205
Views
136
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Radiative‐dynamical climatology of the first‐generation Canadian middle atmosphere model

, , , &
Pages 293-331 | Received 04 Sep 1996, Published online: 19 Nov 2010

References

  • Andrews , D.O. , Holton , J.R. and Leovy , C.B. 1987 . Middle Atmosphere Dynamics , 489 Academic Press .
  • Boer , G.J. 1995 . “ A hydrid moisture variable suitable for spectral GCMs ” . In Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling , Report No. 21, WMO/TD‐No. 665 4.1 – 4.2 . Geneva : World Meteorological Organization .
  • Boville , B.A. 1995 . Middle atmosphere version of CCM2 (MACCM2): annual cycle and intcrannual variability . J. Ceophys. Res. , 100 : 9017 – 9039 .
  • De Grandpré , J. , Sandilands , J.W. , McConnell , J.C. , Beagley , S.R. , Croteau , P.C. and Danilin , M.Y. in press . Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model: Preliminary results from the chemical transport module . atmosphere‐ocean ,
  • FELS , S. 1985 . Radiative‐dynamical interactions in the middle atmosphere . Adv. Geophys. , 28A : 277 – 300 .
  • Fleming , E.L. , Chandra , S. , Barnett , J.J. and Corney , M. 1990 . Zonal mean temperature, pressure, zonal wind and geopotential height as functions of latitude . Adv. Space Res. , 10 (12) : 11 – 59 .
  • Fomioiev , V.L. and Blanhet , J.P. 1995 . Development of the new CCC/GCM longwave radiation model for extension into the middle atmosphere . atmosphere‐ocean , 33 : 513 – 529 .
  • _____ , Kutepov , A.A. , Akmaev , R.A. and Shved , G.M. 1993 . Parameterization of the 15 μm CO2 band cooling in the middle atmosphere (15–115 km) . J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , 47 : 1037 – 1049 .
  • Fouquart , Y. and Bonnel , B. 1980 . Computation of solar heating of the earth's atmosphere: a new parameterization . Beitr. Phys. Atmos. , 53 : 35 – 62 .
  • Garcia , R.R. and Boville , B.A. 1994 . “Downward control” of the mean meridional circulation and temperature distribution of the polar winter stratosphere . J. Atmos. Sci. , 51 : 2238 – 2245 .
  • Hamilton , K. 1993 . “ What can we learn from general circulation models about the spectrum of middle atmosphere motions? ” . In Coupling Processes in the Lower and Middle Atmosphere , Edited by: Thrane , E. 161 – 174 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic .
  • _____ . 1995 . Comprehensive simulation of the middle atmosphere climate: some recent results . Clim. Dyn. , 11 : 223 – 241 .
  • _____ and Mahlman , J.D. 1988 . General Circulation Model simulation of the semiannual oscillation of the tropical middle atmosphere . J. Atmos. Sci. , 45 : 3212 – 3235 .
  • _____ , Wilson , R.J. , Mahlman , J.D. and Umscheid , L.J. 1995 . Climatology of the SKYHI Troposphere‐Stratosphere‐Mesosphere General Circulation Model . J. Atmos. Sci. , 52 : 5 – 43 .
  • Haynes , P.H. , Marks , C.J. , McIntyre , M.E. , Shepherd , T.G. and Shine , K.P. 1991 . On the “downward control” of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy‐induced mean zonal forces . J. Atmos. Sci. , 48 : 651 – 678 .
  • Hines , C.O. 1997 . Dopplcr‐spread parameterization of gravity‐wave momentum deposition in the middle atmosphere. Part I: Basic formulation . J. Atmos. Sol‐Terr. Phys. , 59 : 371 – 386 .
  • Hirota , I. 1980 . Observational evidence of the semiannual oscillation in the tropical middle atmosphere — a review . Pure Appl. Geophys. , 118 : 217 – 238 .
  • IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) . 1995 . Climate Change, Radiative Forcing of Climate Change, and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenarios , Edited by: Houghton , J.T. 572 Cambridge University Press .
  • Jackson , D.R. and Gray , L.J. 1994 . Simulation of the semi‐annual oscillation of the equatorial middle atmosphere using the Extended UGAMP General Circulation Model . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , 120 : 1559 – 1588 .
  • Jaeger , L. 1976 . Monatskarten des Niederschlags für die ganz Erde . Ber. Deusch. Wetterdienstes. , 139 : 1 – 38 .
  • Laprlse , R. and Girard , C. 1990 . A spectral general circulation model using a piecewise‐constant finite element representation on a hybrid vertical coordinate system . J. Clim. , 3 : 32 – 52 .
  • Mahlman , J.D. and Umscheid , L.J. 1984 . “ Dynamics of the middle atmosphere: successes and problems of the GFDL “SKYHI” general circulation model ” . In Dynamics of the Middle Atmosphere Edited by: Holton , JR. and Matsumo , T. 501 – 525 . Terrapub, Tokyo, , Japan
  • _____ , Pinto , J.P. and Umscheid , L.J. 1994 . Transport, radiative, and dynamical effects of the Antarctic ozone hole: a GFDL “SKYHI” model experiment . J. Atmos. Sci. , 51 : 489 – 508 .
  • Manzini , E. and Bengtsson , L. 1996 . Stratospheric climate and variability from a general circulation model and observations, . dim. Dyn. , 12 : 615 – 639 .
  • McFarlane , N.A. 1987 . The effect of orographically excited gravity wave drag on the general circulation of the lower stratosphere and troposphere . J. Atmos. Sci. , 44 : 1775 – 1800 .
  • _____ , Boer , G.J. , Blanchet , J.‐P. and Lazare , M. 1992 . The Canadian Climate Centre second‐generation atmospheric general circulation model and its equilibrium climate . J. Clim. , 5 : 1013 – 1044 .
  • McLandress , C. and McFarlane , N.A. 1993 . Interactions between orographie gravity wave drag and forced stationary planetary waves in the winter northern hemisphere middle atmosphere . J. Atmos. Sci. , 50 : 1966 – 1990 .
  • Medvedev , A.S. and Klaassen , G.P. 1995 . Vertical evolution of gravity wave spectra and the parameterization of associated wave drag . J. Geo‐phys. Res. , 100 : 25,841 – 25,853 .
  • Morcrette , J.‐J. 1991 . Radiation and cloud radiative properties in the ECMWF operational weather forecast model . J. Geophys. Res. , 96 : 9121 – 9132 .
  • Murgatroyd , R.J. and Singleton , F. 1961 . Possible meridional circulations in the stratosphere and mesosphere . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , 87 : 125 – 135 .
  • NASA . 1995 . 1995 Scientific Assessment of the Atmospheric Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft , National Aeronautics and Space Administration Reference Publication 1381 64
  • Norton , W.A. and Thuburn , J. 1996 . The two‐day wave in a middle atmosphere GCM . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 23 : 2113 – 2116 .
  • Rosenlof , K.H. 1995 . Seasonal cycle of the residual mean meridional circulation in the stratosphere . J. Geophys. Res. , 100 : 5173 – 5191 .
  • _____ and Holton , J.R. 1993 . Estimates of the stratospheric residual circulation using the downward control principle . J. Geophys. Res. , 98 : 10,465 – 10,479 .
  • Sassi , F. , Garcia , R.R. and Boville , B.A. 1993 . The stratopause semiannual oscillation in the NCAR Community Climate Model . J. Atmos. Sci. , 50 : 3608 – 3624 .
  • Shea , D.J. , Trenberth , K.E. and Reynolds , R.W. 1990 . A global monthly sea surface temperature climatology , NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN‐345+STR 167
  • Shepherd , T.G. 1995 . The Canadian MAM project . CMOS BULLETIN , 23 (1) : 3 – 10 .
  • _____ , Semeniuk , K. and Koshyk , J.N. 1996 . Sponge‐layer feedbacks in middle‐atmosphere models . J. Geophys. Res. , 101 : 23,447 – 23,464 .
  • Shine , K. 1989 . Sources and sinks of zonal momentum in the middle atmosphere diagnosed using the diabatic circulation . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , 115 : 265 – 292 .
  • Solomon , S. , Kiehl , J.T. , Garcia , R.R. and Grose , W. 1986 . Tracer transport by the diabatic circulation deduced from satellite observations . J. Atmos. Sci. , 43 : 1603 – 1617 .
  • Swinbank , R. and O'Neill , A. 1994 . A stratosphere‐troposphere data assimilation system . Mon. Weather Rev. , 122 : 686 – 702 .
  • Verseghy , D.L. , McFarlane , N.A. and Lazare , M. 1993 . A Canadian Land Surface Scheme for GCMs: II. Vegetation model and coupled runs . Int. J. Climatol. , 13 : 347 – 370 .
  • WMO . 1995 . Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1994 , Report No. 37 451 World Meteorological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project .
  • Yulaeva , E. , Holton , J.R. and Wallace , J.M. 1994 . On the cause of the annual cycle in tropical lower stratospheric temperatures . J. Atmos. Sci. , 51 : 169 – 174 .
  • Zhang , G.J. and McFarlane , N.A. 1995 . Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the CCC‐GCM . atmosphere‐ocean , 33 : 407 – 446 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.