Urban junco flight initiation distances correlate with approach velocities of anthropogenic sounds

REFERENCES

• Aronson MFJ, La Sorte FA, Nilon CH, Katti M, Goddard MA, Lepczyk CA, Warren PS, Williams NSG, Cilliers S, Clarkson B, et al. 2014. A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers. Proc R Soc Lond B. 281:20133330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atwell JW, Cardoso GC, Whittaker DJ, Campbell-Nelson S, Robertson KW, Ketterson ED. 2012. Boldness behavior and stress physiology in a novel urban environment suggest rapid correlated evolutionary adaptation. Behav Ecol. 23(5):960–969. doi:10.1093/beheco/ars059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battle KE, Foltz SL, Moore IT. 2016. Predictors of flight behavior in rural and urban songbirds. Wilson J Ornithol. 128(3):510–519. doi:10.1676/1559-4491-128.3.510
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard GE VDWFD, Guay P-J, Symonds MRE, Robinson RW, Weston MA, Weston MA. 2018. Bicycles evoke longer flight-initiation distances and higher intensity escape behaviour of some birds in parks compared with pedestrians. Landscape Urban Plan. 178:276–280. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billings AC, Greene E, Jensen S, De La Lucia M. 2015. Are chickadees good listeners? Antipredator responses to raptor vocalizations. Anim Behav. 110:1–8. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.09.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumstein DT. 1998. Quantifying predation risk for refuging animals: a case study with golden marmots. Ethology. 104(6):501–516. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1998.tb00086.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumstein DT. 2003. Flight-initiation distance in birds is dependent on intruder starting distance. J Wildl Manage. 67(4):852–857. doi:10.2307/3802692
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumstein DT. 2006. Developing an evolutionary ecology of fear: how life history and natural history traits affect disturbance tolerance in birds. Anim Behav. 71(2):389–399. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.05.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson NV, Pargeter HM, Templeton CN. 2017. Sparrowhawk movement, calling, and presence of dead conspecifics differentially impact blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) vocal and behavioral mobbing responses. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 71(9):133. doi:10.1007/s00265-017-2361-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrete M, Martínez-Padilla J, Rodríguez-Martínez S, Rebolo-Ifrán N, Palma A, Tella JL. 2016. Heritability of fear of humans in urban and rural populations of a bird species. Sci Rep. 6(1):31060. doi:10.1038/srep31060
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carrete M, Tella JL. 2013. High individual consistency in fear of humans throughout the adult lifespan of rural and urban burrowing owls. Sci Rep. 3(1):3524. doi:10.1038/srep03524
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chace JF, Walsh JJ. 2006. Urban effects on native avifauna: a review. Landscape Urban Plan. 74(1):46–69. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.08.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deoniziak K, Osiejuk TS. 2019. Habitat-related differences in song structure and complexity in a songbird with a large repertoire. BMC Ecol. 19(1):40. doi:10.1186/s12898-019-0255-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz M, Cuervo JJ, Grim T, Flensted-Jensen E, Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Jokimäki J, Markó G, Tryjanowski P, Møller AP. 2015. Interactive effects of fearfulness and geographical location on bird population trends. Behav Ecol. 26(3):716–721. doi:10.1093/beheco/aru211
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Juricic E, Jimenez MD, Lucas E . 2001. Bird tolerance to human disturbance in urban parks of Madrid (Spain): management implications. In: Marzluff JM, et al., editors. Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world. Boston (MA): Springer Press; p. 259–273.
   Google Scholar
• Fernández-Juricic E, Vaca R, Schroeder N. 2004. Spatial and temporal responses of forest birds to human approaches in a protected area and implications for two management strategies. Biol Conserv. 117(4):407–416. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frid A, Dill LM. 2002. Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk. Conserv Ecol. 6:11.
   Google Scholar
• Galbraith JA, Jones DN, Beggs JR, Parry K, Stanley MC. 2017. Urban bird feeders dominated by a few species and individuals. Front Ecol Evol. 5:81. doi:10.3389/fevo.2017.00081
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Arroyo M, MacGregor-Fors I. 2020. Tolerant to humans? Assessment of alert and flight initiation distances of two bird species in relation to sex, flock size, and environmental characteristics. Ethol Ecol Evol. 32(5):445–456. doi:10.1080/03949370.2020.1753115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greggor AL, Clayton NS, Fulford AJC, Thornton A. 2016. Street smart: faster approach towards litter in urban areas by highly neophobic corvids and less fearful birds. Anim Behav. 117:123–133. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.03.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halfwerk W, Slabbekoorn H. 2014. The impact of anthropogenic noise on avian communication and fitness. In: Gil D, Brumm H, editors. Avian urban ecology: behavioral and physiological adaptations. London (UK): Oxford University Press; p. 84–97.
   Google Scholar
• Juárez R, Araya‐Ajoy YG, Barrantes G, Sandoval L. 2021. House Wrens Troglodytes aedon reduce repertoire size and change song element frequencies in response to anthropogenic noise. Ibis. 163(1):52–64. doi:10.1111/ibi.12844
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karp DS, Root TL. 2009. Sound the stressor: how Hoatzins (Opisthocomus hoazin) react to ecotourist conversation. Biodivers Conserv. 18(14):3733–3742. doi:10.1007/s10531-009-9675-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martín J, Rodriguez-Prieto I, Fernández-Juricic E. 2008. To run or to fly: low cost versus low risk escape strategies in blackbirds. Behaviour. 145(8):1125–1138. doi:10.1163/156853908784474489
   Google Scholar
• McLeod EM, Guay P-J, Taysom AJ, Robinson RW, Weston MA, Sueur C. 2013. Buses, cars, bicycles and walkers: the influence of the type of human transport on the flight responses of waterbirds. PLoS ONE. 8:e82008. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikula P. 2014. Pedestrian density influences flight distances of urban birds. Ardea. 102(1):53–60. doi:10.5253/078.102.0105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møller AP. 2008. Flight distance of urban birds, predation, and selection for urban life. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 63(1):63–75. doi:10.1007/s00265-008-0636-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møller AP. 2010. Interspecific variation in fear responses predicts urbanization in birds. Behav Ecol. 21(2):365–371. doi:10.1093/beheco/arp199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møller AP, Ibáñez-Álamo JD. 2012. Escape behaviour of birds provides evidence of predation being involved in urbanization. Anim Behav. 84(2):341–348. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.04.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møller AP, Tryjanowski P. 2014. Direction of approach by predators and flight initiation distance of urban and rural populations of birds. Behav Ecol. 25(4):960–966. doi:10.1093/beheco/aru073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moseley DL, Derryberry GE, Phillips JN, Danner JE, Danner RM, Luther DA, Derryberry EP. 2018. Acoustic adaptation to city noise through vocal learning by a songbird. Proc R Soc Lond B. 285:20181356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munoz NE, Blumstein DT. 2012. Multisensory perception in uncertain environments. Behav Ecol. 23(3):457–462. doi:10.1093/beheco/arr220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemeth E, Brumm H. 2010. Birds and anthropogenic noise: are urban songs adaptive? Am Nat. 176(4):465–475. doi:10.1086/656275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman MM, Yeh PJ, Price TD. 2006. Reduced territorial responses in dark-eyed juncos following population establishment in a climatically mild environment. Anim Behav. 71(4):893–899. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.08.007
   Google Scholar
• Nolan V Jr, Ketterson ED, Cristol DA, Rogers CM, Clotfelter ED, Titus RC, Schoech SJ, Snajdr E. 2002. Dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). In: Poole AF, Gill FB, editors. The birds of the world. Philadelphia (PA): Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Available from: https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/daejun/1.0/introduction
   Google Scholar
• Partecke J, Schwabl I, Gwinner E. 2006. Stress and the city: urbanization and its effects on the stress physiology in European blackbirds. Ecology. 87(8):1945–1952. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1945:SATCUA]2.0.CO;2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavisse R, Vangeluwe D, Clergeau P. 2019. Domestic cat predation on garden birds: an analysis from European ringing programmes. Ardea. 107(1):103–109. doi:10.5253/arde.v107i1.a6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds SJ, Galbraith JA, Smith JA, Jones DN. 2017. Garden bird feeding: insights and prospects from a north-south comparison of this global urban phenomenon. Front Ecol Evol. 5:24. doi:10.3389/fevo.2017.00024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samia DSM, Blumstein DT, Díaz M, Grim T, Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Jokimäki J, Tätte K, Markó G, Tryjanowski P, Møller AP. 2017. Rural-urban differences in escape behavior of European birds across a latitudinal gradient. Front Ecol Evol. 5:66. doi:10.3389/fevo.2017.00066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samia DSM, Blumstein DT, Stankowich T, Cooper WE Jr. 2016. Fifty years of chasing lizards: new insights advance optimal escape theory. Biol Rev. 91(2):349–366. doi:10.1111/brv.12173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger MD, Manley PN, Holyoak M. 2008. Distinguishing stressors acting on land bird communities in an urbanizing environment. Ecology. 89(8):2302–2314. doi:10.1890/07-0256.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skandrani Z, Bovet D, Gasparini J, Baldaccini NE, Prévot A-C. 2017. Sociality enhances birds’ capacity to deal with anthropogenic ecosystems. Urban Ecosyst. 20(3):609–615. doi:10.1007/s11252-016-0618-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skandrani Z, Prévot A-C, Baldaccini NE, Gasparini J. 2016. On the interplay between phylogeny and environment on behaviour of two urban bird species, Columba livia and Corvus corone (Aves). It J Zool. 83(1):98–102. doi:10.1080/11250003.2015.1118562
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephan C, Wilkinson A, Huber L. 2012. Have we met before? Pigeons recognize familiar human faces. Avian Biol Res. 5(2):75–80. doi:10.3184/175815512X13350970204867
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strasser EH, Heath JA. 2013. Reproductive failure of a human-tolerant species, the American kestrel, is associated with stress and human disturbance. J Appl Ecol. 50:912–919. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tätte K, Møller AP, Mänd R. 2018. Towards an integrated view of escape decisions in birds: relation between flight initiation distance and distance fled. Anim Behav. 136:75–86. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.12.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters MJ, Guralnick RP, Kleist NJ, Robinson SK. 2019. Urban background noise affects breeding song frequency and syllable-type composition in the Northern Mockingbird. Condor. 121(2):1–13. doi:10.1093/condor/duz002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren PS, Katti M, Ermann M, Brazel AJ. 2006. Urban bioacoustics: it’s not just noise. Anim Behav. 71(3):491–502. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.07.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood WE, Yezerinac SM. 2006. Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) song varies with urban noise. Auk. 123:650–659. doi:10.1093/auk/123.3.650
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh PJ. 2004. Rapid evolution of a sexually selected trait following population establishment in a novel habitat. Evolution. 58(1):166–174. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01583.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh PJ, Price TD. 2004. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity and the successful colonization of a novel environment. Am Nat. 164(4):531–542. doi:10.1086/423825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar