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Original Articles

Chapter 3 The impact of 11 September 2001

Pages 59-77 | Published online: 20 May 2009

Notes

  • December 29^2001 . Oman News Agency interview relayed by Reuters December ,
  • November 19^2001 . Poll published in al-Qabas (Kuwait) as reported by Reuters November ,
  • Habib , John . 1981, 1990 . “ The leader of the 1979 siege, Juhayman al-Utaybi came from a Najdi tribe with strong Ikhwan ties and seems to have seen his role in similar terms. On the Ikhwan and the political background to modern Saudi Arabia ” . In Ibn Sa'ud's Warriors of Islam: The Ikhwan of Najd and Their Role in the Creation of the Sa'udi Kingdom, 1910–1930 (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1978), and Christine Moss Helms, The Cohesion of Saudi Arabia: Evolution of Political Identity , Vol. 80 , 1 – 16 . London : Croom Helm; Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press . see, inter alia, On Juhayman, see Joseph A. Kechichian, ‘Islamic Revivalism and Change in Saudi Arabia: Juhayman al-‘Utaybi's “Letters” to the Saudi People’, Muslim World
  • 1996 . On bin Laden's background, see inter alia US Department of State, ‘Factsheet on Usama bin Laden’, 14 August 1996 . Madawi Al-Rasheed, ‘Saudi Arabia's Islamic Opposition’, Current History , 95 ( 597 ) January : 18 and 20 – 18 and 20 . and Mamoun Fandy, Saudi Arabia and the Politics of Dissent (New York: St Martin's Press and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999), p. 181
  • December 14^2001 . Arab News (Jeddah) December , citing Ukaz (Jeddah)
  • October 26^2001 . The individual was Rep. Darrell Issa (California Republican). AP October ,
  • 23^2001 . Senator Joseph Biden (Delaware Democrat) in remarks at the Council on Foreign Relations . Reuters , October
  • January 16^2002 . “ Statement to reporters by Senator Carl Levin (Michigan Democrat) on 15 January 2002. Another congressman and chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, Porter J. Goss (Florida Democrat) claimed that ‘It's pretty tyrannical there’ ” . In New York Times January ,
  • March 6-13^1999 . The Economist March ,
  • “ Recent statistics show that in AH 1419–1420 (1997–8), there were 2,369,000 female students in Saudi Arabia, compared to 2,405,000 males, and that 21,721 women finished their higher education that year, compared to 21,229 men ” . In Achievements of the Development Plans 308, 310, 317, 320 – 308, 310, 317, 320 .
  • February 16^2002 . Reuters February ,

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