A 0.8-V, 55.1-dB DR, 100 Hz Low-Pass Filter with Low-Power PTAT for Bio-Medical Applications

References

• S. Solís-Bustos, J. Silva-Martínez, F. Maloberti, and E. Sánchez-Sinencio, “A 60-dB dynamic-range CMOS sixth-order 2.4-Hz low-pass filter for medical applications,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Analog Digital Signal Process., Vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 1391–1398, Dec. 2000. doi:10.1109/82.899631
   Google Scholar
• J. Webster, Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• C.-H. Chen, et al., “A 2.4 Hz-to-10 kHz-tunable biopotential filter using a novel capacitor multiplier,” in Proceedings of PrimeAsia, Shanghai. IEEE, 2009, pp. 372–375.
   Google Scholar
• M. A. Al-Absi, E. S. Al-Suhaibani, and M. T. Abuelmaatti, “A new compact CMOS C-multiplier,” Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process., Vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 653–658, 2017. doi:10.1007/s10470-016-0822-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Silva-Martinez and J. Salcedo-Suñer, “IC voltage to current transducers with very small transconductance,” Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process., Vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 285–293, 1997. doi:10.1023/A:1008286718560
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Veeravalli, E. Sánchez-Sinencio, and J. Silva-Martínez, “Transconductance amplifier structures with very small transconductances: A comparative design approach,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 770–775, June 2002. doi:10.1109/JSSC.2002.1004582
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.-Y. Lee and C.-J. Cheng, “Systematic design and modeling of a OTA-C filter for portable ECG detection,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., Vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 53–64, Feb. 2009. doi:10.1109/TBCAS.2008.2007423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.-Y. Sun and S.-Y. Lee, “A fifth-order Butterworth OTA-C LPF with multiple-output differential-input OTA for ECG applications,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Express Briefs, Vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 421–425, Apr. 2018. doi:10.1109/TCSII.2017.2695366
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Rieger, A. Demosthenous, and J. Taylor, “A 230-nW 10-s time constant CMOS integrator for an adaptive nerve signal amplifier,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 1968–1975, Nov. 2004. doi:10.1109/JSSC.2004.835818
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Sawigun and W. A. Serdijn, “A modular transconductance reduction technique for very low-frequency Gm-C filters,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Seoul, May 2012, pp. 1183–1186.
   Google Scholar
• C. Sawigun and S. Thanapitak, “A 0.9-nW, 101-Hz, and 46.3-µVrms IRN low-pass filter for ECG acquisition using FVF biquads,” IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Int. Syst., Vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 2290–2298, Nov. 2018. doi:10.1109/TVLSI.2018.2863706
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Thanapitak and C. Sawigun, “A subthreshold buffer-based biquadratic cell and its application to biopotential filter design,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Reg. Pap., Vol. 65, no. 9, pp. 2774–2783, Sept. 2018. doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2018.2808361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Sawigun and S. Thanapitak, “A nanopower biopotential lowpass filter using subthreshold current-reuse biquads with bulk effect self-neutralization,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Reg. Pap., Vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 1746–1757, May 2019. doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2018.2885954
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. H. Rao and S. Rekha, “Low voltage, low power Gm-C filter for low frequency applications,” J. Low Power Electron., Vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 266–274, June 2018. doi:10.1166/jolpe.2018.1558
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Guzinski, M. Bialko, and J. Matheau, “Body driven differential amplifier for application in continuous-time active-C filter,” Proc. ECCD, Vol. 87, pp. 315–319, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• R. Sarpeshkar, R. F. Lyon, and C. Mead, “A low-power wide-linear-range transconductance amplifier,” Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process., Vol. 13, no. 1–2, pp. 123–151, 1997. doi:10.1023/A:1008292213687
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Taur and T. H. Ning, Fundamentals of Modern VLSI Devices. New York: Cambridge university press, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• L. H. Ferreira, T. C. Pimenta, and R. L. Moreno, “An ultra-low-voltage ultra-low-power weak inversion composite MOS transistor: Concept and applications,” IEICE Trans. Electron., Vol. 91, no. 4, pp. 662–665, Jan. 2008. doi:10.1093/ietele/e91-c.4.662
   Google Scholar
• S. Rekha and T. Laxminidhi, “Common mode feedback circuits for low voltage fully-differential amplifiers,” J. Circuits Syst. Comput., Vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 1650124, 2016. (12 pages). doi:10.1142/S0218126616501243
   Google Scholar
• B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits. New York: Tata McGraw-Hill, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• R. J. Baker and C. Boyce, “Circuit design, layout, and simulation,” in IEEE Press Series on Microelectronic Systems, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• R. Schaumann, H. Xiao, and V. V. Mac, Design of Analog Filters, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2009.
   Google Scholar
• T.-T. Zhang, et al., “15-nW biopotential LPFs in 0.35 µm CMOS using subthreshold-source-follower biquads with and without gain compensation,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., Vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 690–702, Oct. 2013. doi:10.1109/TBCAS.2013.2238233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y.-T. Liu, D. Y. Lie, W. Hu, and T. Nguyen, “An ultralow-power CMOS transconductor design with wide input linear range for biomedical applications,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Seoul, May 2012, pp. 2211–2214.
   Google Scholar
• S. A. Mahmoud, A. Bamakhramah, and S. A. Al-Tunaiji, “Low-noise low-pass filter for ECG portable detection systems with digitally programmable range,” Circuits Syst. Signal Process., Vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 2029–2045, Oct. 2013. doi:10.1007/s00034-013-9564-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Arya and J. P. Oliveira, “Gm-C biquad filter for low signal sensor applications,” in Proceedings of 23rd IEEE International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Lodz, June 2016, pp. 207–210.
   Google Scholar
• A. L. Goldberger, et al., “PhysioBank, physioToolkit, and physioNet: Components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals,” Circulation, Vol. 101, no. 23, pp. e215–e220, 2000. (June 13), circulation Electronic Pages: Available: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/101/23/e215.full PMID:1085218; doi:10.1161/01.CIR.101.23.e215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar