A Comprehensive Review on Supply Modulators and Control Strategies for Envelope Tracking RF Power Amplifiers in Mobile Communication

References

• Z. Wang, “Demystifying envelope tracking: Use for high-efficiency power amplifiers for 4G and beyond,” IEEE Microwave Mag., Vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 106–129, 2015 Mar 4.
   Google Scholar
• B. Kim, J. Kim, D. Kim, J. Son, Y. Cho, J. Kim, and B. Park, “Push the envelope: design concepts for envelope-tracking power amplifiers,” IEEE Microwave Mag., Vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 68–81, 2013 Apr2.
   Google Scholar
• A. K. Kwan, M. Younes, R. Darraji, and F. M. Ghannouchi, “On track for efficiency: concurrent multiband envelope-tracking power amplifiers,” IEEE Microwave Mag., Vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 46–59, 2016 Apr 7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Ramella, A. Piacibello, R. Quaglia, V. Camarchia, and M. Pirola, “High efficiency power amplifiers for modern mobile communications: The load-modulation approach,” Electronics. (Basel), Vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 96–97, 2017 Dec.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. H. Doherty, “A new high efficiency power amplifier for modulated waves,” Proc. Inst. Radio Eng., Vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1163–1182, 1936 Sep.
   Google Scholar
• B. Kim, J. Kim, I. Kim, and J. Cha, “The Doherty power amplifier,” IEEE Microwave Mag., Vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 42–50, 2006 Nov 20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Quaglia, and S. Cripps, “A load modulated balanced amplifier for telecom applications,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 1328–1338, 2017 Nov 30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Chireix, “High power outphasing modulation,” Proc. Inst. Radio Eng, Vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 1370–1392, 1935 Nov.
   Google Scholar
• M. P. Van Der Heijden, M. Acar, J. S. Vromans, and D. A. Calvillo-Cortes, “A 19W high-efficiency wide-band CMOS-GaN class-E Chireix RF outphasing power amplifier,” in 2011 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, 2011 Jun 5, pp. 1–4. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• X. Zhang, and P. Asbeck. Design of linear RF outphasing power amplifier. Boston, London: Artech House, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• F. H. Raab, B. E. Sigmon, R. G. Myers, and R. M. Jackson, “L-band transmitter using kahn EER technique,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 2220–2225, 1998 Dec.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Wang, D. F. Kimball, J. D. Popp, A. H. Yang, D. Y. Lie, and P. L. Asbeck, “An improved power-added efficiency 19-dBm hybrid envelope elimination and restoration power amplifier for 802.11 g WLAN applications,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 4086–4099, 2006 Dec 4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z. Wang, “Envelope tracking power amplifiers for wireless communications,” Artech House, 34–54, 2014 Jun 1.
   Google Scholar
• P. Asbeck, and Z. Popovic, “ET comes of age: envelope tracking for higher-efficiency power amplifiers,” IEEE Microwave Mag., Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 16–25, 2016 Feb 8.
   Google Scholar
• J. Hendy. Envelope tracking excels in RF power amlifier efficiency. Electron. Des. Mag. 2015 Jan, pp. 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• A. Babu, B. G. Shivaleelavathi, and V. Yatnalli, “Enhanced power Added Efficiency for RF power amplifiers in mobile communication,” Int. J. Grid Distribut. Comput., Vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1543–1553, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• J. Hoversten, S. Schafer, M. Roberg, M. Norris, D. Maksimovic, and Z. Popovic, “Codesign of PA, supply, and signal processing for linear supply-modulated RF transmitters,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2010–2020, 2012 Mar 15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Reynaert, and M. S. Steyaert, “A 1.75-GHz polar modulated CMOS RF power amplifier for GSM-EDGE,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 2598–2608, 2005 Dec 5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O. García, M. Vasić, P. Alou, J. A. Oliver, and J. A. Cobos, “An overview of fast DC–DC converters for envelope amplifier in RF transmitters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 4712–4722, 2012 Dec 24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Mohsina, and G. M. Rather, “Switched mode power amplifiers: A brief review and comparative study,” in International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS), 2017 Aug 1, pp. 3447–3452. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• R. C. Beltrame, M. L. da Silva Martins, C. Rech, and H. L. Hey, “Hybrid power amplifiers-a view,” in XI Brazilian Power Electronics Conference, 2011 Sep 11, pp. 189–195. IEEE
   Google Scholar
• P. P. Vizarreta, G. Montoro, and P. L. Gilabert, “Hybrid envelope amplifier for envelope tracking power amplifier transmitters,” in 2012 42nd European Microwave Conference, 2012 Oct, pp. 128–131. IEEE
   Google Scholar
• Y. Wang, Q. Jin, and X. Ruan, “Optimized design of the multilevel converter in series-form switch-linear hybrid envelope-tracking power supply,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 5451–5460, 2016 May 10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Q. Jin, X. Ruan, X. Ren, Y. Wang, and Y. Leng, “Step-wave switched capacitor converter for compact design of envelope tracking power supply,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 64, no. 12, pp. 9587–9591, 2017 Jun 19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Meng, X. W. Zhu, Q. Jin, Y. Wang, and X. Ruan, “Digitally-controlled high-efficiency series form switch-linear hybrid supply modulator for envelope tracking power amplifiers,” in 2015 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), 2015 Dec 6, Vol. 3, pp. 1–3. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Y. Li, X. Ruan, Y. Wang, and C. Zhang, “Digitally-Assisted Hysteresis voltage prediction control For series-form switch-linear hybrid envelope-tracking power supply,” in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2019, pp. 1348–1352. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Q. Jin, X. Ruan, X. Ren, and H. Xi, “High-efficiency switch-linear-hybrid envelope-tracking power supply with step-wave approach,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 5411–5421, 2015 Mar 25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Ham, et al., “CMOS power amplifier integrated circuit with dual-mode supply modulator for mobile terminals,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Regul. Pap., Vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 157–167, 2016 Jan 18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. S. Paek, et al., “A− 137 dBm/Hz noise, 82% efficiency AC-coupled hybrid supply modulator with integrated buck-boost converter,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 2757–2768, 2016 Sep 21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Jing, and B. Bakkaloglu, “A high slew-rate adaptive biasing hybrid envelope tracking supply modulator for LTE applications,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 65, no. 9, pp. 3245–3256, 2017 Mar 28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Wang, X. Ruan, Y. Leng, and Y. Li, “Hysteresis current control for multilevel converter in parallel-form switch-linear hybrid envelope tracking power supply,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 1950–1959, 2018 May 11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Xiao, Q. Li, Y. Liu, Z. Li, and H. Zhang, “A wide-band high-efficiency envelope tracking supply modulator for cellular front-end module,” in In2017 IEEE International Symposium on Radio-Frequency Integration Technology (RFIT), pp. 10–12. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• D. Kimball, T. Nakatani, J. Yan, P. T. Theilmann, and I. Telleiz, “High efficiency envelope tracking power amplifiers for wide modulation bandwidth signals,” in 2014 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, 2014 Nov 4, pp. 103–106. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• J. Kim, et al., “Wideband envelope amplifier for envelope-tracking operation of handset power amplifier,” in 2014 44th European Microwave Conference, 2014 Oct 6, pp. 1352–1355. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• J. Kim, D. Kim, Y. Cho, D. Kang, and B. Kim, “Envelope-tracking power amplifier with enhanced back-off efficiency using average switch current control of supply modulator,” in 2013 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings (APMC), 2013 Nov 5, pp. 435–437. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• H. He, Y. Kang, T. Ge, L. Guo, and J. S. Chang, “A 2.5-W 40-MHz-bandwidth hybrid supply modulator with 91% peak efficiency, 3-V output swing, and 4-mV output ripple at 3.6-V supply,,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 712–723, 2018 Apr 16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Leng, X. Ruan, Q. Jin, and Y. Wang, “Current control strategies for parallel-form switch-linear hybrid envelope tracking power supply with two switched-mode converters to achieve optimal power allocation,” IEEE. J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power. Electron., Vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 2356–2368, 2018 Nov 20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Mahmoudidaryan, D. Mandal, B. Bakkaloglu, and S. Kiaei, “Wideband hybrid envelope tracking modulator with hysteretic-controlled three-level switching converter and slew-rate enhanced linear amplifier,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 3336–3347, 2019 Oct 9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. S. Paek, D. Kim, Y. Choo, Y. S. Youn, J. Lee, and T. B. Cho, “Design of boosted supply modulator with reverse current protection for wide battery range in envelope tracking operation,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 183–194, 2018 Nov 20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z. Zhuang, Z. Wang, and Q. Xie, “A 92%-efficiency hybrid envelope tracking modulator based on 3-level hysteresis-controlled buck converter with capacitor current Integration sensor,” in 2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET), 2020 May 8, pp. 303–307. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• S. H. Yang, K. H. Chen, C. L. Wey, Y. H. Lin, J. R. Lin, and T. Y. Tsai. Lossless inductor current control in envelope tracking supply modulator with self-allocation of energy for optimization of efficiency and EVM, in 2016 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC), 2016 Nov 7, pp. 281–284. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• D. Kim, D. Kang, J. Kim, Y. Cho, and B. Kim, “Highly efficient dual-switch hybrid switching supply modulator for envelope tracking power amplifier,” IEEE Microwave Compon. Lett., Vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 285–287, 2012 May 17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. He, T. Ge, Y. Kang, L. Guo, and J. S. Chang, “A 40 MHz bandwidth, 91% Peak efficiency, 2.5 W output power supply modulator With dual-mode sigma–delta control and Adaptive biasing amplifier for multi standard communications,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 9432–9444, 2020 Jan 24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Q. Jin, X. Ruan, X. Ren, Y. Wang, Y. Leng, and K. T. Chi, “Series–parallel-form switch-linear hybrid envelope-tracking power supply to achieve high efficiency,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 244–252, 2016 Jul 28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Hassan, L. E. Larson, V. W. Leung, and P. M. Asbeck, “A combined series-parallel hybrid envelope amplifier for envelope tracking mobile terminal RF power amplifier applications,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 1185–1198, 2012 Feb 15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Anabtawi, R. Ferzli, and H. M. Harmanani, “A single switcher combined series parallel hybrid envelope tracking amplifier for wideband RF power amplifier applications,” in 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2016 May 22, pp. 2366–2369. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Y. Wang, X. Ruan, Q. Jin, Y. Leng, F. Meng, and X. W. Zhu, “Quasi-interleaved current control for switch-linear hybrid envelope-tracking power supply,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 5415–5425, 2017 Aug 3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Kim, et al., “Highly efficient RF transmitter over broad average power range using multilevel envelope-tracking power amplifier,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Regul. Pap., Vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1648–1657, 2015 Jun.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Y. Chu, B. Bakkaloglu, and S. Kiaei, “A 10 MHz bandwidth, 2 mV ripple PA regulator for CDMA transmitters,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 2809–2819, 2008 Dec 12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Y. Wu, and P. K. Mok, “A two-phase switching hybrid supply modulator for RF power amplifiers with 9% efficiency improvement,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 2543–2556, 2010 Oct 11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. W. Kwak, M. C. Lee, and G. H. Cho, “A 2 W CMOS hybrid switching amplitude modulator for EDGE polar transmitters,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 2666–2676, 2007 Dec 12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Hassan, L. E. Larson, V. W. Leung, and P. M. Asbeck, “A combined series-parallel hybrid envelope amplifier for envelope tracking mobile terminal RF power amplifier applications,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 1185–1198, 2012 Feb 15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Shrestha, R. van der Zee, A. de Graauw, and B. Nauta, “A wideband supply modulator for 20 MHz RF bandwidth polar PAs in 65 nm CMOS,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1272–1280, 2009 Mar 24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Wang, D. F. Kimball, D. Y. Lie, P. M. Asbeck, and L. E. Larson, “A monolithic high-efficiency 2.4-GHz 20-dBm SiGe BiCMOS envelope-tracking OFDM power amplifier,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1271–1281, 2007 May 29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. Ruan, Y. Wang, and Q. Jin, “A review of envelope tracking power supply for mobile communication systems,” CPSS Trans. Power Electron. Appl., Vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 277–291, 2017 Dec.
   Google Scholar
• H. He, T. Ge, and J. Chang, “A review on supply modulators for envelope-tracking power amplifiers,” in 2016 International Symposium on Integrated Circuits (ISIC), 2016 Dec 12, pp. 1–4. IEEE.
   Google Scholar