Climate and Streamflow Trends in the Columbia River Basin: Evidence for Ecological and Engineering Resilience to Climate Change

References

• Adams, M. B., Loughry, L., & Plaugher, L. (Comps.) (2008). Experimental Forests and Ranges of the USDA Forest Service (General Technical Report NE-321 Revised). Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station.
   Google Scholar
• Barnett , T. P. , Pierce , D. W. , Hidalgo , H. G. , Bonfils , C. , Santer , B. D. , Das , T. , Bala , G. , Wood , A. W. , Nozawa , T. , Mirin , A. A. , Cayan , D. R. and Dettinger , M. D. 2008 . Human-induced changes in the hydrology of the western United States . Science , 319 : 1080 – 1083 . (doi:10.1126/science.1152538)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cayan , D. R. , Kammerdiener , S. A. , Dettinger , M. D. , Caprio , J. M. and Peterson , D. H. 2001 . Changes in the onset of spring in the western United States . Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 82 ( 3 ) : 399 – 415 . (doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0399:CITOOS>2.3.CO;2)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , H. , Jung , I. W. , Steele , M. and Gannett , M. 2012 . Spatial patterns of March and September streamflow trends in Pacific Northwest streams, 1958–2008 . Geographical Analysis , 44 : 177 – 201 . (doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2012.00847.x)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen , N. L. , Agee , J. K. , Brussard , P. F. , Hughes , J. , Knight , D. H. , Minshall , G. W. , Peek , J. M. , Pyne , S. J. , Swanson , F. J. , Thomas , J. W. , Wells , S. , Williams , S. E. and Wright , H. A. 1989 . Interpreting the Yellowstone fires of 1988: Ecosystem responses and management implications . BioScience , 39 : 678 – 722 . (doi:10.2307/1310998)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuo , L. , Lettenmaier , D. P. , Alberti , M. and Richey , J. 2009 . Effects of a century of land cover and climate change on the hydrology of the Puget Sound basin . Hydrological Processes , 23 : 907 – 933 . (doi:10.1002/hyp.7228)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dynesius , M. and Nilsson , C. 1994 . Fragmentation and flow regulation of river systems in the northern third of the world . Science , 266 : 753 – 762 . (doi:10.1126/science.266.5186.753)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folke , C. 2003 . Freshwater for resilience: A shift in thinking . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London, series B , 358 : 2027 – 2036 . doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1385 (doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1385)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graf , W. L. 1999 . Dam nation: A geographic census of American dams and their large-scale hydrologic impacts . Water Resources Research , 35 : 1305 – 1311 . (doi:10.1029/1999WR900016)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graf , W. L. 2006 . Downstream hydrologic and geomorphic effects of large dams on American rivers . Geomorphology , 79 : 336 – 360 . (doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.06.022)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamlet , A. F. and Lettenmaier , D. P. 1999 . Effects of climate change on hydrology and water resources objectives in the Columbia River basin . Journal of the American Water Resources Association , 35 : 1597 – 1624 . (doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04240.x)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamlet , A. F. and Lettenmaier , D. P. 2007 . Effects of 20th century warming and climate variability on flood risk in the western U.S . Water Resources Research , 43 : W06427 doi:10.1029/2006WR005099 (doi:10.1029/2006WR005099)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamlet , A. F. , Mote , P. W. , Clark , M. P. and Lettenmaier , D. P. 2005 . Effects of temperature and precipitation variability on snowpack trends in the western United States . Journal of Climate , 18 : 4545 – 4561 . (doi:10.1175/JCLI3538.1)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatcher, K. L. (2011). Interacting effects of climate, forest dynamics, landforms, and river regulation on streamflow trends since 1950: Examples from the Willamette Basin and forested headwater sites in the US. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. Retrieved from http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/handle/1957/88
   Google Scholar
• Helsel , D. R. and Hirsch , R. M. 1992 . Statistical methods in water resources , Edited by: Helsel , D. R. and Hirsch , R. M. New York : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Helsel, D. R., Mueller, D. K., & Slack, J. R. (2005). Computer program for the Kendall family of trend tests (Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5275). Retrieved from http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5275/pdf/sir2005-5275.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hicks , B. J. , Beschta , R. L. and Harr , R. D. 1991 . Long-term changes in streamflow following logging in western Oregon and associated fisheries implications . Water Resources Bulletin , 27 : 217 – 226 . (doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1991.tb03126.x)
   Google Scholar
• Holling , C. S. 1973 . Resilience and stability of ecological systems . Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , 4 : 1 – 23 . (doi:10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245)
   Google Scholar
• Holling , C. S. 1996 . “ Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience ” . In Engineering within ecological constraints , Edited by: Schulze , P. C. 31 – 43 . Washington , DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hovmöller , E. 1949 . The trough-and-ridge diagram . Tellus , 1 : 62 – 66 . (doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1949.tb01260.x)
   Google Scholar
• Jones , J. A. , Creed , I. F. , Hatcher , K. L. , Warren , R. J. , Adams , M. B. , Benson , M. H. , Boose , E. , Brown , W. A. , Campbell , J. L. , Covich , A. , Clow , D. W. , Dahm , C. N. , Elder , K. , Ford , C. R. , Grimm , N. B. , Henshaw , D. L. , Larson , K. L. , Miles , E. S. , Miles , K. M. , Sebestyen , S. D. , Spargo , A. T. , Stone , A. B. , Vose , J. M. and Williams , M. W. 2012 . Ecosystem processes and human influences regulate streamflow response to climate change at long-term ecological research sites . BioScience , 62 ( 4 ) : 390 – 404 . (doi:10.1525/bio.2012.62.4.10)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , J. A. and Grant , G. E. 1996 . Peak flow response to clearcutting and roads in small and large basins, western Cascades, Oregon . Water Resources Research , 32 : 959 – 974 . (doi:10.1029/95WR03493)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , J. A. and Grant , G. E. 2001 . Comment on “Peak flow responses to clear-cutting and roads in small and large basins, western Cascades, Oregon: A second opinion” by R. Thomas and W. Megahan [paper 98WR02500. Water Resources Research, 34 (12), December 1998] . Water Resources Research , 37 : 175 – 178 . (doi:10.1029/2000WR900276)
   Google Scholar
• Jones , J. A. and Post , D. A. 2004 . Seasonal and successional streamflow response to forest cutting and regrowth in the northwest and eastern United States . Water Resources Research , 40 : W05203 doi:10.1029/2003WR002952 (doi:10.1029/2003WR002952)
   Google Scholar
• Karl , T. R. , Melillo , J. M. and Peterson , T. C. 2009 . Global climate change impacts in the United States: A state of knowledge report from the U.S. Global Change Research Program , Edited by: Karl , T. R. , Melillo , J. M. and Peterson , T. C. New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Knowles , N. , Dettinger , M. D. and Cayan , D. R. 2006 . Trends in snowfall versus rainfall in the western United States . Journal of Climate , 19 : 4545 – 4559 . (doi:10.1175/JCLI3850.1)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , S. Y. , Hamlet , A. F. , Fitzgerald , C. J. and Burges , S. J. 2009 . Optimized flood control in the Columbia River basin for a global warming scenario . Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management , 135 : 440 – 450 . (doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2009)135:6(440))
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littell, J. S., Elsner, M. M., Mauger, G. S., Lutz, E., Hamlet, A. F., & Salathé, E. (2011). Regional climate and hydrologic change in the northern US Rockies and Pacific Northwest: Internally consistent projections of future climate for resource management (Project report: April 17, 2011). Retrieved from the Center for Science in the Earth System website: http://cses.washington.edu/picea/USFS/pub/Littell_etal_2010/
   Google Scholar
• Luce , C. H. and Holden , Z. A. 2009 . Declining annual streamflow distributions in the Pacific Northwest United States, 1948–2006 . Geophysical Research Letters , 36 : L16401 doi:10.1029/2009GL039407 (doi:10.1029/2009GL039407)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutz , E. R. , Hamlet , A. F. and Littell , J. S. 2012 . Paleoreconstruction of cool season precipitation and warm season streamflow in the Pacific Northwest with applications to climate change assessments . Water Resources Research , 48 : W01525 doi:10.1029/2011WR010687 (doi:10.1029/2011WR010687)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matheussen , B. , Kirschbaum , R. L. , Goodman , I. A. , O'Donnell , G. M. and Lettenmaier , D. P. 2000 . Effects of land cover change on streamflow in the interior Columbia River Basin: USA and Canada . Hydrological Processes , 14 : 867 – 885 . (doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000415)14:5<867::AID-HYP975>3.0.CO;2-5)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , J. N. , Arrigoni , A. S. and Wilcox , A. C. 2012 . Impacts of dams on flow regimes in three headwater subbasins of the Columbia River basin, United States . Journal of the American Water Resources Association , 48 : 925 – 938 . doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00660.x (doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00660.x)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mote , P. W. 2003 . Trends in snow water equivalent in the Pacific Northwest and their climatic causes . Geophysical Research Letters , 30 : 1601 – 1604 . doi:10.1029/2003GL017258 (doi:10.1029/2003GL017258)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mote , P. W. , Parson , E. A. , Hamlet , A. F. , Keeton , W. S. , Lettenmaier , D. , Mantua , N. , Miles , E. L. , Peterson , D. W. , Peterson , D. L. , Slaughter , R. and Snover , A. 2003 . Preparing for climatic change: The water, salmon, and forests of the Pacific Northwest . Climatic Change , 61 : 45 – 88 . (doi:10.1023/A:1026302914358)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mote , P. W. and Salathé , E. P. 2010 . Future climate in the Pacific Northwest . Climatic Change , 102 : 29 – 50 . doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9848-z (doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9848-z)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naik , P. and Jay , D. A. 2005 . Estimation of Columbia River virgin flow: 1879 to 1928 . Hydrological Processes , 19 : 1807 – 1824 . (doi:10.1002/hyp.5636)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nayak , A. , Marks , D. , Chandler , D. G. and Seyfried , M. 2010 . Long-term snow, climate, and streamflow trends at the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Owyhee Mountains, Idaho, United States . Water Resources Research , 46 : W06519 doi:10.1029/2008WR007525 (doi:10.1029/2008WR007525)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne , J. T. , Wood , A. W. , Hamlet , A. F. , Palmer , R. N. and Lettenmaier , D. P. 2004 . Mitigating the effects of climate change on the water resources of the Columbia River Basin . Climatic Change , 62 ( 1–3 ) : 233 – 256 . (doi:10.1023/B:CLIM.0000013694.18154.d6)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, T. D. (2007). Do vigorous young forests reduce streamflow? Results from up to 54 years of streamflow records in eight paired-watershed experiments in the H. J. Andrews and South Umpqua Experimental Forests. (Unpublished master's thesis). Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. Retrieved from http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/handle/1957/88
   Google Scholar
• Ramsay , F. L. and Schaefer , D. W. 1996 . The statistical sleuth: A course in methods of data analysis , Belmont , CA : Duxbury Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , I. T. , Cayan , D. R. and Dettinger , M. D. 2005 . Changes toward earlier streamflow timing across western North America . Journal of Climate , 18 : 1136 – 1155 . (doi:10.1175/JCLI3321.1)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , R. B. and Megahan , W. F. 1998 . Peak flow responses to clear-cutting and roads in small and large basins, western Cascades, Oregon: A second opinion . Water Resources Research , 34 : 3393 – 3403 . (doi:10.1029/98WR02500)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , R. B. and Megahan , W. F. 2001 . Reply to Comment on Peak flow responses to clear-cutting and roads in small and large basins, western Cascades, Oregon: A second opinion by R. Thomas and W. Megahan [paper 98WR02500. Water Resources Research, 34(12), December 1998] . Water Resources Research , 37 : 181 – 183 . (doi:10.1029/2000WR900277)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treaty Relating to Cooperative Development of the Water Resources of the Columbia River Basin, United States of America–Canada, January 17, 1961, 15 U.S.T. 1555.
   Google Scholar
• Turner , M. B. , Romme , W. H. , Gardner , R. H. and Hargrove , W. W. 1997 . Effects of fire size and pattern on early succession in Yellowstone National Park . Ecological Monographs , 67 : 411 – 433 . (doi:10.1890/0012-9615(1997)067[0411:EOFSAP]2.0.CO;2)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Department of the Interior. (2012). National Atlas Data Download [Data]. Retrieved from http://www.nationalatlas.gov/atlasftp.html#dams00x
   Google Scholar
• USGS (United States Geological Survey). (2012a). 1:250,000-scale Hydrologic Units of the United States [Data]. Retrieved from http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/huc250k.xml
   Google Scholar
• USGS (United States Geological Survey). (2012b). National Land Cover Database 2006 (NLCD2006) [Data]. Retrieved from the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC) website: http://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd06_data.php
   Google Scholar
• USGS (United States Geological Survey). (2012c). Global 30 Arc-Second Elevation (GTOPO30) [Data]. Retrieved from the Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center website: http://eros.usgs.gov/#/Find_Data/Products_and_Data_Available/GTOPO30
   Google Scholar
• VanShaar , J. R. , Haddeland , I. and Lettenmaier , D. P. 2002 . Effects of land-cover changes on the hydrological response of interior Columbia River basin forested catchments . Hydrological Processes , 16 : 2499 – 2520 . (doi:10.1002/hyp.1017)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodsmith, R. D., Vache, K. B., McDonnell, J. J., Seibert, J., & Helvey, J. D. (2007). The Entiat Experimental Forest: A unique opportunity to examine hydrologic response to wildfire. In M. Furniss, C. Clifton, & K. Ronnenberg (Eds.), Advancing the fundamental sciences: Proceedings of the Forest Service National Earth Sciences Conference, San Diego, CA, 18–22 October 2004 (pp. 205–216) (PNW-GTR 689). Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
   Google Scholar