FOOTNOTES
- David , Richards A. 1971 . A Theory of Reasons for Action 229 Oxford : Clarendon Press .
- Lukes , Steven . 1970 . “Some Problems about Rationality ” . In Rationality Edited by: Bryan , Wilson R. 207 Oxford : Basil Blackwell Ltd. . But see my “Rationality and Relativism,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences, forthcoming.
- Ibid.
- Kuhn , Thomas . 1970 . “The Function of Dogma in Scientific Research,” . In Readings in the Philosophy of Science Edited by: Baruch , Brody A. 357 Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice-Hall Inc. .
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid., p. 358
- Ibid.
- Ibid., pp. 359–60
- Ibid., p. 363
- Kuhn , Thomas . 1970 . The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , 2nd ed. Chicago : Chicago University Press . Ibid., pp. 369–70. See, as well, for fuller discussions of these themes, Imre Lakatos and Alan Musgrave (eds.), Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1970), Israel Scheffer, Science and Subjectivity (Indianapolis, Indiana: The Bobbs-Merrill Co. Inc., 1967), Roger Trigg, Reason and Commitment (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1972), Frank Cunningham, Objectivity in Social Science (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1973), Stephen Toulmin, “Conceptual Change and the Problem of Relativity,” in Critical Essays on the Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, ed. by Michael Krausz (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1972), pp. 201–21, Michael Krausz, “Relativism and Rationality,” American Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 4 (October, 1973), pp. 307–12 and William E. Connolly, “Theoretical Self-Consciousness,” in Social Structure and Political Theory, ed. by William E. Connolly and Glen Gordon (Toronto: D. C. Heath and Company, 1974), pp. 40–66.
- Winch , Peter . 1958 . The Idea of a Social Science London : Routledge & Kegan Paul . The account or accounts that I have characterized as Wittgensteinian Fideist occur in, Peter winch, “Understanding a Primitive Society,” American Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 1 (1964), pp. 307–24, D.Z. Phillips, The Concept of Prayer (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1965), Faith and Philosophical Enquiry (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1970), Paul Holmer, “Wittgenstein and Theology,” in New Essays on Religious Language (New York: Oxford University Press, 1969), Dallas M. High (ed.), “Atheism and Theism,” Lutheran World, Vol. XII (1963), “Metaphysics and Theology: The Foundations of Theology,” The Lutheran Quarterly (1967). I have criticized such accounts in my “Wittgensteinian Fideism,” Philosophy (July, 1967 and in my Contemporary Critiques of Religion (London: Macmillan, 1971), Chapter 5 and in my Scepticism (London: Macmillan, 1973), Chapter 2. For further examinations of Wittgensteinian Fideism, see Robert C. Coburn, “Animadversions on a Wittgensteinian Apologetic,” Perkins Journal (Spring, 1971), pp. 25–36, Michael Durrant, “Is the Justification of Religious Belief a Possible Enterprise?,” Religious Studies Vol. 9 (1973), pp. 449–55, Patrick Sherry, “Learning How to be Religious,” Theology (February, 1974), pp. 81–90, H.O. Mounce, “Understanding a Primitive Society,” Philosophy, Vol. 48 (1973), pp. 347–62, Hugo Meynell, “Truth, Witchcraft and Professor Winch,” The Heythrop Journal, Vol. XIII, No. 2 (April, 1972), pp. 162–72 and John Kekes, “Rationality and Coherence,” forthcoming.
- Brandt , Richard . 1969-70 . “Rational Desires,” . In Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association Vol. XLIV ,
- Brandt , Richard . 1972 . “Rationality, Egoism and Morality,” David Gauthier, “Brandt on Egoism,” Kai Nielsen, “Ethical Egoism and Rational Action,” . The Journal of Philosophy , LXIX ( 20 ) November 2 : 681 – 99 . Kai Nielsen “Rationality and Egoism,” Studi Internazionali Di Filosofia, forthcoming.
- 1972 . “Ethical Egoism and Rational Action,” . The Journal of Philosophy , LXIX ( 20 ) November 2 : 681 – 99 . I have argued this briefly in my, and more in detail in my “Rationality and Egoism,” Studi Internazionali Di Filosofia, forthcoming and in my “On the Rationality of ‘Rational Egoism’,” The Personalist, forthcoming.
- Norman , Care S. 1973 . “On Fixing Social Concepts,” . Ethics , 84 ( 1 ) October I have argued this in detail in my “On Being Rational,” forthcoming. See also Alasdair MacIntyre, “The Essential Contestability of Some Social Concepts,” and, Stuart Hampshire, “Political Theory and Theory of Knowledge,” Twentieth Century Studies (September, 1973), pp. 70–79, William E. Connolly, “Essentially Contested Concepts in Politics,” forthcoming and W. B. Gallie, Philosophy and the Historical Understanding (London: Chatto & Windus, 1964), Chapter 8.
- MacIntyre , Alasdair . 1971 . Against the Self-Images of the Age 244 – 59 . London : Gerald Duckworth & Co. .
- Ibid., p. 249.
- Ibid., p. 258.
- 1972 . “The Ideologist Behind the Mask,” . Humanist , 87 ( 2 ) February Ibid., p. 257. Note, however, Antony Flew's comments about this in his
- Alasdair MacIntyre, op. cit., p. 250.
- Swidler , Ann . 1973 . “The Concept of Rationality in the Work of Max Weber . Sociological Inquiry , 43 ( 1 ) Spring : 35 – 42 . Ibid., p. 253. See also
- Edwards , Paul , ed. 1967 . “Problems of Ethics,” . In The Encyclopedia of Philosophy Vol. III , 129 – 32 . New York : Cromell Collier & Macmillan Inc. . I have tried to bring together some of the evidence for this in my
- Wittgenstein , Ludwig . 1969 . On Certainty Oxford : Basil Blackwell . translated by Denis Paul and G.E.M. Anscombe and G. H. von Wright, “Wittgenstein on Certainty,” Problems in the Theory of Knowledge, ed. by G. H. von Wright (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1972), pp. 47–60. See also the response in the same volume by B.F. McGuinness.
- Many people have helped me in criticizing several versions of this essay. I should like to thank Professor John Baker and the members of the seminar on rationality I taught jointly with him at the University of Calgary, the members of the philosophy departments of the Universities of Calgary, Lethbridge, Wyoming, Rice University and North Texas State. In addition, I should like to thank Professors Szabados, Kekes, Stein, Jack and Ozol for their helpful criticisms and suggestions.