BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY AND REFERENCES
- A great deal of discussion on the potential involvement of older adults in higher education has taken place in the last decade within the gerontological community. Yet, relatively little empirical or even descriptive research on the programmes that have been instituted is available. Many of the articles which have appeared in this area are hortatory in terms of their orientation (5‐8). Considerable attention has been given to the question of tuition waivers, fees, formal criteria for acceptance and barriers to the participation of older and retired persons in programme studies in institutions of higher education (6‐13). Several studies have focussed on particular programmes such as the Elderhostel Programme (14‐15), or the Institute for Retired Professionals at the New School for Social Research (16), or the Experimental Programme at Leigh University (17), the Texas community college experience (18), which are not regular ongoing general programmes of study for older adults. Among the results of research which have been published in recent years on programmes which permit the participation of older persons in regular university classes, together with younger students, are the studies of Hooper and Marsh (19) at the University of Wisconsin; and Hooper's follow‐up study (20), Covey's (21) study of older persons enrolled in the Senior Auditor's Programme at the University of Colorado in Boulder, Colorado, Perkins and Robertson‐Tchabo (22), study of retirees enrolled in the Golden Identification Card Programme at the University of Maryland, College Park, and Kingston's summary study (23) of elderly students in the university system of Georgia.
- Despite the fact that educational opportunities for retired persons exist in countries outside the United States, little attention has been given to this area until recently. While the so called “3rd age” seems, in fact, to constitute a newly discovered existential territory for gerontological thinking as Radcliffe (24) argues, one which I would agree, calls into the question the traditional and established patterns of formal education, it nevertheless seems important to examine the educational opportunities for aging persons in an international perspective in order to determine how well they fit the needs of the aged in a particular country. In England, Withnall, et al. (25), have been conducting research on educational options and participation of the elderly.
- Nusberg (26), in her discussion of the growing interest in the area of adult education for retired persons in Scandinavia, Europe, and other industrialized areas notes that the available evidence suggests that programmes of formal education are not only enormously popular among the elderly students who enroll in them, but that they provide opportunities for keeping older persons integrated with the rest of society and of promoting intergenerational relationships.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY AND REFERENCES
- GLANZ , D. 1983 . Leisure, Learning, and Identity: The Social Meaning of University Studies for Retired Persons , Ramat‐Gan , , Israel : Bar‐Han University . Doctoral dissertation in progress,
- GLANZ , D. 1981 . Aging and Learning , Ramat‐Gan , , Israel : Bar‐Han University . An unpublished study of the participants in the Open Door College,
- CIBLUSKI , O. and SABO , E. 1980 . Report on retired auditors at Haifa University Research Authority Haifa (in Hebrew).
- JACOBOWITZ , J. and SHANAN , J. 1983 . Higher education for the Second Half of Life: The State of the Art and future Perspectives . Educational Gerontology , in press
- BADER , J. E. 1977‐78 . Formal Educational Opportunities for Older Adults . International Journal of Aging and Human Development , 8 : 339 – 344 .
- REBOK , G. W. 1981 . Aging and Higher Education: Prospects for Intervention . Educational Gerontology , 6 : 39 – 48 .
- COVEY , H. C. 1981 . American Higher Education and Older People . Educational Gerontology , 6 : 373 – 383 .
- KINGSTON , A. J. 1982 . The Senior Citizen as College Student . Educational Gerontology , 8 : 43 – 52 .
- CHELSVIG , K. A. and TIMMERMANN , S. 1979 . Tuition Policies of Higher Education Institutions and State Governments and the Older Learner . Educational Gerontology , 4 : 147 – 159 .
- LONG , H. B. and ROSSING , B. E. 1978 . Tuition Waivers for Older Americans . Lifelong Learning: The Adult Years , 1 : 10 – 13 .
- LONG , H. B. and ROSSING , B. E. 1979 . Tuition Waiver Plans for Older Americans in Post‐Secondary Public Education Institutions . Educational Gerontology , 4 : 161 – 174 .
- LONG , H. B. 1980 . Characteristics of Senior Citizens’ Educational Tuition Waiver in 21 States: A Follow‐Up Study . Educational Gerontology , 5 : 139 – 149 .
- WOOD , V. and TRACHTENBERG , B. 1976 . Higher Education and the Older Adult . Social Thought , April : 57 – 68 .
- KNOWLTON M. P. , M. P. 1977 . Liberal Arts: The Elderhostel Plan for Survival . Educational Gerontology , 2 : 87 – 93 .
- ROMANIUK , J. G. and ROMANIUK , M. 1982 . Participation Motives for Older Adults in Higher Education: The Elderhostel Experience . Gerontologist , 22 : 364 – 368 .
- HIRSCH , H. 1977‐78 . Higher Education in Retirement: The Institute for Retired Professionals . International Journal of Aging and Human Development , 8 : 367 – 374 .
- MALLON , L. 1982 . Older Students Bring Insight and Experience to the College Class Room . Aging , 323‐324 : 18 – 19 . 44
- RAPPOLE , G. 1978 . An Overview of Community College Programmes for Elderly Texans . Educational Gerontology , 3 : 35 – 59 .
- HOOPER , J. O. and MARCH , G. B. 1978 . A Study of Older Students Attending University Classes . Educational Gerontology , 3 : 321 – 330 .
- HOOPER , J. O. 1981 . Older Adults Earning University Credits: A Description . Educational Gerontology , 6 : 385 – 394 .
- COVEY , H. C. 1980 . An Exploratory Study of the Acquisition of a College Student Role by Older People . Gerontologist , 20 : 173 – 181 .
- PERKINS , H. V. and ROBERTSON‐TAGHABO , E. A. 1981 . Retirees Return to College: An Evaluative Study at One University Campus . Educational Gerontology , 7 : 273 – 287 .
- KINGSTON , A. J. 1982 . Attitudes and Problems of Elderly Students in the University System of Georgia . Educational Gerontology , 9 : 87 – 92 .
- RADCLIFFE , D. 1982 . Third Age Education: Questions That Need Asking . Educational Gerontology , 8 : 311 – 323 .
- WITHNALL , A . 1982 . Never Too Late To Learn . . . . New Age , 17 : 24 – 27 .
- NUSBERG , C. E. 1982 . Educational Opportunities for the Elderly in Industrialized Countries Outside the United States . Educational Gerontology , 8 : 395 – 409 .