Applications of glacial geomorphological and lichenometric studies for reconstructing the Late Holocene glacial history of the Hoksar valley, Kashmir Himalaya, India

References

• Abdullah T, Romshoo SA, Rashid I. 2020. The satellite observed glacier mass changes over the Upper Indus Basin during 2000–2012. Sci Rep. 10(1):1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal DP, Dodia R, Kotlia BS, Razdan H, Sahni A. 1989. The plio-pleistocene geologic and climatic record of the Kashmir valley, India: a review and new data. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol. 73(3–4):267–286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad S, Hasnain SI, Selvan M. 2004. Morpho-metric characteristics of glaciers in the Indian Himalayas. Asian J Water Environ Pollut. 1(1–2):109–118.
   Google Scholar
• Ali SN, Biswas RH, Shukla AD, Juyal N. 2013. Chronology and climatic implications of late quaternary glaciations in the Goriganga valley, Central Himalaya, India. Quat Sci Rev. 73:59–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali I, Shukla A, Romshoo SA. 2017. Assessing linkages between spatial facies changes and dimensional variations of glaciers in the Upper Indus Basin, western Himalaya. Geomorphology. 284:115–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong RA. 2005. Radial growth of Rhizocarpon section Rhizaocarpon lichen thalli over six years at Sonqualmine Pass in the Cascade Range, Washington State. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Res. 37(4):411–415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arndt JE. 2016. Glacial history of the Northeast Greenland continental shelf and adjacent waters revealed by hydro-acoustic data. Doctoral dissertation. Universität Bremen.
   Google Scholar
• Awasthi DD, Bali R, Tewari NK. 2005. Relative dating of moraines by lichenometric and Schmidt Hammer techniques in the Gangotri Glacier valley, Uttarkashi district, Uttaranchal. Spec Pub Palaeontol Soc India. 2:201–206.
   Google Scholar
• Bajpai R, Singh CP, Shukla P, Upreti DK. 2016. Preliminary lichenometric studies in eastern and north-western Himalaya. J Geol Soc India. 87(5):535–538.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajracharya SR, Mool PK, Shrestha BR. 2008. Global climate change and melting of Himalayan glaciers. In: Ranade PS, editor. Melting glaciers and rising sea levels: impacts and implications. Hyderabad: Icfai University Press; p. 28–46.
   Google Scholar
• Benn DI, Lehmkuhl F. 2000. Mass balance and equilibrium-line altitudes of glaciers in high-mountain environments. Quat Int. 65–66:15–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benn DI, Owen LA, Osmaston HA, Seltzer GO, Porter SC, Mark B. 2005. Reconstruction of equilibrium-line altitudes for tropical and sub-tropical glaciers. Quat Int. 138:8–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett GL, Evans DJ. 2012. Glacier retreat and landform production on an overdeepened glacier foreland: the debris-charged glacial landsystem at Kvíárjökull, Iceland. Earth Surf Processes Landforms. 37(15):1584–1602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beschel RE. 1950. Flechten als Altersmaßstab rezenter Moränen. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie. 1(2):152–161.
   Google Scholar
• Bhambri R, Bolch T. 2009. Glacier mapping: a review with special reference to the Indian Himalayas. Prog Phys Geogr. 33(5):672–704.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhat MA, Romshoo SA, Beig G. 2017. Aerosol black carbon at an urban site-Srinagar, Northwestern Himalaya, India: seasonality, sources, meteorology and radiative forcing. Atmos Environ. 165:336–348.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickerdike HL, Cofaigh CÓ, Evans DJ, Stokes CR. 2018. Glacial landsystems, retreat dynamics and controls on Loch Lomond Stadial (Younger Dryas) glaciation in Britain. Boreas. 47(1):202–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisht K, Joshi Y, Upadhyay S, Metha P. 2018. Recession of Milam Glacier, Kumaun Himalaya, observed via lichenometric dating of moraines. J Geol Soc India. 92(2):173–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boston CM. 2012. A glacial geomorphological map of the Monadhliath Mountains, Central Scottish Highlands. J Maps. 8(4):437–444.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradwell T. 2004. Lichenometric dating in southeast Iceland: the size-frequency approach. Geogr Ann. 86(1):31–41.
   Google Scholar
• Chandler BM, Lovell H, Boston CM, Lukas S, Barr ID, Benediktsson ÍÖ, Benn DI, Clark CD, Darvill CM, Evans DJA, et al. 2018. Glacial geomorphological mapping: A review of approaches and frameworks for best practice. Earth-Science Reviews. 185:806–846.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaujar RK. 2006. Lichenometry of yellow Rhizocarpon geographicum as database for the recent geological activities in Himachal Pradesh. Curr Sci. 90(11):1552–1554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaujar RK. 2009. Climate change and its impact on Himalayan glaciers – a case study on the Chorabari Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Curr Sci. 96:703–708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dar RA, Jaan O, Murtaza KO, Romshoo SA. 2017. Glacial-geomorphic study of the Thajwas glacier valley, Kashmir Himalayas, India. Quat Int. 444:157–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dar RA, Rashid I, Romshoo SA, Marazi A. 2014. Sustainability of winter tourism in a changing climate over Kashmir Himalaya. Environ Monit Assess. 186(4):2549–2562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darvill CM, Stokes CR, Bentley MJ, Evans DJ, Lovell H. 2017. Dynamics of former ice lobes of the southernmost Patagonian Ice Sheet based on a glacial landsystems approach. J Quaternary Sci. 32(6):857–876.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decaulne A. 2016. Lichenometry in Iceland, results and applications. Géomor Relief Processus Environ. 22(1):77–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denton GH, Karlén W. 1973. Lichenometry: its application to Holocene moraine studies in southern Alaska and Swedish Lapland. Arct Alp Res. 5:347–372.
   Google Scholar
• Deswal S, Sharma MC, Saini R, Chand P, Juyal N, Singh I, Srivastava P, Bahuguna IM. 2017. Late Holocene glacier dynamics in the Miyar Basin, Lahaul Himalaya, India. Geosciences. 7(3):64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Terra H, Paterson TT. 1939. Studies on the Ice Age in India and associated human cultures (Vol 493). Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
   Google Scholar
• Dianelli G. 1922. Studisulglaciale Spedizone Italian de Filippinell’ Himalaia. Caracorume Turchestan/Cinese 658 (1913–1914) Ser II, 3.
   Google Scholar
• Dobhal DP, Gergan JT, Thayyen RJ. 2004. Recession and morphogeometrical changes of Dokriani glacier (1962–1995) Garhwal Himalaya, India. Curr Sci. 86(5):692–696.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drewry DJ. 1986. Glacial geologic processes. Baltimore: Edward Arnold.
   Google Scholar
• Dubey J, Ali NS, Sharma1 A, Morthekai P, Singh R, Sharma RK, Pandey P, Thakur B, Srivastava V. 2019. Glacial geomorphology and landscape evolution of the Thangu valley, North Sikkim Himalaya, India. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing. 47(5):821–837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes M, Oliva M, Palma P, Ruiz-Fernández J, Lopes L. 2017. Glacial stages and post-glacial environmental evolution in the Upper Garonne valley, Central Pyrenees. Sci Total Environ. 584:1282–1299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fransner O, Noormets R, Flink AE, Hogan KA, O’Regan M, Jakobsson M. 2017. Glacial landforms and their implications for glacier dynamics in Rijpfjorden and Duvefjorden, northern Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. J Quaternary Sci. 32(3):437–455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao J, Liu Y. 2001. Applications of remote sensing, GIS and GPS in glaciology: a review. Prog Phys Geogr. 25:520–540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardelle J, Arnaud Y, Berthier E. 2011. Contrasted evolution of glacial lakes along the Hindu Kush Himalaya mountain range between 1990 and 2009. Glob Planet Change. 75(1–2):47–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie AR. 2011. Glacial geomorphology and landforms evolution. In: Singh VD, Singh P, Haritashya UK, editors. Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers. Dordrecht; p. 341–353.
   Google Scholar
• Glasser NF, Bennett MR. 2004. Glacial erosional landforms: origins and significance for palaeoglaciology. Prog Phys Geogr. 28(1):43–75.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez JS, Vega JMR, Gutierrez RBG, Villar AG. 2013. Applying the AABR method to reconstruct equilibrium-line altitudes from the last glacial maximum in the Cantabrian Mountains (SW Europe). Palaeogeography, Paleoclimatology. Palaeoecology. 387(2013):185–199.
   Google Scholar
• Grinlinton JL. 1928. The former glaciation of the East Lidar valley, Kashmir: With Plates 12 to 38, Government of India Central Publication Branch.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta V, Vaideswaran SC, Dobhal DP. 2014. Colonization delay of Rhizocarpon geographicum: study from the Gangotri glacier, northwestern Himalaya. J Geol Soc India. 84(3):335–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines-Young RH. 1983. Size variation of Rhizocarpon on moraine slopes in southern Norway. Arctic and Alpine Research. 15(3):295–305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambrey MJ. 1994. Glacial environments. London: UCL Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen ES. 2008. The application of lichenometry in dating of glacier deposits. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish J Geogr. 108(1):143–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey JE, Smith DJ. 2013. Lichenometric dating of Little Ice Age glacier activity in the central British Columbia coast mountains, Canada. Geogr Ann. 95(1):1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Holmes JA, Street-Perrott FA. 1989. Late quaternary glaciation of Kashmir, north-west Himalaya: a revision of de Terra and Paterson’s model. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementbände. 76:195–212.
   Google Scholar
• Hubbard Glasser. 2005. Field techniques in glaciology and glacial geomorphology. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd; p. 1–400.
   Google Scholar
• Huggett R. 2007. Fundamentals of geomorphology. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• ICIMOD. 2009. The changing Himalayas impact of climate change on water resources and livelihoods in the greater Himalayas. Kathmandu: ICIMOD.
   Google Scholar
• Immerzeel WW, Van Beek LP, Bierkens MF. 2010. Climate change will affect the Asian water towers. Science. 328:1382–1385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Innes JL. 1985. Lichenometry. Prog Phys Geogr. 9(2):187–254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joshi S, Upreti DK. 2010. Lichenometric studies in vicinity of Pindari Glacier in the Bageshwar district of Uttarakhand, India. Curr Sci. 99(2):231–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaul MN. 1990. Glacial and fluvial geomorphology of Western Himalaya, Liddar valley. ISBN 81-7022-244-3:322.
   Google Scholar
• Kulkarni AV, Bahuguna IM, Rathore BP, Singh SK, Randhawa SS, Sood RK, Dhar S. 2007. Glacial retreat in Himalaya using Indian remote sensing satellite data. Curr Sci. 92(1):69–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachniet MS, Vazquez-Selem L. 2005. Last glacial maximum equilibrium line altitudes in the circum-Caribbean (Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Venezuela). Quat Int. 138:129–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenecker N. 1938. Die gegenwärtige und die eiszeitliche Schneegrenze in den Ostalpen In: Verhandlungen der III Internationalen Quartär-Conferenz, Vienna, September 1936 INQUA, Vienna, 141–147.
   Google Scholar
• Liu J, Chaolu Y, Yingkui L, Bi W, Zhang Q, Hu G. 2017. Glacial fluctuations around the Karola Pass, Eastern Lhagoi Kangri Range, since the last glacial maximum. J Quaternary Sci. 32(4):516–527.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loso MG, Doak DF, Anderson RS. 2013. Lichenometric dating of Little Ice Age glacier moraines using explicit demographic models of lichen colonization, growth, and survival. Geogr Ann. 96(1):21–41.
   Google Scholar
• Lowe JJ, Walker MJ. 2014. Reconstructing quaternary environments. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lukas S, Graf A, Coray S, Schlüchter C. 2012. Genesis, stability and preservation potential of large lateral moraines of alpine valley glaciers–towards a unifying theory based on Findelengletscher, Switzerland. Quat Sci Rev. 38:27–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marazi A, Romshoo SA. 2018. Streamflow response to shrinking glaciers under changing climate in the Lidder valley, Kashmir Himalayas. J Mountain Sci. 15(6):1241–1253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews JA. 2005. ‘Little Ice Age’ glacier variations in Jotunheimen, southern Norway: a study in regionally controlled lichenometric dating of recessional moraines with implications for climate and lichen growth rates. The Holocene. 15(1):1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews JA, Trenbirth HE. 2011. Growth rate of a very large crustose lichen (Rhizocarpon subgenus) and its implications for lichenometry. Geogr Ann. 93(1):27–39.
   Google Scholar
• Mehta M, Majeed Z, Dobhal DP, Srivastava P. 2012. Geomorphological evidences of post-LGM glacial advancements in the Himalaya: a study from Chorabari Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India. J Earth Syst Sci. 121(1):149–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell WA, Taylor PJ, Osmaston H. 1999. Quaternary geology in Zanskar, NW Indian Himalaya: evidence for restricted glaciation and preglacial topography. J Asian Earth Sci. 17(3):307–318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murtaza KO. 2019. Historical changes in the alpine glacier system, a case study of Lidder valley. Doctoral dissertation, University of Kashmir.
   Google Scholar
• Murtaza KO, Dar RA, Paul OJ, Bhat NA, Romshoo SA. 2020. Glacial geomorphology and recent glacial recession of the Harmukh Range, NW Himalaya. Quat Int. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.08.044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murtaza KO, Romshoo SA. 2017. Recent glacier changes in the Kashmir alpine Himalayas, India. Geocarto Int. 32(2):188–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton KP, Abbühl LM, Schlunegger F. 2010. Glacial conditioning as an erosional driving force in the Central Alps. Geology. 38(7):655–658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osmaston H. 2005. Estimates of glacier equilibrium-line altitudes by the area x altitude, area altitude balance ratio and the area x altitude balance index methods and their validation. Quat Int. 138–139:22–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostream G. 1975. ERTS data in glaciology, an effort to monitor glacier mass balance from satellite imagery. J Glaciol. 15:403–415.
   Google Scholar
• Owen LA, Benn DI. 2005. Equilibrium-line altitudes of the last glacial maximum or the Himalaya and Tibet: an assessment and evaluation of methods and results. Quat Int. 138:55–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen LA, Finkel RC, Caffee MW. 2002. A note on the extent of glaciation throughout the Himalaya during the global last glacial maximum. Quat Sci Rev. 21(1–3):147–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellitero R, Rea BR, Spagnolo M, Bakke J, Hughes P, Ivy-Ochs S, Lukas S, Ribolini A. 2015. A GIS tool for automatic calculation of glacier equilibrium-line altitudes. Comput Geosci. 82:55–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendleton SL, Briner JP, Kaufman DS, Zimmerman SR. 2017. Using cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating and lichenometry to constrain Holocene glaciation in the central Brooks Range, Alaska. Arct Antarct Alp Res. 49(1):115–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter SC. 1981. Lichenometric studies in the Cascade Range of Washington; establishment of Rhizocarpon geographicum growth curves at Mount Rainier. Arct Alp Res. 13:11–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter SC. 2001. Snowline depression in the tropics during the last glaciation. Quat Sci Rev. 20:1067–1091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashid I, Romshoo SA, Abdullah T. 2017. The recent deglaciation of Kolahoi valley in Kashmir Himalaya, India in response to the changing climate. J Asian Earth Sci. 138:38–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raup B, Racoviteanu A, Khalsa SJS, Helm C, Armstrong R, Arnaud Y. 2007. The GLIMS geospatial glacier database: a new tool for studying glacier change. Glob Planet Change. 56(1–2):101–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rea BR. 2009. Defining modern day area-altitude balance ratios (AABRs) and their use in glacier-climate reconstructions. Quat Sci Rev. 28(3–4):237–248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards BWM, Owen LA, Rhodes EJ. 2001. Asynchronous glaciation at Nanga Parbat, northwestern Himalaya Mountains, Pakistan: Comment. Geology. 29:287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts SJ, Hodgson DA, Shelley S, Royles J, Griffiths HJ, Thorne MAS, Deen TJ. 2010. Establishing age constraints for 19th and 20th century glacier fluctuations on South Georgia (South Atlantic) using lichenometry. Geogr Ann. 92:125–139.
   Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Rodríguez L, Jiménez-Sánchez M, Domínguez-Cuesta MJ, Aranburu A. 2015. Research history on glacial geomorphology and geochronology of the Cantabrian Mountains, north Iberia. (43–42 N/7–2 W). Quat Int. 364:6–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romshoo SA, Dar RA, Rashid I, Marazi A, Ali N, Zaz SN. 2015. Implications of shrinking cryosphere under changing climate on the streamflows in the Lidder catchment in the Upper Indus Basin, India. Arct Antarct Alp Res. 47(4):627–644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romshoo SA, Fayaz M, Meraj G, Bahuguna IM. 2020. Satellite-observed glacier recession in the Kashmir Himalaya, India, from 1980 to 2018. Environ Monit Assess. 192(9):1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger Z, Kern Z, Urdea P, Braucher R, Madarász B, Schimmelpfennig I, ASTER Team. 2016. Revised deglaciation history of the Pietrele–Stânişoara glacial complex, Retezat Mts, Southern Carpathians, Romania. Quat Int. 415:216–229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarikaya MA, Bishop MP, Shroder JF, Olsenholler JA. 2012. Space-based observations of Eastern Hindu Kush glaciers between 1976 and 2007, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Remote Sensing Letters. 3(1):77–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoenbohm LM, Chen J, Stutz J, Sobel ER, Thiede RC, Kirby B, Strecker MR. 2014. Glacial morphology in the Chinese Pamir: connections among climate, erosion, topography, lithology and exhumation. Geomorphology. 221:1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scotti R, Brardinoni F, Crosta G B, Cola G, Mair V. 2017. Time constrains for post-LGM landscape response to deglaciation in Val Viola, Central Italian Alps. Quat Sci Rev. 177:10–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma MC, Owen LA. 1996. Quaternary glacial history of the NW Garhwal, central Himalayas, India. Quat Sci Rev. 15:335–365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh DS, Tangri AK, Kumar D, Dubey CA, Bali R. 2017. Pattern of retreat and related morphological zones of Gangotri Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Quat Int. 444:172–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sissons JB. 1974. A Late-glacial ice cap in the central Grampians, Scotland. Trans Inst British Geogr. 62:95–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith DJ, Desloger JR. 2000. Little ice age history of Tzeetsaytul Glacier, weedesmuir Provinical Park, British Columbia. Geograph Physciq Quaternairre. 54:135–141.
   Google Scholar
• Smith MJ, Pain CF. 2009. Applications of remote sensing in geomorphology. Prog Phys Geogr. 33(4):568–582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomina O, Calkin PE. 2003. Lichenometry as applied to moraines in Alaska USA, and Kamchatka, Russia. Arct Antarct Alp Res. 35:129–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava D, Bhattacharya DN, Shukla SP, Kaul MK. 2001. Lichenometric studies on Himalayan glacier. Geol Sur India Spec Pub. 53:151–155.
   Google Scholar
• Stephen CP. 2001. Snowline depression in the tropics during last glaciation. Quaternary Sci Rev. 20:1067–1091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroeven AP, Hättestrand C, Heyman J, Kleman J, Morén BM. 2013. Glacial geomorphology of the Tian Shan. J Maps. 9(4):505–512.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Summerfeld MA. 1991. Global geomorphology. An introduction to the study of landforms. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Trenbirth H, Matthews J. 2010. Lichen growth rates on glacier forelands in southern Norway: preliminary results from a 25-year monitoring programme. Geogr Ann. 92:19–39.
   Google Scholar
• Wiles GC, Barclay DJ, Young NE. 2010. A review of lichenometric dating of glacial moraines in Alaska. Geogr Ann. 92(1):101–109.
   Google Scholar
• Willett SD. 2010. Late neogene erosion of the Alps: a climate driver? Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci. 38:411–437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winkler S. 2004. Lichenometric dating of the Little Ice Age maximum in Mt Cook National Park, Southern Alps, New Zealand. The Holocene. 14(6):911–920.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zasadni J. 2012. Glacial geomorphology and extent of the last glacial maximum ice surface in the zillertal Alps (Austria). Quat Int. 279:553.
   Google Scholar
• Zaz SN, Romshoo SA, Krishnamoorthy RT, Viswanadhapalli Y. 2019. Analyses of temperature and precipitation in the Indian Jammu and Kashmir region for the 1980–2016 period: implications for remote influence and extreme events. Atmos Chem Phys. 19:15–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar