Patterns of long-term regeneration of forest fire slopes in the Northern European Alps – a logistic regression approach

References

• Agresti A. 2002. Categorical data analysis. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Arpaci A, Malowerschnig B, Sass O, Vacik H. 2014. Using multi variate data mining techniques for estimating fire susceptibility of Tyrolean forests. Appl Geogr. 53:258–270. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.05.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asbjornsen H, Velázquez-Rosas N, García-Soriano R, Gallardo-Hernández C. 2005. Deep ground fires cause massive above- and below-ground biomass losses in tropical montane cloud forests in Oaxaca, Mexico. J Trop Ecol. 21:427–434. doi: 10.1017/S0266467405002373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augustin NH, Cummins RP, French DD. 2001. Exploring spatial vegetation dynamics using logistic regression and a multinomial logit model. J Appl Ecol. 38:991–1006. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00653.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beghin R, Lingua E, Garbarino M, Lonati M, Bovio G, Motta R, Marzano R. 2010. Pinus sylvestris forest regeneration under different post-fire restoration practices in the northwestern Italian Alps. Ecol Eng. 36:1365–1372. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.06.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boehner J, Koethe R, Conrad O, Gross J, Ringeler A, Selige T. 2002. Soil regionalisation by means of terrain analysis and process parameterisation. In: Micheli E, Nachtergaele F, Montanarella L, editors. Soil classification 2001. Luxembourg: European Soil Bureau. Research Report No.7; p. 213–222.
   Google Scholar
• Boehner J, Selige, T. 2006. Spatial prediction of soil attributes using terrain analysis and climate regionalisation. In: Böhner J, McCloy KR, Strobl J, editors. SAGA-Analyses and modelling applications. Göttinger: Geographische Abhandlungen; 115:13–28.
   Google Scholar
• Burrough PA, McDonell RA. 1998. Principles of geographical information systems. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Calef MP, McGuire AD, Epstein HE, Rupp TS, Shugart HH. 2005. Analysis of vegetation distribution in Interior Alaska and sensitivity to climate change using a logistic regression approach. J Biogeogr. 32:863–878. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01185.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmel Y, Kadmon R, Nirel R. 2001. Spatiotemporal predictive models of Mediterranean vegetation dynamics. Ecolo Appl. 11(1):268–280. doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0268:SPMOMV]2.0.CO;2
   Google Scholar
• Castro J, Allen CD, Molina-Morales M, Marañón-Jiménez S, Sánchez-Miranda A, Zamora R. 2011. Salvage logging versus the use of burnt wood as a nurse object to promote post-fire tree seedling establishment. Restor Ecol. 19:537–544. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00619.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cater TC, Chapin FS. 2000. Differential effects of competition or microenvironment on boreal tree seedling establishment after fire. Ecology. 81:1086–1099. doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[1086:DEOCOM]2.0.CO;2
   Google Scholar
• Christopoulou A, Fyllas NM, Andriopoulos P, Koutsias N, Dimitrakopoulos PG, Arianoutsou M. 2014. Post-fire regeneration patterns of Pinus nigra in a recently burned area in Mount Taygetos, Southern Greece: the role of unburned forest patches. Forest Ecol Manag. 327:148–156. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.05.006
   Google Scholar
• Clark WAV, Hosking PL. 1986. Statistical methods for geographers. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Collins BM, Roller GB. 2013. Early forest dynamics in stand-replacing fire patches in the northern Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Landscape Ecol. 28:1801–1813. doi: 10.1007/s10980-013-9923-8
   Google Scholar
• Conedera M, Peter L, Marxer P, Forster F, Rickenmann D, Re L. 2003. Consequences of forest fires on the hydrogeological response of mountain catchments: a case study of the Riale Buffaga, Ticino, Switzerland. Earth Surf Proc Land. 28:117–129. doi: 10.1002/esp.425
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coop JD, Massatti RT, Schoettle AW. 2010. Subalpine vegetation pattern three decades after stand-replacing fire: effects of landscape context and topography on plant community composition, tree regeneration, and diversity. J Veg Sci. 21:472–487. doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01154.x
   Google Scholar
• Crotteau JS, Varner JM III, Ritchie MW. 2013. Post-fire regeneration across a fire severity gradient in the southern Cascades. Forest Ecol Manag. 287:103–112. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.09.022
   Google Scholar
• de Groot WJ, Cantin AS, Flannigan MD, Sojac AJ, Gowman LM, Newbery A. 2013a. A comparison of Canadian and Russian boreal forest fire regimes. Forest Ecol Manag. 294:23–34. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Groot WJ, Flannigan MD, Cantin AS. 2013b. Climate change impacts on future boreal fire regimes. Forest Ecol Manag. 294:35–44. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.09.027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira AJD, Alegre SP, Coelho COA, Shakesby RA, Páscoa FM, Ferreira CSS, Keizer JJ, Ritsema C. 2015. Strategies to prevent forest fires and techniques to reverse degradation processes in burned areas. CATENA, 128: 224–237. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2014.09.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flannigan M, Cantin AS, de Groot WJ, Wotton M, Newbery A, Gowman LM. 2013. Global wildland fire season severity in the 21st century. Forest Ecol Manage. 294:54–61. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.10.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Ruiz JM, Arnáez J, Gómez-Villar A, Ortigosa L, Lana-Renault N. 2013. Fire-related debris flows in the Iberian Range, Spain. Geomorphology. 196:221–230. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.03.032
   Google Scholar
• Geissler P, Hartmann J. 2000. Vegetationsdynamik in einem 1951 abgebrannten Bergföhrenbestand. Natl Park-Forsch Schweiz. 89:107–129.
   Google Scholar
• Gobiet A, Kotlarski S, Beniston M, Heinrich G, Rajczak J, Stoffel M. 2014. 21st century climate change in the European Alps – a review. Sci Total Environ. 493:1138–1151. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goetz SJ, Fiske GJ, Bunn AG. 2006. Using satellite time-series data sets to analyze fire disturbance and forest recovery across Canada. Remote Sens Environ. 101:352–365. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2006.01.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene DF, Johnson EA. 2000. Tree recruitment from burn edges. Can J Forest Res. 30:1264–1274. doi: 10.1139/x00-040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guisan A, Theurillat JP, Kienast F. 1998. Predicting the potential distribution of plant species in an alpine environment. J Veg Sci. 9:65–74. doi: 10.2307/3237224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey BJ, Donato DC, Turner MG. 2016. High and dry: post-fire tree seedling establishment in subalpine forests decreases with post-fire drought and large stand-replacing burn patches. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 25:655–669. doi: 10.1111/geb.12443
   Google Scholar
• Hicke JA, Asner GP, Kasischke ES, French NHF, Randerson JT, Collatz GJ, Stocks BJ, Tucker CJ, Los SO, Field CB. 2003. Postfire response of North American boreal forest net primary productivity analyzed with satellite observations. Glob Change Biol. 9:1145−1157. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00658.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hölzel N. 1996. Schneeheide-Kiefernwälder in den mittleren Nördlichen Kalkalpen. Bayerische Akademie für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege (eds.): Laufener Forschungsbericht, vol. 3, Laufen/Germany, 192.
   Google Scholar
• Hosmer JDW, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX, 2013. Applied logistic regression. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes LE. 2006. Wildfire's place in land management: A case study. Rangelands. 28:17–21.
   Google Scholar
• Kashian DM, Romme WH, Tinker DB, Turner MG, Ryan MG. 2006. Carbon storage on landscapes with stand-replacing fires. BioScience. 56:598–606. doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[598:CSOLWS]2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kipfer T, Moser B, Egli S, Wohlgemuth T, Ghazoul J. 2011. Ectomycorrhiza succession patterns in Pinus sylvestris forests after stand-replacing fire in the Central Alps. Oecologia. 167:219–228. doi: 10.1007/s00442-011-1981-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinbaum DG, Klein M. 2010. Logistic regression: a self-learning text. 3rd ed. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lischke H, Löffler TJ. 2006. Intra-specific density dependence is required to maintain species diversity in spatio-temporal forest simulations with reproduction. Ecol Model. 198:341–361. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.005
   Google Scholar
• Maia P, Pausas JG, Arcenegui V, Guerrero C, Pérez-Bejarano A, Mataix-Solera J, Varela MET, Fernandes I, Pedrosa, ET, Keizer JJ. 2012. Wildfire effects on the soil seed bank of a maritime pine stand – the importance of fire severity. Geoderma. 25:80−88. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.001
   Google Scholar
• Malowerschnig, B, Sass O. 2014. Long-term vegetation development on a wildfire slope in Innerzwain (Styria, Austria). J Forest Res. 25:103−111. doi: 10.1007/s11676-014-0435-4
   Google Scholar
• Marzano R, Garbarino M, Marcolin E, Pividori M, Lingua E. 2013. Deadwood anisotropic facilitation on seedling establishment after a stand-replacing wildfire in Aosta Valley (NW Italy). Ecol Eng. 51:117–122. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.030
   Google Scholar
• McCune B, 2011. Nonparametric multiplicative regression for habitat modeling. Oregon State University, 58. Available from: http://www.pcord.com/NPMRintro.pdf
   Google Scholar
• McCune B, Keon D. 2002. Equations for potential annual direct incident radiation and heat load. J Veg Sci. 13:603−606. doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02087.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhov II, Chernokulsky AV. 2010. Regional model assessments of forest fire risks in the Asian part of Russia under climate change. Geogr Natur Resour. 31:165–169. doi: 10.1016/j.gnr.2010.06.012
   Google Scholar
• Moser B, Temperli C, Schneiter G, Wohlgemuth T. 2010. Potential shift in tree species composition after interaction of fire and drought in the Central Alps. Eur J For Res. 129: 625−633. doi: 10.1007/s10342-010-0363-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moser B, Wohlgemuth T. 2006. Which plant species dominate early post-fire vegetation in the Central Alps, and why? In: Viegas DX, Editor. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Forest Fire Research; 2006 November 27–30; Coimbra, Portugal; 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Nyman P, Sheridan GJ, Smith HG, Lane PNJ. 2011. Evidence of debris flow occurrence after wildfire in upland catchments of south-east Australia. Geomorphology, 125:383–401. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.10.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oikonomakis N, Ganatsas P. 2012. Land cover changes and forest succession trends in a site of Natura 2000 network (Elatia forest), in northern Greece. Forest Ecol Manag. 285:153–163. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.013
   Google Scholar
• Orem CA, Pelletier JD. 2015. Quantifying the time scale of elevated geomorphic response following wildfires using multi-temporal LiDAR data: an example from the Las Conchas fire, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico. Geomorphology. 232:224–236. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.006
   Google Scholar
• Prosser IP, Williams L. 1998. The effect of wildfire on runoff and erosion in native Eucalyptus forest. Hydrol Process. 12:251–265. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199802)12:2<251::AID-HYP574>3.0.CO;2-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe JS. 1983. Concepts of fire effects on plant individual and species. In: Wein RW, MacLean DA, editors. The role of Fire in northern circumpolar ecosystems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons; p. 135–154.
   Google Scholar
• Rydgren K, Økland RH, Hestmark G. 2004. Disturbance severity and community resilience in a boreal forest. Ecology. 85:1906–1915. doi: 10.1890/03-0276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santi PM, deWolfe VG, Higgins JD, Cannon SH, Gartner JE. 2008. Sources of debris flow material in burned areas. Geomorphology. 96:310–321. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.02.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sass O, Heel M, Haida C, Bremer M, Wetzel KF. 2012. Die Brandflächen an den Bettelwurf-Platten. In: Forum Hall in Tirol, vol. 3, Verlag Ablinger.Garber, Hall, 46–59.
   Google Scholar
• Sass O, Heel M, Hoinkis R, Wetzel KF. 2010. A six-year record of debris transport by avalanches on a wildfire slope (Arnspitze, Tyrol). Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie. 54:181–193. doi: 10.1127/0372-8854/2010/0054-0009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schimmel J, Granström A. 1996. Fire severity and vegetation response in the boreal Swedish forest. Ecology. 77:1436–1450. doi: 10.2307/2265541
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stähli M, Finsinger W, Tinner W, Allgöwer B. 2006. Wildfire history and fire ecology of the Swiss National Park (Central Alps): new evidence from charcoal, pollen and plant macrofossils. Holocene. 16:805–817. doi: 10.1191/0959683606hol967rp
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vacik H, Arndt N, Arpaci A, Koch V, Müller M, Gossow H. 2011. Characterisation of forest fires in Austria. Austrian J Forest Sci. 128:1–31.
   Google Scholar
• Wan HY, Olson AC, Muncey KD, St.Clair SB. 2014. Legacy effects of fire size and severity on forest regeneration, recruitment, and wildlife activity in aspen forests. Forest Ecol Manag. 329:59–68. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.06.006
   Google Scholar
• Wastl C, Schunk C, Leuchner M, Pezzatti GB, Menzel A. 2012. Recent climate change: Long-term trends in meteorological forest fire danger in the Alps. Agr Forest Meteorol. 162–163:1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.04.001
   Google Scholar
• Wildi O. 2013. Data analysis in vegetation ecology. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson JB, Agnew ADQ. 1992. Positive-feedback switches in plant communities. Adv Ecol Res. 23:263–336. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60149-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittenberg L, Malkinson D, Barzilai R. 2014. The differential response of surface runoff and sediment loss to wildfire events. CATENA. 121:241–247. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2014.05.014
   Google Scholar
• Wohlgemuth T, Brigger A, Gerold P, Laranjeiro L, Moretti M, Moser B, Rebetez M, Schmatz D, Schneiter G, Sciacca S, et al. 2010. Leben mit Waldbrand. Merkblatt für die Praxis, 46. Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt WSL (Birmensdorf, Switzerland).
   Google Scholar
• Wohlgemuth T, Brigger A, Gerold P, Laranjeiro L, Moretti M, Moser B, Rebetez M, Schmatz D, Schneiter G, Sciacca S, et al. 2012. Leben mit Waldbrand am Beispiel von Leuk (VS) 2003. Vierteljahresschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich. 157:97–106.
   Google Scholar
• Wrigley, N. 1985. Categorical data analysis for geographers and environmental scientists. London: Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Zoettl H. 1965. Zur Entwicklung der Rendzinen in der subalpinen Stufe: 1. Profilmorphologie. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde. 110:109–126. doi: 10.1002/jpln.19651100204
   Google Scholar