1,715
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Climate change related processes affecting mountaineering itineraries, mapping and application to the Valais Alps (Switzerland)

, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 109-126 | Received 14 Dec 2021, Accepted 07 Apr 2022, Published online: 25 Apr 2022

References

  • Ballantyne CK. 2002. Paraglacial geomorphology. Quat Sci Rev. 21:1935–2017. DOI:10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00005-7.
  • Beniston M, Farinotti D, Stoffel M, Andreassen L-M, Coppola E, Eckert N, Fantini A, Giacona F, Hauck C, Huss M, et al. 2018. The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges. Cryosphere. 12:759–794. DOI:10.5194/tc-12-759-2018.
  • Berthier E, Vincent C, Magnússon E, Gunnlaugsson A, Pitte P, Le Meur E, Masiokas M, Ruiz L, Pálsson F, Belart JMC, et al. 2014. Glacier topography and elevation changes derived from Pléiades sub-meter stereo images. Cryosphere. 8:2275–2291. DOI:10.5194/tc-8-2275-2014.
  • Biskaborn BK, Smith SL, Noetzli J, Matthes H, Vieira G, Streletskiy D, Schoeneich P, Romanovsky V, Lewkowicz A, Abramov A, et al. 2019. Permafrost is warming at a global scale. Nat Commun. 10:264. DOI:10.1038/s41467-018-08240-4.
  • Church M, Ryder JM. 1972. Paraglacial sedimentation: a consideration of fluvial processes conditioned by glaciation. Geol Soc Am Bull. 83:3059–3072.
  • Cox S, Fulsaas K. 2006. Mountaineering, the freedom of the hills. Seattle: The Mountaineering Books.
  • Cremonese E, Carlson B, Filippa G, Pogliotti P, Alvarez I, Fosson JP, Ravanel L, Delestrade A. 2019. AdaPT Mont-Blanc: Rapport Climat: Changements climatiques dans le massif du Mont-Blanc et impacts sur les activités humaines. Rédigé dans le cadre du projet AdaPT Mont-Blanc financé par le Programme européen de coopération territoriale Alcotra Italie-France 2014–2020, 101.
  • Dadic R, Corripio J, Burland P. 2008. Mass-balance estimates for Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland, from 2000 to 2006 using DEMs and distributed mass-balance modeling. Ann Glaciol. 49:22–26. DOI:10.3189/172756408787814816.
  • Debarbieux B. 2020. L’Unesco au mont Blanc. Chamonix: Chamonix Guérin.
  • Deline P, Gardent M, Magnin F, Ravanel L. 2012. The morphodynamics of the Mont Blanc massif in a changing cryosphere: a comprehensive review. Geogr Ann A Phys Geogr. 94:265–283. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0459.2012.00467.x.
  • Deline P, Gruber S, Delaloye R, Fischer L, Geertsema M, Giardino M, Hasler A, Kirkbride M, Krautblatter M, Magnin F. 2015. Ice loss and slope stability in high- mountain regions. In: Haeberli W, Whiteman C, Shroder JF, editors. Snow and ice-related hazards, risks, and disasters. Saint-Louis: Elsevier Science; p. 521–561.
  • Della-Marta PM, Haylock MR, Luterbacher J, Wanner H. 2007. Doubled length of western European summer heat waves since 1880. J Geophys Res. 112. DOI:10.1029/2007JD008510.
  • Draebing D, Eichel J. 2018. Divergence, convergence, and path dependency of paraglacial adjustment of alpine lateral moraine slopes. Land Degrad Dev. 29:1979–1999. DOI:10.1002/ldr.2983.
  • Eichel J, Draebing D, Meyer N. 2018. From active to stable: paraglacial transition of Alpine lateral moraine slopes. Land Degrad Dev. 29(11):4158–4172. DOI:10.1002/ldr.3140.
  • Etzelmüller B, Guglielmin M, Hauck C, Hilbich C, Hoelzle M, Isaksen K, Noetzli J, Oliva M, Ramos M. 2020. Twenty years of European mountain permafrost dynamics—the PACE legacy. Environ Res Lett. 15:104070. DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/abae9d.
  • Faup H. 2003. Goulottes du massif du Mont Blanc. Géographie, fonctionnement et évolution glacio-morphologiques, 88. Univ. Paris VII. Paris, Mémoire DEA.
  • Fischer L, Kääb A, Huggel C, Noetzli J. 2006. Glacier retreat and permafrost degradation as controlling factors of slope instabilities in a high-mountain rock wall: the Monte Rosa east face. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci. 6:761–772. DOI:10.5194/nhess-6-761-2006.
  • Fischer M, Huss M, Barboux C, Hoelzle M. 2014. The new Swiss Glacier Inventory SGI2010: relevance of using high-resolution source data in areas dominated by very small glaciers. Arct Antarct Alp Res. 46(4):933–945. DOI:10.1657/1938-4246-46.4.933.
  • GLAMOS. 2020. Swiss glacier length change, release 2020, Glacier Monitoring Switzerland. DOI:10.18750/lengthchange.2020.r2020.
  • Gomez B, Small R. 2018. Medial moraines of the Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Valais, Switzerland: debris supply and implications for moraine formation. J Glaciol. 31(109):303–307. DOI:10.3189/S0022143000006638.
  • Guerin A, Abellán A, Matasci B, Jaboyedoff M, Derron M-H, Ravane L. 2017. Brief communication: 3-D reconstruction of a collapsed rock pillar from Web-retrieved images and terrestrial lidar data – the 2005 event of the west face of the Drus (Mont Blanc massif). Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci. 17:1207–1220. DOI:10.5194/nhess-17-1207-2017.
  • Haeberli W, Gruber S. 2009. Global warming and mountain permafrost. In: Margesin R, editor. Permafrost Soils. Vol. 16. Berlin: Springer; p. 205–218.
  • Harris C, Arenson LU, Christiansen HH, Etzelmüller B, Frauenfelder R, Gruber S, Haeberli W, Hauck C, Hoelzle M, Humlum O, et al. 2009. Permafrost and climate in Europe: monitoring and modelling thermal, geo- morphological and geotechnical responses. Earth Sci Rev. 92:117–171. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.12.002.
  • Harris C, Davies MC, Etzelmüller B. 2001. The assessment of potential geotechnical hazards associated with mountain permafrost in a warming global climate. Permafr Periglac Process. 12:145–156. DOI:10.1002/ppp.376.
  • Hartmeyer I, Delleske R, Keusching M, Krautblatter M, Lang A, Schrott L, Otto J-C. 2020. Current glacier recession causes significant rockfall increase: the immediate paraglacial response of defglaciating cirque walls. Earth Surf Dyn. 8:729–751. DOI:10.5194/esurf-8-729-2020.
  • Hock R, Huss M. 2021. Glaciers and climate change. In: Letcher T, editor. Climate change, observed impacts on planet earth. p. 157–176. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-821575-3.00009-8.
  • Hugonnet R, McNabb R, Berthier E, Menounos B, Nuth C, Girod L, Farinotti D, Huss M, Dussaillant I, Brun F, Kääb A. 2021. Accelerated global glacier mass loss in the early twenty-first century. Nature. 592:726–731. DOI:10.1038/s41586-021-03436-z.
  • Huss M. 2012. Extrapolating glacier mass balance to the mountain range scale: the European Alps 1900–2100. Cryosphere. 6:1117–1156. DOI:10.5194/tcd-6-1117-2012.
  • IPCC. 2019. Summary for policymakers. IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, Working Group I and II.
  • Jouty S, Odier H. 1999. Dictionnaire de la montagne, illustré, 720. Paris, Arthaud.
  • Klein G, Vitasse Y, Rixen C, Marty C, Rebetez M. 2016. Shorter snow cover duration since 1970 in the Swiss Alps due to earlier snowmelt more than to later snow onset. Clim Change. 139:637–649. DOI:10.1007/s10584-016-1806-y.
  • Lambiel C, Maillard B, Kummert M, Reynard E. 2016. Geomorphology of the Hérens valley (Swiss Alps). J Maps. 12(1):160–172. DOI:10.1080/17445647.2014.999135.
  • Lambiel C, Talon P. 2019. Les glaciers du haut val de Bagnes au Petit Age glaciaire. In: valaisannes A, editor. Actes du colloque Giétro 1818 sous la loupe des sciences. Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur la Montagne. Le Châble: Société d'histoire du Valais romand; p. 63–75.
  • Lukas S, Graf A, Coray S, Schlüchter C. 2012. Genesis, stability and preservation potential of large lateral moraines of Alpine valley glaciers – toward a unifying based on Findelengletscher, Switzerland. Quat Sci Rev. 38:27–48. DOI:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.01.022.
  • Marcer M, Cicoira A, Cusicanqui D, Bodin X, Echelard Tm Obregon R, Schoeneich P. 2021. Rock glaciers throughout the French Alps accelerated and destabilised since 1990 as air temperatures increased. Commun Earth Environ. 2:81. DOI:10.1038/s43247-021-00150-6.
  • McColl ST. 2012. Paraglacial rock-slope stability. Geomorphology. 153–154:1–16. DOI:10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.02.015.
  • Mourey J, Marcuzzi M, Ravanel L, Pallandre F. 2019a. Effects of climate change on high Alpine environments: evolution of mountaineering routes in the Mont Blanc massif (Western Alps) over half a century. Arct Antarct Alp Res. 51(1):176–189. DOI:10.1080/15230430.2019.1612216.
  • Mourey J, Perrin-Malterre C, Ravanel L. 2020. Strategies used by French Alpine guides to adapt to the effects of climate change. J Outdoor Recreat Tour. 29:100278. DOI:10.1016/j.jort.2020.100278.
  • Mourey J, Ravanel L. 2017. Evolution of access routes to high mountain refuges of the Mer de Glace basin (Mont Blanc massif, France) – an example of adapting to climate change effects in the Alpine high mountains. J Alp Res. 105. DOI:10.4000/rga.3790.
  • Mourey J, Ravanel L, Lambiel C, Strecker J, Piccardi M. 2019b. Access routes to high mountain huts facing climate-induced environmental changes and adaptive strategies in the Western Alps since the 1990s. Nor Geogr Tidsskr–Nor J Geogr. 73(4):215–228. DOI:10.1080/00291951.2019.1689163.
  • Pohl B, Joly D, Pergaud J, Buoncristiani JF, Soare P, Berger A. 2019. Huge decrease of frost frequency in the Mont-Blanc Massif under climate change. Sci Rep. 9:4919. DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-41398-5.
  • Pröbstl-Haider U, Dabrowska K, Haider W. 2016. Risk perception and preferences of mountain tourists in light of glacial retreat and permafrost degradation in the Austrian Alps. J Outdoor Recreat Tour. 13:66–78. DOI:10.1016/j.jort.2016.02.002.
  • Purdie H, Kerr T. 2018. Aoraki Mont Cook: environmental change on an iconic mountaineering route. Mt Res Dev. 38(4):364–379. DOI:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-18-00042.1.
  • Rabatel A, Letréguilly A, Dedieu J-P, Eckert N. 2013. Changes in glacier equilibrium-line altitude in the western Alps from 1984 to 2010: evaluation by remote sensing and modeling of the morpho-topographic and climate controls. Cryosphere. 7:1455–1471. DOI:10.5194/tc-7-1455-2013.
  • Ravanel L, Deline P. 2008. La face ouest des drus (massif du Mont-Blanc): évolution de l’instabilité d’une paroi rocheuse dans la haute montagne alpine depuis la fin du petit age glaciaire. Géomorphologie. 4:261–272. DOI:10.4000/geomorphologie.7444.
  • Ravanel L, Deline P. 2011. Climate influence on rock- falls in high-Alpine steep rockwalls: the north side of the Aiguilles de Chamonix (Mont Blanc Massif) since the end of the “Little Ice Age”. Holocene. 21:357–365. DOI:10.1177/0959683610374887.
  • Ravanel L, Duvillard P-A, Jaboyedoff M, Lambiel L. 2018. Recent evolution of an ice-cored moraine at the Gentianes Pass, Valais Alps, Switzerland. Land Degrad Dev. 29(10):3693–3708. DOI:10.1002/ldr.3088.
  • Ravanel L, Magnin F, Deline P. 2017. Impacts of the 2003 and 2015 summer heatwaves on permafrost-affected rock-walls in the Mont Blanc massif. Sci Total Environ. 609:132–143. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.055.
  • Rébuffat G. 1973. Le massif du Mont-Blanc – Les 100 plus belles courses, 238. Paris: Denoël.
  • Ritter F, Fiebig M, Muhar A. 2011. Impacts of global warming on mountaineering: a classification of phenomena affecting the Alpine trail network. Mt Res Dev. 32:4–15. DOI:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00036.1.
  • Scherler D, Wulf H, Gorelick N. 2018. Global assessment ofsupraglacial debris-cover extents. Geophys Res Lett. 45:11798–11805. DOI:10.1029/2018GL080158.
  • Schoeneich P. 1993. Comparaison des systèmes de légendes français, allemand et Suisse – principes de la légende IGUL. In: Schoeneich P, Reynard E, editors. Cartographie géomorphologiques, cartographie des risques, Vol. 9. Lausanne: Institut de Géographie, Travaux et Recherches; p. 15–24.
  • Serquet G, Marty C, Dulex J-P, Rebetez M. 2011. Seasonal trends and temperature dependence of the snowfall/precipitation-day ratio in Switzerland. Geophys Res Lett. 38:L07703. DOI:10.1029/2011GL046976.
  • Shannon S, Smith R, Wiltshire A, Payne T, Huss M, Betts R, Caesar J, Koutroulis A, Jones D, Harrison S. 2019. Global glacier volume projections under high-end climate change scenarios. Cryosphere. 13:325–350. DOI:10.5194/tc-13-325-2019.
  • Temme AJAM. 2015. Using climber’s guidebooks to assess rock fall patterns over large spatial and decadal temporal scales: an example from the Swiss Alps. Geogr Ann A: Phys Geogr. 97(4):793–807. DOI:10.1111/geoa.12116.
  • Vaucher M. 1979. Les Alpes Valaisannes – Les 100 plus belles courses. Paris: Denoël.
  • Vincent C, Fischer A, Mayer C, Bauder A, Galos SP, Funk M, Thibert E, Six D, Braun L, Huss M. 2017. Common climatic signal from glaciers in the European Alps over the last 50 years: common climatic signal in the Alps. Geophys Res Lett. 44:1376–1383. DOI:10.1002/2016GL072094.