971
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Defending Europe from below: pro-European activism in Germany and the UK and its contribution to the politicisation of Europe

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Albath, K. 2018 ”A Qualitative Framing Analysis of Pulse of Europe as a Social Movement Organisation”. Bachelor's Thesis, University of Applied Sciences OTH Regensburg, Germany.
  • Amenta, E., N. Caren, E. Chiarello, and Y. Su. 2010. “The Political Consequences of Social Movements.” Annual Review of Sociology 36 (1): 287–307. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-120029.
  • Aslanidis, P. 2018. “Populism as a Collective Action Master Frame for Transnational Mobilization.” Sociological Forum 33 (2): 443–464. https://doi.org/10.1111/socf.12424.
  • Ayoub, P., and A. Chetaille. 2020. “Movement/Countermovement Interaction and Instrumental Framing in a Multi-Level World: Rooting Polish Lesbian and Gay Activism.” Social Movement Studies 19 (1): 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2017.1338941.
  • Benford, R., and D. Snow. 2000. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology 26 (1): 611–639. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611.
  • Blee, K., and E. Yates. 2015. “The Place of Race in Conservative and Far-Right Movements.” Sociology of Race & Ethnicity 1 (1): 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649214555031.
  • Blokker, P. 2021. “Introduction: Imagining Europe. Transnational Contestation and Civic Populism.” In Imagining Europe: Transnational Contestation and Civic Populism, edited by P. Blokker, 1–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81369-7_1.
  • Bosi, L., M. Giugni, and K. Uba, eds. 2016. The Consequences of Social Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316337790.
  • Brändle, V., C. Galpin, and H. Trenz. 2018. “Marching for Europe? Enacting European Citizenship as Justice During Brexit.” Citizenship Studies 22 (8): 810–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2018.1531825.
  • Brändle, V., C. Galpin, and H. Trenz. 2022. “Brexit as “Politics of division”: Social Media Campaigning After the Referendum.” Social Movement Studies 21 (1–2): 234–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2021.1928484.
  • Caiani, M., and M. Weisskircher. 2020. “How Many “Europes”? Left-Wing and Right-Wing Social Movements and Their Visions of Europe.” In The Handbook of Contemporary European Social Movements, edited by C. Flesher Fominaya and R. Feenstra, 30–45. Oxon: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351025188-3.
  • Caiani, M., and M. Weisskircher. 2022. “Anti-Nationalist Europeans and Pro-European Nativists on the Streets: Visions of Europe from the Left to the Far Right.” Social Movement Studies 21 (1–2): 216–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2021.2010527.
  • Císař, O., and M. Weisskircher. 2021. “Left-Wing Social Movements Between Strong European Identities and the Challenges of Transnational Activism: The Case of DiEm25.” In Imagining Europe: Transnational Contestation and Civic Populism, edited by P. Blokker, 33–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81369-7_2.
  • De Cleen, B., B. Moffitt, P. Panayotu, and Y. Stavrakakis. 2020. “The Potentials and Difficulties of Transnational Populism: The Case of the Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 (DiEm25).” Political Studies 68 (1): 146–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321719847576.
  • della Porta, D. 2020. “Europeanisation from Below: Still Time for Another Europe? Introduction to the Special Issue of the.” European Journal of Cultural and Political Sociology 7 (3): 225–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/23254823.2020.1813455.
  • della Porta, D. 2022. “From Another Europe to Beyond Europe? Visions of Europe in Movements.” Social Movement Studies 21 (1–2): 180–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2021.1993182.
  • della Porta, D., and M. Caiani. 2009. Social Movements and Europeanization. Oxford: Oxford University Press). https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557783.001.0001.
  • de Wilde, P. 2011. “No Polity for Old Politics? A Framework for Analyzing the Politicization of European Integration.” Journal of European Integration 33 (5): 559–575. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2010.546849.
  • de Wilde, P., A. Leupold, and H. Schmidtke. 2016. “Introduction: The Differentiated Politicization of European Governance.” West European Politics 39 (1): 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2015.1081505.
  • Diez Medrano, J. 2003. Framing Europe: Attitudes to European Integration in Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom. New Jersey: Princeton University Press). https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400832576.
  • Dolezal, M., S. Hutter, and R. Becker. 2016. “Protesting European Integration: Politicisation from Below?” In Politicising Europe. Integration and Mass Politics, edited by S. Hutter, E. Grande, and H. Kriesi, 112–134. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316422991.006.
  • Fagan, A., and S. van Kessel. 2023. The Failure of Remain: Anti-Brexit Activism in the United Kingdom. Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press.
  • Gamson, W. 1992. Talking Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Gamson, W., and D. Meyer. 1996. “Framing Political Opportunity.” In Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings, edited by D. McAdam, J. McCarthy, and M. Zald, 275–290. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803987.014.
  • Gerhards, J., and D. Rucht. 1992. “Mesomobilization: Organizing and Framing in Two Pro-Test Campaigns in West Germany.” American Journal 98 (3): 555–595. https://doi.org/10.1086/230049.
  • Gerring, J. 2001. Social Science Methodology a Criterial Framework. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815492.
  • Gheyle, N. 2019. “Conceptualizing the Parliamentarization and Politicization of European Policies.” Politics & Governance 7 (3): 227–236. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v7i3.2144.
  • Giugni, M. 2007. “Useless Protest? A Time-Series Analysis of the Policy Outcomes of Ecology, Antinuclear, and Peace Movements in the United States, 1977-1995.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 12 (1): 53–77. https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.12.1.b05j1087v7pxg382.
  • Grande, E., and H. Kriesi. 2016. “Conclusion: The Postfunctionalists Were (Almost) right’.” In Politicising Europe. Integration and Mass Politics, edited by S. Hutter, E. Grande, and H. Kriesi, 279–300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316422991.012.
  • Helbling, M., D. Höglinger, and B. Wüest. 2010. “How Political Parties Frame European Integration.” European Journal of Political Research 49 (4): 495–521.
  • Hooghe, L., and G. Marks. 2009. “A Postfunctionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus.” British Journal of Political Science 39 (1): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123408000409.
  • Hutter, S., and E. Grande. 2014. “Politicizing Europe in the National Electoral Arena: A Comparative Analysis of Five West European Countries, 1970–2010.” Journal of Common Market Studies 52 (5): 1002–1018. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12133.
  • Hutter, S., E. Grande, and H. Kriesi, eds. 2016. Politicising Europe. Integration and Mass Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316422991.
  • Hutter, S., and H. Kriesi. 2019. “Politicizing Europe in Times of Crisis.” Journal of European Public Policy 26 (7): 996–1017. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1619801.
  • Imig, D., and S. Tarrow, eds. 2001. Contentious Europeans: Protest and Politics in an Emerging Polity. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield).
  • Kaldor, M., and S. Selchow, eds. 2015. Subterranean Politics in Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan). https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137441478.
  • Kriesi, H. 2016. “The Politicization of European Integration.” Journal of Common Market Studies 54 (S1): 32–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12406.
  • Kurzman, C. 2008. “Introduction: Meaning-Making in Social Movements.” Anthropological Quarterly 81 (1): 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1353/anq.2008.0003.
  • Marks, G., and D. McAdam. 1996. “Social Movements and the Changing Structure of Political Opportunity in the European Union.” West European Politics 19 (2): 249–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402389608425133.
  • McAdam, D., J. McCarthy, and M. Zald. 1996. “Introduction: Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Framing Processes – Towards a Synthetic, Comparative Perspective on Social Movements.” In Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings, edited by D. McAdam, J. McCarthy, and M. Zald, 1–20. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803987.002.
  • McAdam, D., S. Tarrow, and C. Tilly. 2001. Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805431.
  • McCaffrey, D., and J. Keys. 2000. “Competitive Framing Processes in the Abortion Debate: Polarization-Vilification, Frame Saving, and Frame Debunking.” The Sociological Quarterly 41 (1): 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2000.tb02365.x.
  • McVeigh, R. 1999. “Structural Incentives for Conservative Mobilization: Power Devaluation and the Rise of the Ku Klux Klan, 1915-1925.” Social Forces 77 (4): 1461–1496. https://doi.org/10.2307/3005883.
  • Mottl, T. 1980. “The Analysis of Countermovements.” Social Problems 27 (5): 620–635. https://doi.org/10.2307/800200.
  • Pirro, A., and S. van Kessel. 2018. “Populist Eurosceptic Trajectories in Italy and the Netherlands During the European Crises.” Politics 38 (3): 327–343. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263395718769511.
  • PoE. n.d. a. ”Pulse of Europe – About Us.“ Accessed 31 October 2022. https://pulseofeurope.eu/en/about-us/
  • PoE. n.d. b. ”Pulse of Europe – What is at Stake?” Accessed October 31 2022. https://pulseofeurope.eu/en/what-is-at-stake/
  • Rone, J. 2022. “Instrumentalising Sovereignty Claims in British Pro- and Anti-Brexit Mobilisations.” The British Journal of Politics & International Relations . Published online. https://doi.org/10.1177/13691481221089136.
  • Scharenberg, A. 2021. “Alter- Not Pro-European: The Question of Europe in Transnational Activist Networks.” In Imagining Europe: Transnational Contestation and Civic Populism, edited by P. Blokker, 59–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81369-7_3.
  • Schmidt, V. 2019. “Politicization in the EU: Between National Politics and EU Political Dynamics.” Journal of European Public Policy 26 (7): 1018–1036. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1619189.
  • Schradie, J. 2019. The Revolution That Wasn’t. How Digital Activism Favors Conservatives. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press).
  • Smith, W. 2021. “Social Movement Framing Tasks and Contemporary Racisms: Diagnostic and Prognostic Forms.” Sociology of Race & Ethnicity 7 (2): 194–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649220922564.
  • Snow, D., and R. Benford. 1992. “Master Frames and Cycles of Protest.” In Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by A Morris and C McClurg Mueller, 133–155. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press.
  • Snow, D., E. Burke Rochford, S. Worden, and R. Benford. 1986. “Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation.” American Sociological Review 51 (4): 464–481. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095581.
  • Statham, P., and H. Trenz. 2015. “Understanding the Mechanisms of EU Politicization: Lessons from the Eurozone Crisis.” Comparative European Politics 13 (3): 287–306. https://doi.org/10.1057/cep.2013.30.
  • Tilly, C., and S. Tarrow. 2015. Contentious Politics. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  • van Kessel, S., and A. Fagan. 2022. “Mobilising Around Europe: A Conceptual Framework and Introduction to the Special Section.” Social Movement Studies 21 (1–2): 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2022.2029392.
  • Voltolini, B., M. Natorski, and C. Hay. 2020. “Introduction: The Politicisation of Permanent Crisis in Europe.” Journal of European Integration 42 (5): 609–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2020.1792460.
  • Zamponi, L. 2012. ““Why Don’t Italians Occupy?” Hypotheses on a Failed Mobilisation.” Social Movement Studies 11 (3–4): 416–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2012.708833.