References
- Abdulla, A. 1986. Al-Taba’iyyah wal taba’iyyah al-siyasiyyah [Dependency and Political Dependency]. Beirut: Al-Mu’assasah Al-Jami’iyyah lil dirasaat wal nashr.
- Abu Irshaid, O. 2017. Al-Mawqif al-amriki min Al-Azmah al-khalijiyyah [The American Position Towards the Gulf Crisis]. Siyasat Arabiyya 27: 23–31.
- Acharya, A. 2014. Global International Relations (IR) and Regional Worlds. International Studies Quarterly 58 (4): 647–59.
- Al Jazeera Center for Studies. 2019. Alwilayat al-Muttahidah wa Iran: Dhughoot Mutasaa’idah wa Harb Mustab’adah [The US and Iran: Escalating Pressures and Unlikely War]. 9 May. https://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/article/629.
- Al-Arab. 2017. Al-Jubayr: al-Qimmah al-Arabiyyah al-Islamiyyah al-Amrikiyyah ‘Tarikhiyyah’ [Jubayr: The Arab-Islamic-American Summit is ‘Historic’]. 18 May. https://bit.ly/2TlgOnW.
- Al-Arab. 2018. Al-Su’oodiyah Amam Ikhtibaar Ta’dil al-Manahij al-Ta’limiyyah ba’idan ‘an al-Tashaddud [Saudi Arabia Confronts the Test of Moving Educational Curricula Away from Extremism]. 26 January. https://bit.ly/39p9wVT.
- Al-Didda, A. M. 2018. Idarat Trump lil-Siyasah al-Kharijiyyah al-Amrikiyyah fi al-sharq al-awsat [Trump’s Administering of US Foreign Policy in the Middle East]. Al-Mustaqbal al-Arabi 477 (Nov): 121–38.
- Alriyadh. 2017. Al-malik Salman: Mundhu 300 ‘aam lam na’rif Irhaaban Hatta Attallat Thawrat al-Khomeini [King Salman: For 300 Years We Did Not Experience Terrorism, Until Khomeini's Revolution]. 21 May. http://www.alriyadh.com/1596153.
- Amin, S. 1976. Unequal Development: An Essay on the Social Formations of Peripheral Capitalism. New York: Monthly Review Press.
- Barkawi, T., and Laffey, M. 1999. The Imperial Peace: Democracy, Force and Globalization. European Journal of International Relations 5 (4): 403–34.
- Beblawi, H., and Luciani, G., eds. 1987. The Rentier State. New York: Croom Helm.
- Becker, J., and Scott, S. 2016. Hillary Clinton, ‘Smart Power’ and a Dictator’s Fall. The New York Times, 27 February. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/28/us/politics/hillary-clinton-libya.html.
- Bilgin, P. 2008. Thinking Past ‘Western’ IR? Third World Quarterly 29 (1): 5–23.
- Bilgin, P. 2017. The International in Security, Security in the International. Abingdon: Routledge.
- Bromley, S. 2005. The United States and the Control of World Oil. Government and Opposition 40(2): 225–55.
- Campbell, D. 1992. Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
- Cordesman, A., Gold, B., and Berntsen, G. 2014. The Gulf Military Balance, Vol. I: The Conventional and Asymmetric Dimensions. Center for Strategic and International Studies, January. https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/140131_Cordeman_GulfMilitaryBalance_VolumeI_Web.pdf.
- Davidson, C. M. 2013. After the Sheikhs: The Coming Collapse of the Gulf Monarchies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- DeYoung, K., and Lemouth, D. 2018. Qatar to Upgrade Airbase Used by US to Fight Terrorism. Washington Post, 24 July. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/qatar-to-upgrade-air-base-used-by-us-to-fight-terrorism/2018/07/23/19e04c84-8eb7-11e8-b769-e3fff17f0689_story.html.
- Donnelly, J. 2006. Sovereign Inequalities and Hierarchy in Anarchy: American Power and International Society. European Journal of International Relations 12 (2): 139–70.
- Drezner, D. W. 2019. Present at the Destruction: The Trump Administration and the Foreign Policy Bureaucracy. The Journal of Politics 81(2): 723–30.
- Dunne, T. 2003. Society and Hierarchy in International Relations. International Relations 17 (3): 303–20.
- Ehteshami, A. 2003. Oil, Arms Procurement and Security in the Persian Gulf. Asian Affairs 34 (3): 260–70.
- Engelkamp, S., and Glaab, K. 2015. Writing Norms: Constructivist Norm Research and the Politics of Ambiguity. Alternatives 40 (3–4): 201–18.
- Foley, S. 2017. When Oil Is Not Enough: Sino-Saudi Relations and Vision 2030. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 11(1): 107–20.
- Gambino, L., and Borger, J. 2019. Yemen War: Congress Votes to End US Military Assistance to Saudi Arabia. The Guardian, 4 April. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/04/yemen-saudi-arabia-war-us-military-assistance-vote-congress-trump-veto-latest.
- Gause, G. F. III 1994. Domestic and Security Challenges in the Arab Gulf States. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.
- Gause, G. F. III 2009. The International Relations of the Persian Gulf. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Gause, G. F. III 2016. The Future of U.S.-Saudi Relations. Foreign Affairs (July/August): 114–26.
- Gause, G. F. III 2019. ‘Hegemony’ Compared: Great Britain and the United States in the Middle East. Security Studies 28 (3): 565–87.
- Glasser, S. B. 2003. Qatar’s Educational Reforms Trigger Unease among Muslim Leaders. The Guardian, 13 February. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2003/feb/13/internationaleducationnews.highereducation.
- Hafner-Burton, E. M. 2008. Sticks and Stones: Naming and Shaming the Human Rights Enforcement Problem. International Organization 62(4): 689–716.
- Halliday, F. 1974. Arabia Without Sultans. New York: Penguin Books.
- Halliday, F. 2009. The Middle East and Conceptions of ‘International Society’. In B. Buzan and A. Gonzalez-Pelaez, eds. International Society and the Middle East: English School Theory at the Regional Level: 1–23. London: Palgrave.
- Hansen, L. 2016. Discourse Analysis, Post-structuralism and Foreign Policy. In S. Smith, A. Hadfield, and T. Dunne, eds. Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases: 95–110. 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Heller, R., and Kahl, M. 2013. Tracing and Understanding ‘Bad’ Norm Dynamics in Counter-terrorism the Current Debates in IR Research. Critical Studies on Terrorism 6 (3): 414–28.
- Hertog, S. 2010. The Sociology of the Gulf Rentier Systems: Societies of Intermediaries. Comparative Studies in Society and History 52 (2): 1–37.
- Higgins, M., Klitgaard, T., and Lerman, R. 2006. Recycling Petrodollars. Current Issues in Economics and Finance 12 (9). https://ssrn.com/abstract=957779.
- Hinnebusch, R. 2011. The Middle East in the World Hierarchy: Imperialism and Resistance. Journal of International Relations and Development 14 (2): 213–46.
- Hobson, J. M. 2007. Is Critical Theory Always for the White West and for Western Imperialism? Beyond Westphilian towards a Post-racist Critical IR. Review of International Studies 33 (1): 91–116.
- Holzscheiter, A. 2014. Between Communicative Interaction and Structures of Signification: Discourse Theory and Analysis in International Relations. International Studies Perspectives 15 (2): 142–62.
- Homolar, A., and Scholz, R. 2019. The Power of Trump-Speak: Populist Crisis Narratives and Ontological Security. Cambridge Review of International Affairs: 32 (3): 344–64.
- Houghton, D. 2007. Reinvigorating the Study of Foreign Policy Decision Making: Toward a Constructivist Approach. Foreign Policy Analysis 3(1): 24–45.
- Hudson, J. C. 2016. Lindsey Graham Pushes Compromise on Saudi 9/11 Bill. Foreign Policy, 20 April. http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/04/20/lindsey-graham-pushes-compromise-on-saudi-911-bill/.
- Ikenberry, G. J. 2011. Liberal Leviathan: The Origins, Transformations, and Crisis of the American World Order. Princeton, NJ, and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
- IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2006. Petrodollar Recycling and Global Imbalances. Presentation by S. M. Nsouli. 23 March. https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/28/04/53/sp032306a.
- Ismael, J. S. 1979. Dependency and Capital Surplus: The Case of Kuwait. Arab Studies Quarterly 1 (2): 151–76.
- Johnson, C. 2004. The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic. New York: Owl Books.
- Khalili, L. 2018. The Infrastructural Power of the Military: The Geoeconomic Role of the US Army Corps of Engineers in the Arabian Peninsula. European Journal of International Relations 24 (4): 911–33.
- Kirkpatrick, D. and Hubbard, B. 2019. Attack on Saudi Oil Facilities Tests US Guarantee to Defend Gulf. New York Times, 19 September. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/19/world/middleeast/saudi-iran-attack-oil.html.
- Krieg, A. 2016. Externalizing the Burden of War: The Obama Doctrine and US Foreign Policy in the Middle East. International Affairs 92 (1): 97–113.
- Levitt, M., and Jacobson, M. 2008. The U.S. Campaign to Squeeze Terrorists’ Financing. Journal of International Affairs 62 (1): 67–85.
- Ling, L. H. M. 2002. Postcolonial International Relations: Conquest and Desire between Asia and the West. London: Palgrave.
- Luciani, G. 2019. Oil and Political Economy in the International Relations of the Middle East. In L. Fawcett, ed. International Relations of the Middle East. 5th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/hepl/9780198809425.003.0005.
- Mamdani, M. 2004. Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror. New York: Pantheon.
- Misfir, M. S. 2018. Ibtizaaz Amriki wa Qiyadaat Khalijiyyah Ghair Waa’iyah bi Athaar ma Taf’al [US Blackmail and Gulf Leaders Unaware of What They Do]. Al-Sharq 1 May (10911), 29.
- Onuf, N. 1989. World of Our Making: Rules and Rule in Social Theory and International Relations. Greenwood, SC: University of South Carolina Press.
- Panke, D., and Petersohn, U. 2017. President Donald J. Trump: An Agent of Norm Death? International Journal 72 (4): 572–9.
- Riedel, B. 2017. The $110 Billion Arms Deal to Saudi Arabia Is Fake News. Markaz: Brookings, 5 June. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/markaz/2017/06/05/the-110-billion-arms-deal-to-saudi-arabia-is-fake-news/.
- Risse-Kappen, T. 1995. Cooperation Among Democracies: The European Influence on US Foreign Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Ross, M. L. 2011. Will Oil Drown the Arab Spring? Democracy and the Resource Curse. Foreign Affairs 90 (5): 2–4, 5-7.
- Ryan, C. R. 2015. Regime Security and Shifting Alliances in the Middle East. International Relations Theory and a Changing Middle East. Project on Middle East Political Science (POMEPS) Studies 16: 42–6.
- Sadiki, L. 2009. Rethinking Arab Democratization: Elections Without Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Sadiki, L. 2015. The Impact of the Arab Spring on the Gulf Cooperation Council. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 17 (3): 303–20.
- Sadiki, L. 2020. Regionalism in Crisis: Integration Without Democracy. The International Spectator 55 (2).
- Said, E. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Vintage.
- Said, E. 1981. Covering Islam: How the Media and Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World. New York: Vintage.
- Sajed, A., and Inayatullah, N. 2017. On the Perils of Lifting the Weight of Structures: An Engagement with Hobson’s Critique of the Discipline of IR. Postcolonial Studies 19 (2): 201–9.
- Savransky, R. 2017. Tillerson Holds Press Conference Without US Reporters. The Hill, 21 May. https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/334470-tillerson-holds-press-conference-without-us-reporters-reports.
- Seth, S. 2011. Postcolonial Theory and the Critique of International Relations. Millennium 40 (1): 167–83.
- Snyder, R. 1997. Alliance Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
- Spiro, D. E. 1999. The Hidden Hand of American Hegemony: Petrodollar Recycling and International Markets. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
- Spivak, G. C. 1999. A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Springborg, R. 2013. GCC Countries as ‘Rentier States’ Revisited. Middle East Journal 67 (2): 301–9.
- Trump, D. 2017. President Trump’s Speech to the Arab Islamic American Summit. White House, 21 May. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-trumps-speech-arab-islamic-american-summit/.
- Van Dijk, T. A. 2015. Critical Discourse Analysis. In D. Tannen, H. E. Hamilton, and D. Schiffrin, eds. The Handbook of Discourse Analysis: 466–85. 2nd edn. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.
- Wallin, M. 2018. US Military Bases and Facilities in the Middle East. American Security Project Fact Sheet, June. https://www.americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Ref-0213-US-Military-Bases-and-Facilities-Middle-East.pdf.
- Walt, S. M. 1987. The Origins of Alliances. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
- Walt, S. M. 2018. The Hell of Good Intentions: America’s Foreign Policy Elite and the Decline of US Primacy. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
- Wendt, A. 1999. Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Wezeman, P. D., and Kuimova, A. 2019. Military Spending and Arms Imports by Iran, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the UAE. SIPRI Fact Sheet, May. https://sipri.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/fs_1905_gulf_milex_and_arms_transfers.pdf.
- Yom, S. 2008. Washington’s New Arms Bazaar. Middle East Report 246, Spring.