170
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Analysis of depressive symptoms between formal and informal workers in South Africa during COVID-19 crisis

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 928-943 | Received 10 May 2022, Accepted 09 Nov 2022, Published online: 12 Jan 2023

References

  • Ardington, K & Case, A, 2010. The interactions between mental health and socioeconomic status in the South African national income dynamics study. Tydskrif Vir Studies in Ekonomie En Ekonometrie = Journal for Studies in Economics and Econometrics 34(3), 69–85.
  • Balde, R, Boly, M & Avenyo, E, 2020. Labour market effects of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: an informality lens from Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal. UNU-MERIT Working Paper No. 2020-022, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
  • Bargain, O & Kwenda, P, 2014. The informal sector wage gap: new evidence using quantile estimations on panel data. Economic Development and Cultural Change 63(1), 117–53.
  • Benhura, M & Magejo, P, 2020. Differences between formal and informal workers’ outcomes during the COVID-19 crisis lockdown in South Africa. NIDS-CRAM Wave 2 Working Paper 2.
  • Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs, 2020a. Disaster Management Act 2002 (57/2002): regulations made in terms of Section 27(2), R. 398, Government Gazette No. 43148, 25 March. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202003/4314825-3cogta.pdf Accessed 5 September 2020.
  • Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs, 2020b. Regulations issued in terms of section 27(2) of Disaster Management Act 2002 (57/2002), R. 480, Government Gazette No. 43258, 29 April. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202004/43258rg11098gon480s.pdf Accessed 6 September 2020.
  • Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs, 2020c. Disaster Management Act 2002 (57/2002), Determination of Alert Levels and Hotspot, R. 608, Government Gazette No. 43364, 28 May. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202005/43364gon608-translations.pdf Accessed 6 September 2020.
  • Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs, 2020d. Disaster Management Act 2002 (57/2002), Determination of Alert level, R. 891, Government Gazette No. 43620, 17 August. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202008/43620gon891s_0.pdf Accessed 17 January 2021.
  • Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs, 2020e. Regulations issued in terms of section 27(2) of Disaster Management Act 2002 (57/2002), R. 999, Government Gazette No. 43725, 18 September. https://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/notices/2020/20200918-gg43725gon999-COGTA-covid19.pdf Accessed 17 January 2021.
  • Galea, S, Merchant, RM & Lurie, N, 2020. The mental health consequences of COVID-19 and physical distancing: the need for prevention and early intervention. JAMA Internal Medicine 180(6), 817–8.
  • International Labour Organization, 2018. Women and Men in the informal economy: a statistical picture. 3rd edn. International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • International Labour Organization, 2020. COVID-19 and the world of work: updated estimates and analysis. In ILO monitor. 3rd edn. International Labour Office, Geneva. Retrieved from: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_743146.pdf, Accessed 6 September 2020.
  • Kesar, S, Abraham, R, Lahoti, R, Nath, P & Basole, A, 2021. Pandemic, informality, and vulnerability: impact of COVID-19 on livelihoods in India. Canadian Journal of Development Studies 42(1-2), 145–64. doi:10.1080/02255189.2021.1890003.
  • Liu, L, Xue, P, Li, SX, Zhang, J, Zhou, J & Zhang, W, 2021. Urban-rural disparities in mental health problems related to COVID-19 in China. General Hospital Psychiatry 69, 119–20.
  • Ludermir, AB & Lewis, G, 2003. Informal work and common mental disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 38, 485–9.
  • Mungai, K & Bayat, A, 2019. An overview of trends in depressive symptoms in South Africa. South African Journal of Psychology 49(4), 518–35.
  • National Income Dynamics Study-Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM), 2020a. Wave 2 [dataset]. Version 1.1.0. Cape Town: Allan Gray Orbis Foundation [funding agency]. Cape Town: Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit [implementer], 2020. DataFirst [distributor], 2020, Cape Town.
  • National Income Dynamics Study-Coronavirus Rapid Mobile Survey (NIDS-CRAM), 2020b. Wave 3 [dataset]. Version Beta1. Cape Town: Allan Gray Orbis Foundation [funding agency]. Cape Town: Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit [implementer], 2020. DataFirst [distributor], 2020, Cape Town.
  • Oyenubi, A & Kollamparambil, U, 2020. COVID-19 and Depressive Symptoms in South Africa. NIDS-CRAM Wave 2 Working Paper 12.
  • Ozdin, Ş., & Ozdin, ŞB, 2020. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish Society: the importance of gender. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 66(5), 504–11.
  • Rogan, M & Skinner, C, 2022. The COVID-19 crisis and the South African informal economy: a stalled recovery. WIDER Working Paper 2022/40. Helsinki, UNU-WIDER.
  • Stander, MP, Bergh, M, Miller-Janson, HE, De Beer, JC & Korb, FA, 2016. Depression in the South African workplace. South African Journal of Psychiatry 22(1), a814.
  • Tomlison, M, Grimsrud, AT, Stein, DJ, Williams, DR & Myer, L, 2009. The epidemiology of major depression in South Africa: results from the South African stress and health study. South African Medical Journal 99(5 part 2), 368–73.
  • Verbeek, M, 2000. A guide to modern econometrics. Wiley, West Sussex.
  • World Health Organization, 2013. Mental health action plan 2013-2020. World Health Organisation, Geneva.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.