/489.long.
- Brink, AS & Koch, Steven F, 2015. Did primary healthcare user fee abolition matter? Reconsidering South Africa's experience. Development Southern Africa 32(2), 170–92. doi:10.1080/0376835X.2014.984373.
- Burger, RonelleBredenkamp, CarynGrobler, Christelle & van der Berg, Servaas, 2012. Have public health spending and access in South Africa become more equitable since the end of apartheid? Development Southern Africa 29(5), 681–703. doi:10.1080/0376835X.2012.730971.
- Burger, Ronelle & Christian, C, 2018. Access to health care in post-apartheid South Africa: Availability, affordability, acceptability. Health Economics, Policy and Law 15, 43–55. doi:10.1017/S1744133118000300.
- Choi, JWChoi, JWKim, JHYoo, KB & Park, EC, 2015. Association between chronic disease and catastrophic health expenditures in Korea. BMC Health Services Research 15, 26. doi:10.1186/s12913-014-0675-1.
- Doubova, Svetlana VPérez-Cuevas, RicardoCanning, David & Reich, Michael R, 2015. Access to health care and financial risk protection for older adults in Mexico: Secondary data analysis of a national survey. BMJ Open 5(7). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007877.
- Fernando, D, 2000. Health care systems in transition III: Sri Lanka, part I: An overview of Sri Lanka's health care system. Journal of Public Health Medicine 22(1), 14–20. doi:10.1093/pubmed/22.1.14.
- Ghiasvand, HShabaninejad, HArab, M & Rashidian, A, 2014. Hospitalization and catastrophic medical payment: Evidence from hospitals located in Tehran. Archives of Iranian Medicine 17(7), 507–13. http://www.aimjournal.ir/PDF/51_july2014_0012.pdf?t=636766826769135070.
- Grossman, M, 1972. The demand for health: A theoretical and empirical investigation. New York, Columbia University Press, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/gros17900.
- Grossman, M, 2000. Chapter 7 – the human capital model. Handbook of Health Economics 1, 348–408. doi:10.1016/S1574-0064(00)80166-3
- Hwang, WWeller, WIreys, H & Anderson, G, 2001. Out-of-pocket medical spending for care of chronic conditions. Health Affairs 20(6), 267–78. http://www.partnershipforsolutions.org/DMS/files/Out-of-pocket2002.pdf.
- Kakwani, NC, 1976. Measurement of tax progressivity: An international comparison. The Economic Journal 87, 71–80. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2231833.
- Klavus, J, 2001. Statistical inference of progressivity dominance: An application to health care financing distribution. Journal of Health Economics 20, 363–77. doi:10.1016/S0167-6296(00)00084-9.
- Koch, Steven F, 2018. Catastrophic health payments: Does the equivalence scale matter? Health Policy and Planning 33(8), 966–73. doi:10.1093/heapol/czy072.
- Koch, Steven F & Racine, JS, 2016. Health facility and user fee abolition: Regression discontinuity in a multinomial choice setting. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 179(4), 927–50. https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/rssa.12161.
- Koch, Steven F & Setshegetso, Naomi, 2020a. Progressivity of out-of-pocket payments and its determinants decomposed over time. University of Pretoria, Department of Economics, Working Paper 2020112.
- Koch, Steven F & Setshegetso, Naomi, 2020b. Catastrophic health expenditures arising from out-of-pocket payments: Evidence from South African income and expenditure surveys. PloS One 15(8), 1–14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237217.
- Leibbrandt, Murray & Levinsohn, James, 2011. Fifteen years on: Household incomes in South Africa. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 16661. http://www.nber.org/papers/w16661.
- Leibbrandt, MurrayLevinsohn, James & McCrary, Justin, 2005. Incomes in South Africa since the fall of apartheid. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 11384. http://www.nber.org/papers/w11384.
- Leibbrandt, MurrayWoolard, IFinn, A & Argent, J, 2010. Trends in South African income distribution and poverty since the fall of apartheid. OECD Social, Employment; Migration Working Papers. https://doi.org/10.1787/5kmms0t7p1ms-en.
- Leibbrandt, Murray & Woolard, Ingrid, 1999. A comparison of poverty in South Africa's nine provinces. Development Southern Africa 16(1), 37–54. doi:10.1080/03768359908440060.
- May, JCarter, M & Posel, D, 1995. The composition and persistence of poverty in rural South Africa: An entitlements approach. Land; Agriculture Policy Centre Policy Paper No. 15. Land; Agriculture Policy Centre.
- Mwenge, F, 2010. Progressivity and determinants of out-of-pocket health care financing in Zambia. Master's thesis, Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health; Family Medicine, University of Cape Town. https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/12369/thesis_hsf_2010_mwenge_f.pdf?sequence=1.
- Ntuli, MChitiga-Mabugu, MKaruaihe, SAlaba, FTsoanamatsie, T & Kwenda, P, 2016. Gender inequalities in morbidity: A south african investigation. Journal of Studies in Econmics and Econometrics 40(3), 39–64.
- O'Donnell, Owenvan Doorslaer, EddyRannan-Eliya, Ravi PSomanathan, AparnaaGarg, Charu CHanvoravongchai, PiyaHuq, Mohammed NKaran, ALeung, GMTin, K & Vasavid, C, 2005. Explaining the incidence of catastrophic expenditures on health care: Comparative evidence from Asia. EQUITAP Project, Working Paper No.5. http://www.equitap.org/publications/docs/EquitapWP5.pdf.
- O'Donnell, Owenvan Doorslaer, EddyWagstaff, Adam & Lindelow, Magnus, 2008. Analyzing health equity using household survey data: A guide to techniques and their implementation. World Bank. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPAH/Resources/Publications/459843-1195594469249/HealthEquityFINAL.pdf.
- Oaxaca, R, 1973. Male-female wage differentials in Urban labor markets. International Economic Review 14(3), 693–709. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2525981.
- Omotoso, Kehinde O & Koch, Steven F, 2018. Assessing changes in social determinants of health inequalities in South Africa: A decomposition analysis. International Journal for Equity in Health 17(1), 181. doi:10.1186/s12939-018-0885-y.
- Onwujekwe, OEUzochukwu, BSCObikeze, ENOkoronkwo, IOchonwa, OGOnoka, CAMadubuko, G & Okoli, C, 2010. Investigating determinants of out-of-pocket spending and strategies for coping with payments for health care in South-East Nigeria. BMC Health Services Research 10, 67. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-67.
- Oyinpreye, AT & Moses, KT, 2014. Determinants of out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure in South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management 3, 6. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/756c/96945352364b4413cb1117fb677b55efc30c.pdf.
- Pallegedara, A & Grimm, M, 2018. Have out-of-pocket health care payments risen under free health care policy? The case of Sri Lanka. International Journal of Health Planning and Management 33, 781–797. doi:10.1002/hpm.2535.
- Plat, Didier, 2012. Ic2: Inequality and concentration indices and curves. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=IC2.
- R Core Team, 2020. R: A kanguage and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.
- Rahman, Md. MizanurGilmour, StuartSaito, EikoSultana, Papia & Shibuya, Kenji, 2013. Health-related financial catastrophe, inequality and chronic illness in Bangladesh. PloS One 8(2), e56873. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056873.
- Setshegetso, Naomi, 2020. Financial risk protection, decomposition and inequality analysis of household out-of-pocket health payments. PhD thesis, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economic; Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
- Statistics South Africa, 2008a. Income and expenditure survey 2005/06: Statistical release P0100. Statistics South Africa. http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0100/P01002005.pdf.
- Statistics South Africa, 2008b. Income and expenditure survey 2005–2006 [Dataset]. Version 2.1. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa [producer], 2008. Cape Town: DataFirst [distributor], 2013. https://doi.org/10.25828/05vp-vh12.
- Statistics South Africa, 2008c. Income and expendituresurvey 2005/2006: Metadata. Statistics South Africa, Report No P01001. https://www.datafirst.uct.ac.za/dataportal/index.php/catalog/331/download/4920.
- Statistics South Africa, 2012a. Income and expenditure of households 2010/2011: Metadata. [Report No. P01000. Statistics South Africa. https://www.datafirst.uct.ac.za/dataportal/index.php/catalog/316/download/7228.
- Statistics South Africa, 2012b. Ncome and expenditure survey 2010-2011 [Dataset]. Version 1. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa [producer], 2012. Cape Town: DataFirst [distributor], 2013. https://doi.org/10.25828/00c9-rz92.
- Su, TTKouyate, B & Flessa, S, 2006. Catastrophic health expenditures for health care in a low-income society: A study from Nouna district, burkina faso. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 84, 21–27. https://scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862006000100010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en.
- Wagstaff, Adam, 2000. Research on equity, poverty and health outcomes. https://siteresources.worldbank.org/HEALTHNUTRITIONANDPOPULATION/Resources/281627-1095698140167/Wagstaff-ResearchOn-whole.pdf.
- Wagstaff, Adam & van Doorslaer, Eddy, 2003. Catastrophe and impoverishment in paying for health care: With applications to Vietnam 1993–1998. Health Economics 12, 921–34. doi:10.1002/hec.776.
- Wagstaff, Adamvan Doorslaer, Eddy & Watanabe, N, 2003. On decomposing the causes of health sector inequalities with an application to malnutrition inequalities in Vietnam. Journal of Econometrics 112(1), 207–23. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/19426.
- Wang, ZLi, X & Chen, M, 2015. Catastrophic health expenditures and its inequality in elderly households with chronic disease patients in China. International Journal of Equity in Health 14, 8. doi:10.1186/s12939-015-0134-6
- World Health Organization, 2008. Closing the gap in generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Geneva, WHO, 2008. Available at: http://www.who.int/social_determinants/thecommission/finalreport/en/index.html. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43943/9789241563703_eng.pdf?sequence=1.
- Xu, Ke, 2005. Distribution of health payments and catastrophic expenditures methodology. World Health Organisation, Discussion paper number 2. https://www.who.int/health_financing/documents/dp_e_05_2-distribution_of_health_payments.pdf.
- Xu, Ke & Saskena, P, 2011. The determinants of health expenditures: A country-level panel data analysis. Geneva, World Health Organization, https://www.r4d.org/wp-content/uploads/TransitionsInHealthFinancing_DeterminantsofExpenditures.pdf.
- You, X & Kobayashi, Y, 2011. Determinants of out-of-pocket health expenditure in China. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 9(1), 39–49. doi:10.2165/11530730-000000000-00000.
- Yu, Derek, 2008. The comparability of income and expenditure surveys 1995, 2000 and 2005/2006. Stellenbosch University, Department of Economics, Working Paper 05/2008.