970
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Fundamental Research / Recherche fondamentale

Thermal Fronts Atlas of Canadian Coastal Waters

&
Pages 212-236 | Received 20 Feb 2014, Accepted 15 Sep 2014, Published online: 13 Dec 2014

References

  • Anderson, J. T., & Roff, J. C. (1980). Seston ecology of the surface waters of Hudson Bay. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37, 2242–2253. doi: 10.1139/f80-269
  • Anderson, J. T., Roff, J. C., & Gerrath, T. (1981). The diatoms and dinoflagellates of Hudson Bay. Canadian Journal of Botany, 59, 1793–1810. doi: 10.1139/b81-240
  • Bajkov, A. (1975). Is Hudson Bay a Desert Sea? Report 75–15, Manitoba Mines, Resources, Environmental Management, Research Branch.
  • Barber, D., Marsden, R., Minnett, P., Ingram, R. G., & Fortier, L. (2001). Physical processes within the North Water (NOW) polynya. Atmosphere-Ocean, 39(3), 163–166. doi: 10.1080/07055900.2001.9649673
  • Belkin, I. M. (2002). New challenge: Ocean fronts. Journal of Marine Systems, 37(2002), 1–2. doi: 10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00191-4
  • Belkin, I. M., & Cornillon, P. (2003). SST fronts of the Pacific coastal and marginal seas. Pacific Oceanography, 1(2), 90–113.
  • Belkin, I. M., Cornillon, P., & Ullman, D. (2001). Ocean fronts around Alaska from satellite SST data. In American Meteorological Society 7th Conference on the Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, Hyannis, MA, USA.
  • Belkin, I. M., Cornillon, P. C., & Sherman, K. (2009). Fronts in large marine ecosystems. Progress in Oceanography, 81(1–4), 223–236. doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.015
  • Bisagni, J. J., Kim, H. S., & Chaudhuri, A. (2009). Interannual variability of the shelf-slope front position between 75° and 50°W. Journal of Marine Systems, 78(3), 337–350. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.020
  • Bourgault, D., Cyr, F., Dumont, D., & Carter, A. (2014). Numerical simulations of the spread of floating passive tracer released at the Old Harry prospect. Environmental Research Letters, 9, 054001. doi:10.1088/1748–9326/9/5/054001
  • Brickley, P. J., & Thomas, A. C. (2004). Satellite-measured seasonal and inter-annual chlorophyll variability in the Northeast Pacific and coastal Gulf of Alaska. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 51(1–3), 229–245. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.06.003
  • Bugden, G. L. (1981). Salt and heat budgets for the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(9), 1153–1167. doi: 10.1139/f81-155
  • Canadian Wildlife Service. (2012). Important areas for birds in Nunavut, Environment Canada, Report CW66–302/2.
  • Cayula, J. F., & Cornillon, P. C. (1992). Edge detection algorithm for SST images. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 9, 67–80. doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0067:EDAFSI>2.0.CO;2
  • Chapman, D. C., & Beardsley, R. C. (1989). On the origin of shelf water in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 19(3), 384–391. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1989)019<0384:OTOOSW>2.0.CO;2
  • Christie, P., & Sommerkorn, M. (2012). RACER: Rapid assessment of circum-arctic ecosystem resilience, 2nd ed. Ottawa, Canada: WWF Global Arctic Programme.
  • Colbourne, E., DeYoung, B., Narayanan, S., & Helbig, J. (1997). Comparison of hydrography and circulation on the Newfoundland Shelf during 1990–1993 with the long-term mean. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54(S1), 68–80.
  • Crawford, W. R., Brickley, P. J., Peterson, T. D., & Thomas, A. C. (2005). Impact of Haida Eddies on chlorophyll distribution in the eastern Gulf of Alaska. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 52(7–8), 975–989. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.02.011
  • Cyr, F., Bourgault, D., & Galbraith, P. S. (2011). Interior versus boundary mixing of a cold intermediate layer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116(C12029), doi:10.1029/2011JC007359
  • Dalla Rosa, L., Ford, J. K., & Trites, A. W. (2012). Distribution and relative abundance of humpback whales in relation to environmental variables in coastal British Columbia and adjacent waters. Continental Shelf Research, 36, 89–104. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2012.01.017
  • Davis, R. A., & Koski, W. R. (1980). Recent observations of the bowhead whale in the eastern Canadian High Arctic. In G. Donovan (Ed.), Thirtieth report of the International Whaling Commission (pp. 439–444). Cambridge: The International Whaling Commission.
  • Davis, R. A., Richardson, J., Johnson, S. R., & Renaud, W. E. (1978). Status of the Lancaster Sound narwhal population in 1976. In Twenty-eighth report of the International Whaling Commission (pp. 205–215). Cambridge: The International Whaling Commission.
  • Davoren, G. K. (2007). Effects of gill-net fishing on marine birds in a biological hotspot in the northwest Atlantic. Conservation Biology: The Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology, 21(4), 1032–1045. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00694.x
  • Defossez, M., Saucier, F. J., Myers, P., Caya, D., & Dumais, J. F. (2012). Comparing winter and summer simulated estuarine circulations in Foxe Basin, Canada. Atmosphere-Ocean, 50(3), 386–401. doi: 10.1080/07055900.2012.693256
  • Demers, S., Legendre, L., & Therriault, J. C. (1986). Phytoplankton responses to vertical tidal mixing. In J. Bowman, M. Yentsch, & W. T. Peterson (Eds.), Tidal mixing and plankton dynamics (pp. 1–40). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
  • Deming, J. W., Fortier, L., & Fukuchi, M. (2002). The international North Water polynya study (NOW): A brief overview. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 49, 4887–4892. doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00168-6
  • Diehl, S. F., Budd, J. W., Ullman, D., & Cayula, J. F. (2002). Geographic window sizes applied to remote sensing sea surface temperature front detection. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 19, 1105–1113. doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<1105:GWSATR>2.0.CO;2
  • Doniol-Valcroze, T., Berteaux, D., Larouche, P., & Sears, R. (2007). Influence of thermal fronts on habitat selection by four rorqual whale species in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 335, 207–216. doi: 10.3354/meps335207
  • Drinkwater, K. F. (1986). Physical oceanography of Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay. In I. P. Martini (Ed.), Canadian inland seas (vol. 44, chap. 13, pp. 237–264). New York: Elsevier.
  • Drinkwater, K. F., & Harding, G. (2001). Effects of the Hudson Strait outflow on the biology of the Labrador Shelf. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58(1), 171–184. doi: 10.1139/f00-210
  • Drinkwater, K. F., & Jones, E. (1987). Density stratification, nutrient and chlorophyll distributions in the Hudson Strait region during summer and their relation to tidal mixing. Continental Shelf Research, 7(6), 599–607. doi: 10.1016/0278-4343(87)90025-2
  • Dumont, D., Gratton, Y., & Arbetter, T. E. (2009). Modeling the dynamics of the North Water polynya ice bridge. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 39(6), 1448–1461. doi: 10.1175/2008JPO3965.1
  • Dunbar, M. J. (1951). Eastern Arctic waters, Tech. Rep. Bulletin No. 88, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa.
  • El-Sabh, M. I. (1979). The Lower St. Lawrence Estuary as a physical oceanographic system. Le Naturaliste Canadien, 106, 55–73.
  • Ferland, J., Gosselin, M., & Starr, M. (2011). Environmental control of summer primary production in the Hudson Bay system: The role of stratification. Journal of Marine Systems, 88(3), 385–400. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.03.015
  • Fissel, D. B., Lemon, D. D., & Birch, J. R. (1982). Major features of the summer near-surface circulation of western Baffin Bay, 1978 and 1979. Arctic, 35(1), 180–200.
  • Fissel, D. B., & Lemon, D. O. (1991). Analysis of physical oceanographic data from the Labrador Shelf, Summer 1980. Canadian Contractor Report of Hydrography and Ocean Sciences, Vol. 39.
  • Freeland, H., & Denman, K. L. (1982). A topographically controlled upwelling centre off southern Vancouver Island. Journal of Marine Research, 40(4), 1069–1093.
  • Galbraith, P. S. (2006). Winter water masses in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(C6), doi:10.1029/2005JC003159
  • Galbraith, P. S., & Larouche, P. (2011). Sea-surface temperature in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait in relation to air temperature and ice cover breakup. 1985–2009. Journal of Marine Systems, 87(1), 66–78. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.03.002
  • Garrett, C. J. R., Keeley, J. R., & Greenberg, D. A. (1978). Tidal mixing versus thermal stratification in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine. Atmosphere-Ocean, 16(4), 403–423. doi: 10.1080/07055900.1978.9649046
  • Gil, J., Sánchez, R., Cerviño, S., & Garabana, D. (2004). Geostrophic circulation and heat flux across the Flemish Cap, 1988–2000. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 34, 63–83. doi: 10.2960/J.v34.m510
  • Gilbert, D., & Pettigrew, B. (1997). Interannual variability (1948–1994) of the CIL core temperature in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54(S1), 57–67.
  • Gratton, Y., Mertz, G., & Gagné, J. A. (1988). Satellite observations of tidal upwelling and mixing in the St. Lawrence Estuary. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93(C6), 6947–6954. doi: 10.1029/JC093iC06p06947
  • Griffiths, D., Pingree, R., & Sinclair, M. (1981). Summer tidal fronts in the near-Arctic regions of Foxe Basin and Hudson Bay. Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 28(8), 865–873. doi: 10.1016/S0198-0149(81)80006-4
  • Hachey, H. B. (1931). Biological and oceanographic conditions in Hudson Bay 6. The general hydrography and hydrodynamics of the waters of the Hudson Bay region. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 7(1), 91–118. doi: 10.1139/f32-009
  • Hannah, C., Shore, J. A., Loder, J. W., & Naimie, C. E. (2001). Seasonal circulation on the western and central Scotian Shelf. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 31(2), 591–615. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<0591:SCOTWA>2.0.CO;2
  • Harvey, M., Therriault, J. C., & Simard, N. (1997). Late-summer distribution of phytoplankton in relation to water mass characteristics in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait (Canada). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 54(8), 1937–1952. doi: 10.1139/f97-099
  • Harvey, M., Therriault, J. C., & Simard, N. (2001). Hydrodynamic control of late summer species composition and abundance of zooplankton in Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait (Canada). Journal of Plankton Research, 23(5), 481–496. doi: 10.1093/plankt/23.5.481
  • Healey, M. C., Thomson, R. E., & Morris, J. F. T. (1990). Distribution of commercial troll fishing vessels off southwest Vancouver Island in relation to fishing success and oceanic water properties and circulation. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 47(10), 1846–1864. doi: 10.1139/f90-210
  • Huntsman, A. G. (1932). Biological and oceanographic conditions in Hudson Bay 1. Hudson Bay and the determination of fisheries. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 6(1), 455–462. doi: 10.1139/f31-022
  • Ingram, R. G. (1976). Characteristics of a tide-induced estuarine front. Journal of Geophysical Research, 81(12), 1951–1959. doi: 10.1029/JC081i012p01951
  • Ingram, R. G. (1979). Water mass modification in the St. Lawrence Estuary. Le Naturaliste Canadien, 106, 45–54.
  • Ingram, R. G. (1983). Vertical mixing at the head of the Laurentian Channel. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 16(3), 333–338. doi: 10.1016/0272-7714(83)90150-6
  • Ingram, R. G., Bâcle, J., Barber, D. G., Gratton, Y., & Melling, H. (2002). An overview of physical processes in the North Water. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 49(22–23), 4893–4906. doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00169-8
  • Ingram, R. G., & El-Sabh, M. I. (1990). Fronts and mesoscale features in the St. Lawrence Estuary. In M. I. El Sabh & N. Silverberg (Eds.), Oceanography of a large-scale estuarine system: The St. Lawrence (pp. 71–93). New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Jardine, I. D., Thomson, K. A., Foreman, M. G., & Leblond, P. H. (1993). Remote sensing of coastal sea-surface features off northern British Columbia. Remote Sensing of Environment, 45, 73–84. doi: 10.1016/0034-4257(93)90083-A
  • Kahru, M., Di Lorenzo, E., Manzano-Sarabia, M., & Mitchell, B. G. (2012). Spatial and temporal statistics of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll fronts in the California Current. Journal of Plankton Research, 34(9), 749–760. doi: 10.1093/plankt/fbs010
  • Kingsley, M., & Reeves, R. (1998). Aerial surveys of cetaceans in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1995 and 1996. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76(8), 1529–1550. doi: 10.1139/z98-054
  • Koutitonsky, V. G., & Bugden, G. L. (1991). The physical oceanography of the Gulf of St. Lawrence: A review with emphasis on the synoptic variability of the motion. In J. C. Therriault (Ed.), The Gulf of St. Lawrence: Small ocean or big estuary? (vol. 113, pp. 57–90). Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.
  • Lacroix, J. (1987). Étude descriptive de la variabilité spatio-temporelle des phénomènes physiques de surface de l'estuaire maritime et la partie nord-ouest du golfe du St. Laurent à l'aide d'images thermiques du satellite NOAA-7, Master's thesis, Université du Québec à Rimouski.
  • de Lange Boom, B. R., Macneill, M. R., & Buckley, J. R. (1982). Iceberg motion in Lancaster Sound and Northwest Baffin Bay, summer 1978. Arctic, 35(1), 219–233. doi: 10.14430/arctic2321
  • Lapoussière, A., Michel, C., Gosselin, M., Poulin, M., Martin, J., & Tremblay, J. E. (2013). Primary production and sinking export during fall in the Hudson Bay system, Canada. Continental Shelf Research, 52, 62–72. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2012.10.013
  • Larouche, P., Koutitonsky, V. G., Chanut, J. P., & El-Sabh, M. I. (1987). Lateral stratification and dynamic balance at the Matane transect in the Lower Saint Lawrence Estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 24, 859–871. doi: 10.1016/0272-7714(87)90157-0
  • Lavoie, A., Bonn, F., Dubois, J. M. M., & El-Sabh, M. I. (1985). Structure thermique et variabilité du courant de surface de l'estuaire maritime du Saint-Laurent à l'aide d'images du satellite HCMM. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 11, 70–84. doi: 10.1080/07038992.1985.10855079
  • Le Fouest, V., Zakardjian, B. A., & Saucier, F. J. (2005). Seasonal versus synoptic variability in planktonic production in a high-latitude marginal sea: The Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada). Journal of Geophysical Research, 110(C9), doi:10.1029/2004JC002423
  • Legeckis, R., Brown, C. W., & Chang, P. S. (2002). Geostationary satellites reveal motions of ocean surface fronts. Journal of Marine Systems, 37(1–3), 3–15. doi: 10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00192-6
  • Legendre, L., & Demers, S. (1984). Towards dynamic biological oceanography and limnology. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41, 2–19. doi: 10.1139/f84-001
  • Legendre, L., Demers, S., Therriault, J. C., & Boudreau, C. A. (1985). Tidal variations in the photosynthesis of estuarine phytoplankton isolated in a tank. Marine Biology, 88, 301–309. doi: 10.1007/BF00392591
  • Lobb, J., Weaver, A. J., Carmack, E. C., & Ingram, R. G. (2003). Structure and mixing across an Arctic/Atlantic front in northern Baffin Bay. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1833. doi:10.1029/2003GL017755
  • Loder, J. W., & Greenberg, D. A. (1986). Predicted positions of tidal fronts in the Gulf of Maine region. Continental Shelf Research, 6(3), 397–414. doi: 10.1016/0278-4343(86)90080-4
  • Lu, Y., Thompson, K. R., & Wright, D. G. (2001). Tidal currents and mixing in the Gulf of St. Lawrence: An application of the incremental approach to data assimilation. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58(4), 723–735.
  • Marko, J. R., Birch, J. R., & Wilson, M. A. (1982). A study of long-term satellite-tracked iceberg drifts in Baffin Bay and Davis Strait. Arctic, 35(1), 234–240. doi: 10.14430/arctic2322
  • Mavor, T. P., & Bisagni, J. J. (2001). Seasonal variability of sea-surface temperature fronts on Georges Bank. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 48, 215–243. doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00120-X
  • Mei, Z. P., Legendre, L., Gratton, Y., Tremblay, J. E., LeBlanc, B., Mundy, C., … von Quillfeldt, C. (2002). Physical control of spring–summer phytoplankton dynamics in the North Water, April–July 1998. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 49(22–23), 4959–4982. doi: 10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00173-X
  • Melling, H., Gratton, Y., & Ingram, R. G. (2001). Ocean circulation within the North Water polynya of Baffin Bay. Atmosphere-Ocean, 39(3), 301–325. doi: 10.1080/07055900.2001.9649683
  • Muench, R. D. (1990). Mesoscale phenomena in the polar ocean. In W. O. Smith Jr. (Ed.), Polar oceanography part A: Physical science (pp. 223–285). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Nieke, B., Reuter, R., Heuermann, R., Wang, H., Babin, M., & Therriault, J. C. (1997). Light absorption and fluorescence properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), in the St. Lawrence Estuary (Case 2 waters). Continental Shelf Research, 17(3), 235–252. doi: 10.1016/S0278-4343(96)00034-9
  • Nieto, K., Demarcq, H., & McClatchie, S. (2012). Mesoscale frontal structures in the Canary Upwelling System: New front and filament detection algorithms applied to spatial and temporal patterns. Remote Sensing of Environment, 123, 339–346. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.028
  • O'Hara, P., Morgan, K., & Sydeman, W. (2006). Primary producer and seabird associations with AVHRR-derived sea surface temperatures and gradients in the southeastern Gulf of Alaska. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 53(3–4), 359–369. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.011
  • Ollerhead, J. (2005). Measurements of inorganic suspended sediment concentration in the Northumberland Strait in October of 2005, Technical report, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada.
  • Perry, R. I., Dilke, B. R., & Parsons, T. R. (1983). Tidal mixing and summer plankton distributions in Hecate Strait, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40, 871–887. doi: 10.1139/f83-114
  • Pettigrew, B., Larouche, P., & Gilbert, D. (2011). Validation des images composites des température de surface produites au laboratoire de télédétection de l'institut Maurice-Lamontagne. Rapport technique canadien sur l'hydrographie et les sciences océaniques, Vol. 270.
  • Prinsenberg, S. J., & Freeman, N. G. (1986). Tidal heights and currents in Hudson Bay and James Bay. In I. P. Martini (Ed.), Canadian inland seas (vol. 44, pp. 205–216). New York: Elsevier, Elsevier Oceanography Series.
  • Reed, R. K., & Shumacher, J. D. (1986). Physical oceanography. In D. W. Hood & S. T. Zimmerman (Eds.), The Gulf of Alaska, Physical environment and biological resources ( chap. 3, pp. 57–75). U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment, Ocean Assessments Division, Alaska Office.
  • Roff, J. C., & Legendre, L. (1986). Physico-chemical and biological oceanography of Hudson Bay. In I. P. Martini (Ed.), Canadian inland seas (vol. 44, pp. 265–292). New York: Elsevier, Elsevier Oceanography Series.
  • Sherman, K. (1990). Productivity, perturbations, and options for biomass yields in large marine ecosystems. In K. Sherman, L. M. Alexander, & B. D. Gold (Eds.), Large marine ecosystems: Patterns, processes and yields (pp. 206–219). Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  • Sherman, K. (2005). The large marine ecosystem approach for assessment and management of ocean coastal waters. In T. Hennessey & J. Sutinen (Eds.), Sustaining the large marine ecosystems: The human dimension (pp. 3–16). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Sibert, V., Zakardjian, B., Gosselin, M., Starr, M., Senneville, S., & LeClainche, Y. (2011). 3D bio-physical model of the sympagic and planktonic productions in the Hudson Bay system. Journal of Marine Systems, 88(3), 401–422. doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.03.014
  • Simpson, J. H., & Hunter, J. R. (1974). Fronts in the Irish Sea. Nature, 250, 404–406. doi: 10.1038/250404a0
  • Sinclair, M., & Iles, T. D. (1985). Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) distributions in the Gulf of Maine – Scotian Shelf area in relation to oceanographic features. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42, 880–887. doi: 10.1139/f85-112
  • Smith, J. C., Platt, T., Li, W. K. W., Horne, E. P. W., Harrison, W. G., Rao, D. V. S., & Irwin, B. D. (1985). Arctic marine photoautotrophic picoplankton. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 20, 207–220. doi: 10.3354/meps020207
  • Stabeno, P., Bond, N., Hermann, A., Kachel, N., Mordy, C., & Overland, J. (2004). Meteorology and oceanography of the northern Gulf of Alaska. Continental Shelf Research, 24(7–8), 859–897. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2004.02.007
  • Stein, M. (2007). Oceanography of the Flemish Cap and adjacent waters. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 37(February), 135–146. doi: 10.2960/J.v37.m652
  • Straneo, F., & Saucier, F. (2008). The outflow from Hudson Strait and its contribution to the Labrador Current. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 55(8), 926–946. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.012
  • Sutcliffe, W. H., Loucks, R. H., Drinkwater, K. F., & Coote, A. R. (1983). Nutrient flux onto the Labrador Shelf from Hudson Strait and its biological consequences. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40, 1692–1701. doi: 10.1139/f83-196
  • Taggart, C. T., Drinkwater, K. F., Frank, K. T., McRuer, J., & Larouche, P. (1989). Larval fish, zooplankton community structure, and physical dynamics at a tidal front. Rapports et Proces-verbaux des Réunions. Conseil International pour l’Éxploration de la Mer, 191, 184–194.
  • Tang, C. C., Ross, C. K., Yao, T., Petrie, B., DeTracey, B. M., & Dunlap, E. (2004). The circulation, water masses and sea-ice of Baffin Bay. Progress in Oceanography, 63(4), 183–228. doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2004.09.005
  • Tee, K. T., Smith, P. C., & Lefaivre, D. (1993). Topographic upwelling off southwest Nova Scotia. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 23(8), 1703–1726. doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<1703:TUOSNS>2.0.CO;2
  • Tremblay, J. E., Robert, D., Varela, D. E., Lovejoy, C., Darnis, G., Nelson, R. J., & Sastri, A. R. (2012). Current state and trends in Canadian Arctic marine ecosystems: I. Primary production. Climatic Change, 115(1), 161–178. doi: 10.1007/s10584-012-0496-3
  • Ueno, H., Sato, K., Freeland, H. J., Crawford, W. R., Onishi, H., Oka, E., & Suga, T. (2009). Anticyclonic eddies in the Alaskan Stream. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 39(4), 934–951. doi: 10.1175/2008JPO3948.1
  • Ullman, D. S., & Cornillon, P. C. (1999). Satellite-derived sea surface temperature fronts on the continental shelf off the northern U.S. coast. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104(C10), 23459–23478. doi: 10.1029/1999JC900133
  • Valeur, H. H., Hansen, C., Hansen, K. Q., Rasmussen, L., & Thingvad, N. (1996). Weather, sea and ice conditions in eastern Baffin Bay, offshore northwest Greenland: A review. Technical Report no. 96–12 December. Mineral Resources Administration for Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Van As, D. (2011). Warming, glacier melt and surface energy budget from weather station observations in the Melville Bay region of northwest Greenland. Journal of Glaciology, 57(202), 208–220. doi: 10.3189/002214311796405898
  • Vermeer, K., Butler, R. W., & Morgan, K. H. (1992). Ecology, status, and conservation of marine and shoreline birds on the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canadian Wildlife Service, Occasional Paper, 75.
  • Vladykov, V. D. (1933). Biological and oceanographic conditions in Hudson Bay 9. Fishes from the Hudson Bay region (except the Coregonidae). Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 8(1), 13–61. doi: 10.1139/f33-002
  • Waite, J. N., & Mueter, F. J. (2013). Spatial and temporal variability of chlorophyll-a concentrations in the coastal Gulf of Alaska, 1998–2011, using cloud-free reconstructions of SeaWiFS and MODIS-Aqua data. Progress in Oceanography, 116, 179–192. doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2013.07.006
  • Wall, C. C., Muller-Karger, F. E., Roffer, M.a., Hu, C., Yao, W., & Luther, M. E. (2008). Satellite remote sensing of surface oceanic fronts in coastal waters off west–central Florida. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(6), 2963–2976. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2008.02.007
  • Wang, Q., Myers, P. G., Hu, X., & Bush, A. B. (2012). Flow constraints on pathways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Atmosphere-Ocean, 50(3), 373–385. doi: 10.1080/07055900.2012.704348
  • Wessel, P., & Smith, W. H. F. (1996). A global, self-consistent, hierachical, high-resolution shoreline database. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(B4), 8741–8743. doi: 10.1029/96JB00104
  • Whitney, F., Crawford, W. R., & Harrison, P. (2005). Physical processes that enhance nutrient transport and primary productivity in the coastal and open ocean of the subarctic NE Pacific. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 52(5–6), 681–706. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.023
  • Wong, S. N., Gjerdrum, C., Morgan, K. H., & Mallory, M. L. (2014). Hotspots in cold seas: The composition, distribution and abundance of marine birds in the North American Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119, 1691–1705. doi:10.1002/2013JC009198
  • Wu, Y., Tang, C., & Hannah, C. (2012). The circulation of eastern Canadian seas. Progress in Oceanography, 106, 28–48. doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.06.005

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.