Exploration of Displacement Reaction/Sorption Strategies in Spectrometric Analysis

References

• Summers, J.S., Shimko, J., Freedman, F.L., Badger, C.T., and Sturgess, M. (2002) Displacement of Mn2+ from RNA by K+, Mg2+, neomycin B, and an arginine-rich peptide: Indirect detection of nucleic acid/ligand interactions using phosphorus relaxation enhancement. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124 (50): 14934–14939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, T., Wang, E.K., and Dong, S.J. (2009) Potassium–lead-switched G-quadruplexes: A new class of DNA logic gates. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131 (42): 15082–15803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vessman, J., Stefan, R.I., Van Staden, J.F., Danzer, K., Lindner, W., Burns, D.T., Fajgelj, A., and Müller, H. (2001) Selectivity in analytical chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2001). Pure Appl. Chem., 73 (8): 1381–1386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das, J., Cederquist, K.B., Zaragoza, A.A., Lee, P.E., Sargent, E.H., and Kelley, S.O. (2012) An ultrasensitive universal detector based on neutralizer displacement. Nat. Chem., 4 (8): 642–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, P., Li, C.H., Chen, J.B., Zheng, C.B., and Hou, X.D. (2012) Determination of cadmium in biological samples: An update from 2006 to 2011. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev., 47 (5): 327–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthemidis, A.N. and Miro, M. (2009) Recent developments in flow injection/sequential injection liquid–liquid extraction for atomic spectrometric determination of metals and metalloids. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev., 44 (2): 140–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, P., Chen, H., Cheng, G.L., and Hou, X.D. (2009) Exploring surface chemistry of nano-TiO(2) for automated speciation analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in drinking water using flow injection and ET-AAS detection. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 24 (8): 1098–1104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojeda, C.B. and Rojas, F.S. (2012) Separation and preconcentration by cloud point extraction procedures for determination of ions: Recent trends and applications. Microchim. Acta, 177 (1–2): 1–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zgoła-Grześkowiak, A. and Grześkowiak, T. (2011) Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Trends Anal. Chem., 30 (9): 1382–1399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, Z.Q., Liu, J.F., and Pang, L. (2012) Advances in analytical chemistry using the unique properties of ionic liquids. Trends Anal. Chem., 39 218–227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, X. and Armstrong, D.W. (2007) Ionic liquids in separations. Acc. Chem. Res., 40 (11): 1079–1086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, Y., Shi, Z.M., Long, Z., Wu, P., Zheng, C.B., and Hou, X.D. (2012) Determination and speciation of mercury in environmental and biological samples by analytical atomic spectrometry. Microchem. J., 103: 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, H.W., Xu, S.K., and Fang, Z.L. (1994) Determination of copper in water and rice samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with flow-injection on-line adsorption preconcentration using a knotted reactor. Anal. Chim. Acta, 298 (2): 167–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, X.P., Li, Y., and Jiang, Y. (2002) A flow injection on-line displacement/sorption preconcentration and separation technique coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of trace copper in complicated matrices. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 17 (6): 610–615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., Jiang, Y., Yan, X.P., and Ni, Z.M. (2002) Determination of trace mercury in environmental and foods samples by online coupling of flow injection displacement sorption preconcentration to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol., 36 (22): 4886–4891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bode, H. (1954) Systematic investigation of the use of diethyldithiocarbamate in analysis. Z. Anal. Chem., 142 (6): 414–423.
   Google Scholar
• Dong, L.M., Yan, X.P., Li, Y., Jiang, Y., Wang, S.W., and Jiang, D.Q. (2004) On-line coupling of flow injection displacement sorption preconcentration to high-performance liquid chromatography for speciation analysis of mercury in seafood. J. Chromatogr. A, 1036 (2): 119–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, J., Jiang, Y., Yan, X.P., and Ni, Z.M. (2005) Selective quantification of trace palladium in road dusts and roadside soils by displacement solid-phase extraction online coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39 (1): 288–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, J., Liu, L.W., and Yan, X.P. (2006) Minimization of mass interferences in quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) determination of palladium using a flow injection on-line displacement solid-phase extraction protocol. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 61 (7): 864–869.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, X.P., Li, Y., and Jiang, Y. (2003) Selective measurement of ultratrace methylmercury in fish by flow injection on-line microcolumn displacement sorption preconcentration and separation coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 75 (10): 2251–2255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, P., Gao, Y., Cheng, G.L., Yang, W.S., Lv, Y., and Hou, X.D. (2008) Selective determination of trace amounts of silver in complicated matrices by displacement–cloud point extraction coupled with thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 23 (5): 752–757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, Y., Wu, P., Li, W., Xuan, Y.L., and Hou, X.D. (2010) Simultaneous and selective preconcentration of trace Cu and Ag by one-step displacement cloud point extraction for FAAS determination. Talanta, 81 (1–2): 586–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., Huang, Y.F., Jiang, Y., Tian, B.L., Han, F., and Yan, X.P. (2011) Displacement solid-phase extraction on mercapto-functionalized magnetite microspheres for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric determination of trace noble metals. Anal. Chim. Acta, 692 (1–2): 42–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, B.T. and Anslyn, E.V. (2006) Indicator-displacement assays. Coord. Chem. Rev., 250 (23–24): 3118–3127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabbrizzi, L., Marcotte, N., Stomeo, F., and Taglietti, A. (2002) Pyrophosphate detection in water by fluorescence competition assays: Inducing selectivity through the choice of the indicator. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 41 (20): 3811–3814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou, X.D., Ou, D.X., Li, Q.Q., and Li, Z. (2012) An indirect approach for anion detection: The displacement strategy and its application. Chem. Commun., 48 (68): 8462–8477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, K. and Sarkar, A.R. (2011) Pyridinium-based symmetrical diamides as chemosensors in visual sensing of citrate through indicator displacement assay (IDA) and gel formation. Org. Biomol. Chem., 9 (19): 6551–6558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiller, A., Wessling, R.A., and Singaram, B. (2007) A fluorescent sensor array for saccharides based on boronic acid appended bipyridinium salts. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 46 (34): 6457–6459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janowski, V. and Severin, K. (2011) Carbohydrate sensing with a metal-based indicator displacement assay. Chem. Commun., 47 (30): 8521–8523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, J., Wang, H.F., and Yan, X.P. (2009) Discrimination of saccharides with a fluorescent molecular imprinting sensor array based on phenylboronic acid functionalized mesoporous silica. Anal. Chem., 81 (13): 5273–5280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, S.K., Tu, K.X., and Yan, X.P. (2012) An indicator-displacement assay for naked-eye detection and quantification of histidine in human urine. Analyst, 137 (9): 2124–2128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greaney, M.J., Nguyen, M.A., Chang, C.C., Good, A., and Margerum, L.D. (2010) Indicator displacement assays for amino acids using Ni-NTA tethered to PAMAM dendrimers on controlled pore glass. Chem. Commun., 46 (29): 5337–5339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung, D. and Anslyn, E.V. (2008) Transitioning enantioselective indicator displacement assays for alpha-amino acids to protocols amenable to high-throughput screening. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130 (37): 12328–12333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung, D., Folmer-Andersen, J.F., Lynch, V.M., and Anslyn, E.V. (2008) Using enantioselective indicator displacement assays to determine the enantiomeric excess of alpha-amino acids. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130 (37): 12318–12327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiskur, S.L., Ait-Haddou, H., Lavigne, J.J., and Anslyn, E.V. (2001) Teaching old indicators new tricks. Acc. Chem. Res., 34 (12): 963–972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anslyn, E.V. (2007) Supramolecular analytical chemistry. J. Org. Chem., 72 (3): 687–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joyce, L.A., Shabbir, S.H., and Anslyn, E.V. (2010) The uses of supramolecular chemistry in synthetic methodology development: examples of anion and neutral molecular recognition. Chem. Soc. Rev., 39 (10): 3621–3632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yildiz, I., Tomasulo, M., and Raymo, F.M. (2006) A mechanism to signal receptor–substrate interactions with luminescent quantum dots. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103 (31): 11457–11460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, P. and Yan, X.-P. (2010) Ni2+-modulated homocysteine-capped CdTe quantum dots as a turn-on photoluminescent sensor for detecting histidine in biological fluids. Biosens. Bioelectron., 26 (2): 485–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, Y., Wang, X., Zhu, J.J., Zhong, S.H., and Song, G.W. (2012) Ni2+-modified gold nanoclusters for fluorescence turn-on detection of histidine in biological fluids. Analyst, 137 (17): 4005–4009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, J.S., Yu, T., Xie, J.W., and Jiang, Y.B. (2009) Photoluminescence of CdTe nanocrystals modulated by methylene blue and DNA. A label-free luminescent signaling nanohybrid platform. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11 (25): 5062–5069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordes, D.B., Gamsey, S., and Singaram, B. (2006) Fluorescent quantum dots with boronic acid substituted viologens to sense glucose in aqueous solution. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 45 (23): 3829–3832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, J.P., Guo, W.W., Yang, X.R., and Wang, E.K. (2009) Anticancer drug–DNA interactions measured using a photoinduced electron-transfer mechanism based on luminescent quantum dots. Anal. Chem., 81 (1): 362–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J.S., and Quang, D.T. (2007) Calixarene-derived fluorescent probes. Chem. Rev., 107 (9): 3780–3799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K. (2002) Mechanically interlocked molecules incorporating cucurbituril and their supramolecular assemblies. Chem. Soc. Rev., 31 (2): 96–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y. and Liu, Y. (2010) Cyclodextrin-based bioactive supramolecular assemblies. Chem. Soc. Rev., 39 (2): 495–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, C.P. and Li, H.B. (2010) Host-molecule-coated quantum dots as fluorescent sensors. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 397 (4): 1437–1444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, R., Finder, T., Bahshi, L., and Willner, I. (2009) Beta-cyclodextrin-modified CdSe/ZnS quantum dots for sensing and chiroselective analysis. Nano Lett., 9 (5): 2073–2076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilera-Sigalat, J., Casas-Solvas, J.M., Morant-Miñana, M.C., Vargas-Berenguel, A., Galian, R.E., and Pérez-Prieto, J. (2012) Quantum dot/cyclodextrin supramolecular systems based on efficient molecular recognition and their use for sensing. Chem. Commun., 48 (20): 2573–2575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunz, U.H.F. and Rotello, V.M. (2010) Gold nanoparticle–fluorophore complexes: Sensitive and discerning “noses” for biosystems sensing. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 49 (19): 3268–3279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saha, K., Agasti, S.S., Kim, C., Li, X.N., and Rotello, V.M. (2012) Gold nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing. Chem. Rev., 112 (5): 2739–2779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dulkeith, E., Morteani, A.C., Niedereichholz, T., Klar, T.A., Feldmann, J., Levi, S.A., van Veggel, F., Reinhoudt, D.N., Möller, M., and Gittins, D.I. (2002) Fluorescence quenching of dye molecules near gold nanoparticles: Radiative and nonradiative effects. Phys. Rev. Lett., 89 (20): 203002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ipe, B.I., Thomas, K.G., Barazzouk, S., Hotchandani, S., and Kamat, P.V. (2002) Photoinduced charge separation in a fluorophore–gold nanoassembly. J. Phys. Chem. B, 106 (1): 18–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, I.B., Han, M.H., Phillips, R.L., Samanta, B., Rotello, V.M., Zhang, Z.J., and Bunz, U.H.F. (2009) Nano-conjugate fluorescence probe for the discrimination of phosphate and pyrophosphate. Chem. Eur. J., 15 (2): 449–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh, D.J., Kim, K.M., and Ahn, K.H. (2011) Nanoparticle-based indicator-displacement assay for pyrophosphate. Chem. Asian J., 6 (8): 2033–2038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou, S.S., De, M., Luo, J.Y., Rotello, V.M., Huang, J.X., and Dravid, V.P. (2012) Nanoscale graphene oxide (nGO) as artificial receptors: Implications for biomolecular interactions and sensing. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134 (40): 16725–16733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang, L., Jin, L.H., and Dong, S.J. (2009) Sensitive turn-on fluorescent detection of cyanide based on the dissolution of fluorophore functionalized gold nanoparticles. Chem. Commun., (21): 3077–3079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J.L., Zheng, A.F., Chen, A.H., Gao, Y.C., He, C.Y., Kai, X.M., Wu, G.H., and Chen, Y.C. (2007) A functionalized gold nanoparticles and rhodamine 6G based fluorescent sensor for high sensitive and selective detection of mercury(II) in environmental water samples. Anal. Chim. Acta, 599 (1): 134–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, X.R., Liu, H.B., Li, Y.L., Wang, S., Li, Y.J., Wang, N., Xiao, J.C., Xu, X.H., and Zhu, D.B. (2005) Gold nanoparticle–based fluorometric and colorimetric sensing of copper(II) ions. Adv. Mater., 17 (23): 2811–2815.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang, L., Yin, J.Y., Li, J., Jin, L.H., and Dong, S.J. (2009) Gold nanoparticle–based near-infrared fluorescent detection of biological thiols in human plasma. Biosens. Bioelectron., 25 (2): 269–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, C.H., Wang, S., Hong, J.W., Bazan, G.C., Plaxco, K.W., and Heeger, A.J. (2003) Beyond superquenching: Hyper-efficient energy transfer from conjugated polymers to gold nanoparticles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100 (11): 6297–6301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang, L., Qin, C.J., Wang, T., Wang, M., Wang, L.X., and Dong, S.J. (2007) Fluorescent conjugated polymer-stabilized gold nanoparticles for sensitive and selective detection of cysteine. J. Phys. Chem. C, 111 (36): 13414–13417.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You, C.C., Miranda, O.R., Gider, B., Ghosh, P.S., Kim, I.B., Erdogan, B., Krovi, S.A., Bunz, U.H.F., and Rotello, V.M. (2007) Detection and identification of proteins using nanoparticle-fluorescent polymer “chemical nose” sensors. Nat. Nanotechnol., 2 (5): 318–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De, M., Miranda, O.R., Rana, S., and Rotello, V.M. (2009) Size and geometry dependent protein–nanoparticle self-assembly. Chem. Commun. (16): 2157–2159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, R.L., Miranda, O.R., You, C.C., Rotello, V.M., and Bunz, U.H.F. (2008) Rapid and efficient identification of bacteria using gold-nanoparticle-poly(para-phenyleneethynylene) constructs. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 47 (14): 2590–2594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajaj, A., Miranda, O.R., Kim, I.B., Phillips, R.L., Jerry, D.J., Bunz, U.H.F., and Rotello, V.M. (2009) Detection and differentiation of normal, cancerous, and metastatic cells using nanoparticle–polymer sensor arrays. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106 (27): 10912–10916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajaj, A., Miranda, O.R., Phillips, R., Kim, I.B., Jerry, D.J., Bunz, U.H.F., and Rotello, V.M. (2010) Array-based sensing of normal, cancerous, and metastatic cells using conjugated fluorescent polymers. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132 (3): 1018–1022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miranda, O.R., Creran, B., and Rotello, V.M. (2010) Array-based sensing with nanoparticles: “Chemical noses” for sensing biomolecules and cell surfaces. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 14 (6): 728–736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halkyard, C.E., Rampey, M.E., Kloppenburg, L., Studer-Martinez, S.L., and Bunz, U.H.F. (1998) Evidence of aggregate formation for 2,5-dialkylpoly(p-phenyleneethynylenes) in solution and thin films. Macromolecules, 31 (25): 8655–8659.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsien, R.Y. (2009) Constructing and exploiting the fluorescent protein paintbox (Nobel lecture). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 48 (31): 5612–5626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De, M., Rana, S., Akpinar, H., Miranda, O.R., Arvizo, R.R., Bunz, U.H.F., and Rotello, V.M. (2009) Sensing of proteins in human serum using conjugates of nanoparticles and green fluorescent protein. Nat. Chem., 1 (6): 461–465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajaj, A., Rana, S., Miranda, O.R., Yawe, J.C., Jerry, D.J., Bunz, U.H.F., and Rotello, V.M. (2010) Cell surface–based differentiation of cell types and cancer states using a gold nanoparticle–GFP based sensing array. Chem. Sci., 1 (1): 134–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rana, S., Singla, A.K., Bajaj, A., Elci, S.G., Miranda, O.R., Mout, R., Yan, B., Jirik, F.R., and Rotello, V.M. (2012) Array-based sensing of metastatic cells and tissues using nanoparticle–fluorescent protein conjugates. ACS Nano, 6 (9): 8233–8240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miranda, O.R., Chen, H.T., You, C.C., Mortenson, D.E., Yang, X.C., Bunz, U.H.F., and Rotello, V.M. (2010) Enzyme-amplified array sensing of proteins in solution and in biofluids. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132 (14): 5285–5289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miranda, O.R., Li, X.N., Garcia-Gonzalez, L., Zhu, Z.J., Yan, B., Bunz, U.H.F., and Rotello, V.M. (2011) Colorimetric bacteria sensing using a supramolecular enzyme–nanoparticle biosensor. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133 (25): 9650–9653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, N.T. and Shimizu, K.D. (2005) Colorimetric molecularly imprinted polymer sensor array using dye displacement. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127 (15): 5695–5700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dsouza, R.N., Pischel, U., and Nau, W.M. (2011) Fluorescent dyes and their supramolecular host/guest complexes with macrocycles in aqueous solution. Chem. Rev., 111 (12): 7941–7980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, S., Ali, M., Kamath, G., Pandey, S., Baker, S.N., and Baker, G.A. (2012) Binding of the ionic liquid cation 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium to p-tetranitrocalix 4 arene probed by fluorescent indicator displacement. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 403 (8): 2361–2366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siripornnoppakhun, W., Niamnont, N., Krumsri, A., Tumcharern, G., Vilaiyan, T., Rashatasakhon, P., Thayumanavan, S., and Sukwattanasinittt, M. (2012) Inclusion complexes between amphiphilic phenyleneethynylene fluorophores and cyclodextrins in aqueous media. J. Phys. Chem. B, 116 (40): 12268–12274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dsouza, R.N., Hennig, A., and Nau, W.M. (2012) Supramolecular tandem enzyme assays. Chem. Eur. J., 18 (12): 3444–3459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florea, M., Kudithipudi, S., Rei, A., González-Álvarez, M.J., Jeltsch, A., and Nau, W.M. (2012) A fluorescence-based supramolecular tandem assay for monitoring lysine methyltransferase activity in homogeneous solution. Chem. Eur. J., 18 (12): 3521–3528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, D.S., Uzunova, V.D., Su, X., Liu, Y., and Nau, W.M. (2011) Operational calixarene-based fluorescent sensing systems for choline and acetylcholine and their application to enzymatic reactions. Chem. Sci., 2 (9): 1722–1734.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishijima, M., Pace, T.C.S., Nakamura, A., Mori, T., Wada, T., Bohne, C., and Inoue, Y. (2007) Supramolecular photochirogenesis with biomolecules. Mechanistic studies on the enantiodifferentiation for the photocyclodimerization of 2-anthracenecarboxylate mediated by bovine serum albumin. J. Org. Chem., 72 (8): 2707–2715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, M.M. and Anslyn, E.V. (2009) Differential sensing using proteins: Exploiting the cross-reactivity of serum albumin to pattern individual terpenes and terpenes in perfume. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131 (47): 17068–17069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubarych, C.J., Adams, M.M., and Anslyn, E.V. (2010) Serum albumins as differential receptors for the discrimination of fatty acids and oils. Org. Lett., 12 (21): 4780–4783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivy, M.A., Gallagher, L.T., Ellington, A.D., and Anslyn, E.V. (2012) Exploration of plasticizer and plastic explosive detection and differentiation with serum albumin cross-reactive arrays. Chem. Sci., 3 (6): 1773–1779.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres, D.A., Azagarsamy, M.A., and Thayumanavan, S. (2012) Supramolecular displacement-mediated activation of a silent fluorescence probe for label-free ligand screening. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134 (17): 7235–7237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinds, J.A., Pincombe, C.F., Kanowski, R.K., Day, S.A., Sanderson, J.C., and Duffy, P. (1984) Ligand displacement immunoassay: A novel enzyme immunoassay demonstrated for measuring theophylline in serum. Clin. Chem., 30 (7): 1174–1178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holt, D.B., Kusterbeck, A.W., and Ligler, F.S. (2000) Continuous flow displacement immunosensors: A computational study. Anal. Biochem., 287 (2): 234–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabbany, S.Y., Lane, W.J., Marganski, W.A., Kusterbeck, A.W., and Ligler, F.S. (2000) Trace detection of explosives using a membrane-based displacement immunoassay. J. Immunol. Meth., 246 (1–2): 69–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, T.M., Charles, P.T., and Anderson, G.P. (2002) Detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in seawater using a reversed-displacement immunosensor. Anal. Biochem., 310 (1): 36–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman, E.R., Anderson, G.P., Lebedev, N., Lingerfelt, B.M., Winter, P.T., Patterson, C.H., and Mauro, J.M. (2003) Analysis of aqueous 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using a fluorescent displacement immunoassay. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 375 (4): 471–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charles, P.T., Adams, A.A., Howell, P.B., Trammell, S.A., Deschamps, J.R., and Kusterbeck, A.W. (2010) Fluorescence-based sensing of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using a multi-channeled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microimmunosensor. Sensors, 10 (1): 876–889.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromage, E.S., Lackie, T., Unger, M.A., Ye, J., and Kaattari, S.L. (2007) The development of a real-time biosensor for the detection of trace levels of trinitrotoluene (TNT) in aquatic environments. Biosens. Bioelectron., 22 (11): 2532–2538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lates, V., Yang, C., Popescu, I.C., and Marty, J.L. (2012) Displacement immunoassay for the detection of ochratoxin A using ochratoxin B modified glass beads. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 402 (9): 2861–2870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haes, A.J., Terray, A., and Collins, G.E. (2006) Bead-assisted displacement immunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxin B on a microchip. Anal. Chem., 78 (24): 8412–8420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Voort, D., Pelsers, M., Korf, J., Hermens, W.T., and Glatz, J.F.C. (2003) Development of a displacement immunoassay for human heart-type fatty acid–binding protein in plasma: The basic conditions. Biosens. Bioelectron., 19 (5): 465–471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman, E.R., Medintz, I.L., Whitley, J.L., Hayhurst, A., Clapp, A.R., Uyeda, H.T., Deschamps, J.R., Lassman, M.E., and Mattoussi, H. (2005) A hybrid quantum dot–antibody fragment fluorescence resonance energy transfer–based TNT sensor. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127 (18): 6744–6751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kattke, M.D., Gao, E.J., Sapsford, K.E., Stephenson, L.D., and Kumar, A. (2011) FRET-based quantum dot immunoassay for rapid and sensitive detection of Aspergillus amstelodami. Sensors, 11 (6): 6396–6410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, J.C., Tomlinson, I.D., Warnement, M.R., Iwamoto, H., DeFelice, L.J., Blakely, R.D., and Rosenthal, S.J. (2011) A fluorescence displacement assay for antidepressant drug discovery based on ligand-conjugated quantum dots. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133 (44): 17528–17531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, D.M., Jia, W.P., Liang, H.D., and Yan, X.P. (2007) Flow injection on-line displacement sorption preconcentration coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of trace lead in biological samples. Chin. J. Anal. Chem., 35 (11): 1643–1646.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, W.J. and Yang, X.T. (2005) On-line FI displacement sorption preconcentration coupled with FAAS for trace sliver analysis in geological materials. Yankuang Ceshi, 24 (3): 197–200.
   Google Scholar
• Christou, C.K. and Anthemidis, A.N. (2009) Flow injection on-line displacement/solid phase extraction system coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for selective trace silver determination in water samples. Talanta, 78 (1): 144–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, P. and Zhao, E.H. (2011) Determination of trace palladium in complicated matrices by displacement dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchim. Acta, 174 (1–2): 153–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia, W.P., Han, D.M., Gao, T., and Li, F. (2009) Flow injection on-line displacement solid phase extraction coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for the selective determination of trace cadmium. At. Spectrosc., 30 (6): 201–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, L.P., Gong, Q.J., Sun, H., Yang, B.W., and Zhu, Y.D. (2010) Displacement solid phase extraction as preconcentration method for the determination of trace copper in water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. At. Spectrosc., 31 (6): 201–205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, B.W., Zhao, L.P., Sun, H., Ma, H.X., Meng, L.X., Ren, N.N., and Qin, J.X. (2011) Selective quantification of trace silver in water samples by displacement solidified floating organic drop microextraction coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrosc. Lett., 44 (5): 340–346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, B.Y., Yuan, J.P., and Wang, E.K. (2009) Sensitive and selective sensor for biothiols in the cell based on the recovered fluorescence of the CdTe quantum dots–Hg(II) system. Anal. Chem., 81 (13): 5569–5573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang, L., Zhang, L.H., and Dong, S.J. (2009) Turn-on fluorescent cyanide sensor based on copper ion–modified CdTe quantum dots. Analyst, 134 (1): 107–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, L., Lin, Y.H., Huang, Z.Z., Ren, J.S., and Qu, X.G. (2012) Carbon nanodots as fluorescence probes for rapid, sensitive, and label-free detection of Hg2+ and biothiols in complex matrices. Chem. Commun., 48 (8): 1147–1149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touceda-Varela, A., Stevenson, E.I., Galve-Gasion, J.A., Dryden, D.T.F., and Mareque-Rivas, J.C. (2008) Selective turn-on fluorescence detection of cyanide in water using hydrophobic CdSe quantum dots. Chem. Commun., (17): 1998–2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maldonado, C.R., Touceda-Varela, A., Jones, A.C., and Mareque-Rivas, J.C. (2011) A turn-on fluorescence sensor for cyanide from mechanochemical reactions between quantum dots and copper complexes. Chem. Commun., 47 (42): 11700–11702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., Zhu, K., Ding, T., Hu, X., Sun, Q., and Xu, C. (2013) Quantum dot–phenanthroline dyads: Detection of double-stranded DNA using a photoinduced hole transfer mechanism. Analyst, 138 (3): 887–893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia, Y.S., Wang, J.J., Zhang, Y.Z., Song, L., Ye, J.J., Yang, G., and Tan, K.H. (2012) Quantum dot based turn-on fluorescent probes for anion sensing. Nanoscale, 4 (19): 5954–5959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, D., Chan, W.H., He, Z.K., and Qiu, T. (2009) Quantum dot–ruthenium complex dyads: Recognition of double-strand DNA through dual-color fluorescence detection. Anal. Chem., 81 (9): 3537–3543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, J.Q., Pei, D.J., and Guo, X.Q. (2012) Quantum dot–Eu3+ conjugate as a luminescence turn-on sensor for ultrasensitive detection of nucleoside triphosphates. Talanta, 99: 939–943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Z., Liu, S., Wang, X., Li, P., and He, Y. (2013) A novel quantum dots-based OFF–ON fluorescent biosensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of double-strand DNA. Sens. Actuators B, 176: 1147–1153.
   Google Scholar