Regional curves to support stream restoration initiatives in Southern Ontario

References

• Anderson, R. J., B. P. Bledsoe, and W. C. Hession. 2004. Width of streams and rivers in response to vegetation, bank material, and other factors. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 40: 1159–1172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annable, W. K. 1994. Database of Morphologic Characteristics of Watercourses in Southern Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Toronto, Ontario: Queen’s Printer for Ontario, pp. 212. ISBN # 0-7778-5112-1.
   Google Scholar
• Annable, W. K., C. C. Watson, and P. J. Thompson. 2010. Quasi-equilibrium conditions of urban gravel-bed channels in Southern Ontario, Canada. River Research and Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Bent, G. C., and A. M. Waite. 2013. Equations for Estimating Bankfull Geometry and Discharge for Streams in Massachusetts. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5155. 62 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Bidelspach, D. 2013. Comparison and Use of Regional Curves in the Southwest and Nationwide. Presentation at Southwest Stream and Wetland Restoration Conference. San Antonio, TX, May 28–30, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Biedenharn, D. S., R. R. Copeland, C. R. Thorne, P. J. Soar, R. D. Hey, and C. C. Watson. 2000. Effective Discharge Calculation: A Practical Guide. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory Report ERDC/CHL TR-00-15.
   Google Scholar
• Booth, D. B. 1990. Stream-channel incision following drainage-basin urbanization. Water Resources Bulletin 26: 407–417.
   Google Scholar
• Chapman, L. J., and D. F. Putnam. 1984. The Physiography of Southern Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume 2, 270 p. Accompanied by Map P.2715 (coloured), scale 1:600 000.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, V. T. 1959. Open Channel Hydraulics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
   Google Scholar
• Copeland, R. R., D. S. Biedenharn, and J. C. Fischenich. 2000. Channel Forming Discharge. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Technical Note ERDC/CHL CHETN-VIII-5.
   Google Scholar
• Cowan, W. L. 1956. Estimating hydraulic roughness coefficients. Agricultural Engineering 37: 473–475.
   Google Scholar
• Doll, B. A., A. D. Dobbins, J. Spooner, D. R. Clinton, and D. A. Bidelspach. 2002. Hydraulic Geometry Relationships for Rural North Carolina Coastal Plain Streams. Report prepared for North Carolina Stream Restoration Institute, Report to N.C. Division of Water Quality.
   Google Scholar
• Dunne, T., and L. B. Leopold. 1978. Water and Environmental Planning. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Dury, G. H. 1976. Discharge prediction, present and former, from channel dimensions. Journal of Hydrology 30: 219–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaeuman, D., J. C. Schmidt, and P. R. Wilcock. 2005. Complex channel responses to changes in stream flow and sediment supply on the lower Duchesne River, Utah. Geomorphology 64: 185–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garday, T. 2015. The Study of Most Probable Mean Daily Bankfull Runoff Volumes in Small Watersheds dominated by Convective/Frontal Channel-Forming Events and the Co-incident Inner Berm Channel. Technical Paper presented at SEDHYD 2015, Joint 10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference and 5th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference, Reno, Nevada, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Hammer, T. R. 1972. Stream channel enlargement due to urbanization. Water Resources Research 8 (6): 1530–1540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harman C., M. Stewardson, and R. DeRose. 2008. Variability and uncertainty in reach bankfull hydraulic geometry. Journal of Hydrology 351: 13–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hession, W. C. 2001. Riparian forest and urban hydrology influences on stream channel morphology: implications for restoration. A.S.C.E. Conference Paper. doi:10.1061/40569(2001)152.
   Google Scholar
• Hollis G. E. 1975. The effect of urbanization on floods of different recurrence intervals. Water Resources Research 11(3): 431–435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson P. A., and B. J. Fecko. 2008. Regional Channel Geometry Equations: A Statistical Comparison for Physiographic Provinces in the Eastern U.S. River Research and Applications 24(6): 823–834.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karrow, P. F. 1987. Quaternary Geology of the Cambridge Area, Southern Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2508, scale 1:50 000.
   Google Scholar
• Karrow, P. F. 1993a. Quaternary Geology, Stratford Area; Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2559, scale 1:50 000.
   Google Scholar
• Karrow, P. F. 1993b. Quaternary Geology, Conestogo Area; Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2558, scale 1:50 000.
   Google Scholar
• Karrow, P.F., and J. Easton. 2005. Quaternary Geology of the Brampton Area; Ontario Geological Survey, Map 2223, scale 1:50 000.
   Google Scholar
• Knighton, D. 1998. Fluvial Forms and Processes: A New Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kondolf G. M., and E. R. Micheli. 1995. Evaluating stream restoration projects. Environmental Management 19: 1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leopold, L.B. 1968. Hydrology for Urban Land Planning – A Guidebook on the Hydrologic Effects of Urban Land Use. U.S. Geological Survey Geological Survey Circular 554.
   Google Scholar
• Leopold, L. B. 1994. A View of the River. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Leopold, L. B., M. G. Wolman, and J. P. Miller. 1964. Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology. San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman Co, 511 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Leopold, L. B., and T. Maddock. 1953. The hydraulic geometry of stream channels and some physiographic implications. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 252.
   Google Scholar
• MacRae, C. R. 1997. Experience from morphological research on Canadian streams: is control of the two-year frequency runoff event the best basis for stream channel protection? In: Effects of Watershed Development and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, ed. Rosener, L.A. Proceedings of an Engineering Foundation Conference. New York, NY: ASCE, pp. 144–162.
   Google Scholar
• McCandless, T. L. 2003. Maryland Stream Survey: Bankfull Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in the Coastal Plain Hydrologic Region. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report CBFO-S03-02.
   Google Scholar
• Mulvihill, C. I., and B. P. Baldigo. 2012. Optimizing Bankfull Discharge and Hydraulic Geometry Relationships for Streams in New York State. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 48: 449–463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulvihill, C. I., A. G. Ernst, and B. P. Baldigo. 2006. Regionalized Equations for Bankfull-Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State: Hydrologic Region 7 in Western New York. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5075. Online Only.
   Google Scholar
• Murgatroyd, A. L., and J. L. Ternan. 1983. The impact of afforestation on stream bank erosion and channel form. Earth Surfaces Processes and Landforms 8: 357–369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natural Resources Canada. 2018. The Atlas of Canada – Toporama. http://atlas.gc.ca/toporama/en/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (OMNRF). 2015. Ontario Flow Assessment Tool (OFAT). https://www.gisapplication.lrc.gov.on.ca/OFAT/Index.html?site=OFAT&viewer=OFAT&locale=en-US.
   Google Scholar
• Petit, F., and A. Pauquet. 1997. Bankfull discharge recurrence interval in gravel-bed rivers. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 22: 685–693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachol, C. M., and Boley-Morse, K. 2009. Estimated bankfull discharge for selected Michigan rivers and regional hydraulic geometry curves for estimating bankfull characteristics in southern Michigan rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5133, 17 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Rosgen, D. 1994. A classification of natural rivers. Catena 22:169–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosgen, D. 2011. Natural Channel Design (NCD): Fundamental concepts, assumptions and methods. In Stream restoration in dynamic fluvial systems: scientific approaches, analyses, and tools, eds. A. Simon, S.J. Bennett, and J.M. Castro. Geophysical Monograph Series 194, 69–93. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union.
   Google Scholar
• Sharpe, D. R. 1980. Quaternary Geology of Toronto and Surrounding Area; Ontario Geological Survey Preliminary Map P.2204, Geological Series. Scale 1:100 000. Compiled 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Simon, A., and M. Rinaldi. 2006. Disturbance, Stream Incision, and Channel Evolution: The Roles of Excess Transport Capacity and Boundary Materials in Controlling Channel Response. Geomorphology 79: 361–383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stantec Consulting Ltd. 2014. Michigan Lake Plain Regional Reference Curves Project: Revised Bankfull Discharge for Selected Michigan Rivers and Regional Hydraulic Geometry Curves for Estimating Bankfull Characteristics in Southern Michigan. Project 2011-0100. Unpublished.
   Google Scholar
• Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA). 2009. Evaluating the Effectiveness of ‘Natural’ Channel Design Projects: An Introduction and Preliminary Assessment of Sites in TRCA’s Jurisdiction. Report prepared by Geomorphic Solutions, Sernas Group Inc., The Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, and LGL Limited. 259 pp.
   Google Scholar
• United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2017. Regional Hydraulic Geometry Curves, available online at www.usda.gov.
   Google Scholar
• Watson, C. W., D. S. Biedenharn, and S. H. Scott. 1999. Channel Rehabilitation: Processes, Design, and Implementation. Published by U.S. Army Engineer research and Development Centre, Vicksburg, MS.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, G. P. 1978. Bankfull discharge of rivers. Water Resources Research 14: 1141–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolman, M. G., and J. P. Miller. 1960. Magnitude and frequency of forces in geomorphic processes. Journal of Geology 68: 54–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar