Boulder Ring Structures Produced During Jökulhlaup Flows

References

• Bagnold, R.A., 1956: The flow of cohesionless grains in fluids. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 249A: 235–297.
   Google Scholar
• Beverage, J. P. and Culbertson, J.K., 1964: Hyperconcentrations of suspended sediment. J. Hydraulics Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 90, HY6: 117–128.
   Google Scholar
• Churski, Z., 1973: Hydrographic features of the proglacial area of Skeidararjökull. Geographia Polonica 26: 209–254.
   Google Scholar
• Costa, J.E., 1984: Physical geomorphology of debris flows. In: Costa, J.E. and Fleisher, P.J. (eds.) Developments and Applications of Geomorphology, Springer-Verlag, New York: 268–317.
   Google Scholar
• Costa, J.E. 1988: Rheologic, geomorphic and sedimentologic differentiation of water floods, hyperconcentrated flows, and debris flows. In: Baker, V.R., Kochel, R.C. and Patton, P.C. (eds.) Flood Geomorphology, John Wiley & Sons: 113–122.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, R.V., 1971: Features of coarse-grained, high-concentration fluids and their deposits. J. Sedimentary Petrology, 41: 916–927.
   Google Scholar
• Hampton, M.A., 1979: Buoyancy in debris flows. J. Sedimentary Petrology, 40: 753–758.
   Google Scholar
• Jonsson, J., 1980: Um Kötluhlaup. Natturufraedingurinn (Reykjavik), 50: 81–86.
   Google Scholar
• Jonsson, J. 1982: Notes on the Katla volcanoglacial debris flows. Jökull, 32: 61–68.
   Google Scholar
• Klimek, K., 1972: Present-day fluvial processes and relief of the Skeidararsandur plain (Iceland). Geographical Studies, Polish Academy of Science, Institute of Geography, No. 94 (119 p.) (In Polish, with English summary).
   Google Scholar
• Krigström, A., 1962: Geomorphological studies of sandur plains and their braided rivers in Iceland. Geogr. Ann. XLIV: 328–346.
   Google Scholar
• Longva, O. and Thoresen, M.K., 1991: Iceberg scours, iceberg gravity craters and current erosion marks from a gigantic Preboreal flood in southeastern Norway, Boreas, 20: 47–62.
   Google Scholar
• Lowe, P.R., 1976: Grain flow and grain flow deposits. J. Sedimentary Petrology 46: 188–199.
   Google Scholar
• Lundqvist, J., 1983: Glaciofluvial deposits in Sweden. In: Ehlers, J. (ed.): Glacial Deposits in North-West Europe, Balkema: 91–96.
   Google Scholar
• Maizels, J.K., 1977: Experiments on the origin of kettle holes. J. Glac. 18: 291–303.
   Google Scholar
• Maizels, J.K. 1989a: Sedimentology, paleoflow dynamics and flood history of jökulhlaup deposits: paleohydrology of Holocene sediment sequences in southern Iceland sandur deposits. J. Sedimentary Petrology 59: 204–223.
   Google Scholar
• Maizels, J.K. 1989b: Sedimentology and palaeohydrology of Holocene flood deposits infront of a jökulhlaup glacier, south Iceland. In: Bevan, K. and Carling, P. (eds): Floods: Hydrological, Sedimentological and Geomorphological Implications, John Wiley & Sons: 239–251.
   Google Scholar
• Maizels, J.K. 1990: Paleoflow dynamics of bedforms and sediment sequences produced during catastrophic floods on Icelandic sandurs. Geological Society of America, Northeastern Section, Abstracts with Programs: p. 53.
   Google Scholar
• Maizels, J.K. 1991: Origin and evolution of Holocene sandurs in areas of jökulhlaup drainage, south Iceland: In: Maizels, J.K. and Caseldine, C. (eds.) Environmental Change in Iceland: Past and Present, Kluwer Academic Publishers: 267–302.
   Google Scholar
• Maizels, J.K. and Dugmore, A.J., 1985: Lichenometric dating and tephrochronology of sandur deposits, Solheimajökull, southern Iceland. Jökull 35: 69–78.
   Google Scholar
• Mollard, J.D., 1983: The origin of reticulate and orbicular patterns on the floor of the Lake Agassiz basin. In: Teller, J.T. and Clayton, L. (eds.): Glacial Lake Agassiz. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 26: 356–374.
   Google Scholar
• Nemec, W. and Steel, R.J., 1984: Alluvial and coastal conglomerates: their significant features and some comments on gravelly mass-flow deposits. In: Koster, E.H. and Steel, R.J. (eds.): Sedimentology of gravels and conglomerates. Canadian Soc. Petrol. Geol. Memoir 10: 1–31.
   Google Scholar
• Pierson, T.C., 1981: Dominant particle support mechanisms in debris flows at Mt Thomas, New Zealand, and implications for flow mobility. Sedimentology 28: 49–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierson, T. C. and Costa, J. E., 1987: A rheologic classification of subaerial sediment-water flows. Reviews in Engineering Geology, VII: 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Postma, G., 1986: Classification for sediment gravity-flow deposits based on flow conditions during sedimentation. Geology 14: 291–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price, R.J., 1969: Moraines, sandar, kames and eskers near Breidamerkurjökull, Iceland. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 46: 17–43.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, K.M., 1988: Origins, behaviour, and sedimentology of lahars and lahar-runout flows in the Toutle-Cowlitz river system. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 1447-A (76 p.)
   Google Scholar
• Smith, G.A., 1987: The influence of explosive volcanism on fluvial sedimentation: the Deschutes Formation (Neogene) in central Oregon. J. Sedimentary Petrology 57: 613–629.
   Google Scholar
• Thorarinsson, S., 1957: The jökulhlaup from the Katla area in 1955 compared with other jökulhlaups in Iceland. Jökull 5: 21–25.
   Google Scholar
• Thorarinsson, S. 1975: Katla og annall Kötlugosa. Arbok Ferdafelag Islands, Reykjavik, 1975: 125–149.
   Google Scholar
• Tomasson, H., 1974: Grimsvatnahlaup 1972, Mechanism and sediment discharge. Jökull 24: 27–39.
   Google Scholar