542
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Introduction

Introduction

Pages 525-535 | Published online: 29 Sep 2009

References

  • Blondel , J. , Sinnott , R. and Svensson , P. 1998 . People and Parliament in the European Union , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Campbell , A. 1960 . Surge and decline. A study of electoral change . Public Opinion Quarterly , 24 ( 3 ) : 397 – 418 .
  • Laakso , M.L. and Taagepera , R. 1979 . Effective number of parties: A measure with application to West Europe . Comparative Political Studies , 12 ( 1 ) : 3 – 27 .
  • Marsh , M. 1998 . Testing the second‐order election model after four European Parliament elections . British Jounal for Political Science , 28 ( 4 ) : 591 – 607 .
  • Reif , K. 1984 . National electoral cycles and European elections . Electoral Studies , 3 ( 3 ) : 244 – 55 .
  • Reif , K. and Schmitt , H. 1980 . Nine second order national elections: A conceptual framework for the analysis of European election results . European Journal of Political Research , 8 ( 1 ) : 3 – 44 .
  • Schmitt , H. 2005 . The European Parliament election of June 2004: Still second‐order? . West European Politics , 28 ( 3 ) : 650 – 79 .
  • Schmitt , H. , Loveless , M. , Braun , D. and Adam , S. , eds. 2009 . European Election Study 2004: Design, data description, and documentation. , 2nd ed. , Mannheim : MZES, University of Mannheim .
  • Schmitt , H. , Sanz , A. and Braun , D. 2009 . “ Motive individuellen Wahlverhaltens in Nebenwahlen: Eine theoretische Rekonstruktion und empirische Überprüfung ” . In Wahlen and Wähler. Analysen aus Anlass der Bundestagswahl 2005 , Edited by: Gabriel , O.W. , Weßels , B. and Falter , J. W. 585 – 605 . Wiesbaden : VS Verlag .
  • Van der Eijk , C. and Schmitt , H. 2009 . “ Legitimacy and electoral abstentions in European Parliament elections ” . In The legitimacy of the European Union after enlargement , Edited by: Thomassen , Jacques . 208 – 24 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.