1,596
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Trends and Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the Northwest Atlantic from Three Historical Gridded Datasets

&
Pages 510-528 | Received 23 Dec 2014, Accepted 23 May 2015, Published online: 07 Sep 2015

References

  • Belkin, I. M. (2009). Rapid warming of large marine ecosystems. Progress in Oceanography, 81(1-4), 207–213. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.011
  • Booth, B. B. B., Dunstone, N. J., Halloran, P. R., Andrews, T., & Bellouin, N. (2012). Aerosols implicated as a prime driver of twentieth-century North Atlantic climate variability. Nature, 484(7393), 228–232. doi:10.1038/nature10946
  • Brock, R. J., Kenchington, E., & Martinez-Arroyo, A. (Eds.). (2012). Scientific guidelines for designing resilient Marine Protected Area networks in a changing climate. Montreal, Canada: Commission for Environmental Cooperation. Retrieved from http://www3.cec.org/islandora/en/item/10820-scientific-guidelines-designing-resilient-marine-protected-area-networks-in-changing-en.pdf
  • Chen, X., & Tung, K.-K. (2014). Varying planetary heat sink led to global-warming slowdown and acceleration. Science, 345(6199), 897–903. doi:10.1126/science.1254937
  • Chylek, P., Folland, C., Frankcombe, L., Dijkstra, H., Lesins, G., & Dubey, M. (2012). Greenland ice core evidence for spatial and temporal variability of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Geophysical Research Letters, 39(9), L09705. doi:10.1029/2012GL051241
  • Colbourne, E., Holden, J., Craig, J., Senciall, D., Bailey, W., Stead, P., & Fitzpatrick, C. (2014). Physical oceanographic conditions on the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelf during 2013. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Research Document, 2014/094. Retrieved from http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/publications/resdocs-docrech/2014/2014_094-eng.pdf
  • Deser, C., Alexander, M. A., Xie, S.-P., & Phillips, A. S. (2010). Sea surface temperature variability: Patterns and mechanisms. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2(1), 115–143. doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-120408–151453
  • Drijfhout, S., van Oldenborgh, G. J., & Cimatoribus, A. (2012). Is a decline of AMOC causing the warming hole above the North Atlantic in observed and modeled warming patterns? Journal of Climate, 25(24), 8373–8379. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00490.1
  • Drijfhout, S. S., Blaker, A. T., Josey, S. A., Nurser, A. J. G., Sinha, B., & Balmaseda, M. A. (2014). Surface warming hiatus caused by increased heat uptake across multiple ocean basins. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(22), 7868–7874. doi:10.1002/2014GL061456
  • Drinkwater, K. F., Miles, M., Medhaug, I., Otterå, O. H., Kristiansen, T. Sundby, S., & Gao, Y. (2014). The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation: Its manifestations and impacts with special emphasis on the Atlantic region north of 60°N. Journal of Marine Systems, 133, 117–130. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.11.00
  • Friedland, K. D., & Hare, J. A. (2007). Long-term trends and regime shifts in sea surface temperature on the continental shelf of the northeast United States. Continental Shelf Research, 27(18), 2313–2328. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2007.06.001
  • Galbraith, P. S., & Larouche, P. (2013). Trends and variability in eastern Canada sea-surface temperatures. In J. W. Loder, G. Han, P. S. Galbraith, J. Chassé, & A. van der Baaren (Eds.), Aspects of climate change in the Northwest Atlantic off Canada (Ch. 1, pp. 1–18). Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Report No. 3045. Retrieved from http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/350208.pdf
  • Galbraith, P. S., Larouche, P., Chassé, J., & Petrie, B. (2012). Sea-surface temperature in relation to air temperature in the Gulf of St. Lawrence: Interdecadal variability and long term trends. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 77-80, 10–20. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.04.001
  • Grossmann, I., & Klotzbach, P. J. (2009). A review of North Atlantic modes of natural variability and their driving mechanisms. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, D24107. doi:10.1029/2009JD012728
  • Hakkinen, S., Rhines, P. B., & Worthen, D. L. (2011). Atmospheric blocking and Atlantic Multidecadal ocean variability. Science, 334(6056), 655–659. doi:10.1126/science.1205683
  • Han, G., Ma, Z., & Bao, H. (2013). Trends of temperature, salinity, stratification and mixed-layer depth in the Northwest Atlantic. In J. W. Loder, G. Han, P. S. Galbraith, J. Chassé, & A. van der Baaren (Eds.), Aspects of climate change in the Northwest Atlantic off Canada (Ch. 2, pp. 19–32). Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Report No. 3045. Retrieved from http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/350208.pdf
  • Hartmann, D. L., Klein Tank, A. M. G., Rusticucci, M., Alexander, L. V., Brönnimann, S., Charabi, Y., … Zhai, P. M. (2013). Observations: Atmosphere and surface. In T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, & P. M. Midgley (Eds.), Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 159–254). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hebert, D. (2013). Trends in temperature, salinity, density and stratification for different regions in the Atlantic Canadian shelf. In J. W. Loder, G. Han, P. S. Galbraith, J. Chassé, & A. van der Baaren (Eds.), Aspects of climate change in the Northwest Atlantic off Canada (Ch. 3, pp. 33–42). Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Report No. 3045. Retrieved from http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/350208.pdf
  • Hebert, D., Pettipas, R., Brickman, D., & Dever, M. (2014). Meteorological, sea ice and physical oceanographic conditions on the Scotian Shelf and in the Gulf of Maine during 2013. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Research Document, 2014/070. Retrieved from http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/publications/resdocs-docrech/2014/2014_070-eng.pdf
  • Ishii, M., Shouji, A., Sugimoto, S., & Matsumoto, T. (2005). Objective analyses of sea-surface temperature and marine meteorological variables for the 20th century using ICOADS and the KOBE collection. International Journal of Climatology, 25(7), 865–879. doi: 10.1002/joc.1169
  • Knight, J. R., Allan, R. J., Folland, C., Vellinga, M., & Mann, M. E. (2005). A signature of persistent natural thermohaline circulation cycles in observed climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L20708. doi:10.1029/2005GL024233
  • Knudsen, M. F., Seidenkrantz, M.-S., Jacobsen, B. H., & Kuijpers, A. (2011). Tracking the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation through the last 8,000 years. Nature Communications, 2, 178. doi:10.1038/ncomms1186
  • Loder, J. W., Petrie, B., & Gawarkiewicz, G. (1998). The coastal ocean off northeastern North America: A large-scale view. In A. R. Robinson & K. H. Brink (Eds.), The global coastal ocean: Regional studies and synthesis. The Sea (Vol. 11, pp. 105–133). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Loder, J. W., Wang, Z., van der Baaren, A., & Pettipas, R. (2013). Trends and variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Atlantic from the HadISST, ERSST and COBE datasets. Canadian Technical Report of Hydrography and Ocean Sciences. 292. Retrieved from http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/350066.pdf
  • Maher, N., Sen Gupta, A., & England, M. H. (2014). Drivers of decadal hiatus periods in the 20th and 21st centuries. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(16), 5978–5986. doi:10.1002/2014GL060527
  • Mann, M. E., Steinman, B. A., & Miller, S. K. (2014). On forced temperature changes, internal variability, and the AMO. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(9), 3211–3219. doi:10.1002/2014GL059233
  • Marsh, R., Petrie, B., Weidman, C. R., Dickson, R. R., Loder, J. W., Hannah, C. G., … Drinkwater, K. (1999). The 1882 tilefish kill - a cold event in shelf waters off the north-eastern United States? Fisheries Oceanography, 8(1), 39–49. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2419.1999.00092.x
  • Medhaug, I., & Furevik, T. (2011). North Atlantic 20th century multidecadal variability in coupled climate models: Sea surface temperature and ocean overturning circulation. Ocean Science, 7(3), 389–404. doi:10.5194/os-7-389-2011
  • Miles, M. W., Divine, D. V., Furevik, T., Jansen, E., Moros, M., & Ogilvie, A. E. J. (2014). A signal of persistent Atlantic multidecadal variability in Arctic sea ice. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(2), 463–469. doi:10.1002/2013GL058084
  • Mills, K. E., Pershing, A. J., Brown, C. J., Chen, Y., Chiang, F.-S., Holland, D. S., … Wahle, R. A. (2013). Fisheries management in a changing climate: Lessons from the 2012 ocean heat wave in the Northwest Atlantic. Oceanography, 26(2), 191–195. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2013.27
  • Ou, H.-W. (2012). A minimal model of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability: Its genesis and predictability. Climate Dynamics, 38(3-4), 775–794. doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1007-3
  • Park, W., & Latif, M. (2010). Pacific and Atlantic multidecadal variability in the Kiel climate model. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L24702. doi:10.1029/2010GL045560
  • Parker, D., Folland, C., Scaife, A., Knight, J., Colman, A., Baines, P., & Dong, B. (2007). Decadal to multidecadal variability and the climate change background. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, D18115. doi:10.1029/2007JD008411
  • Peterson, I. K., & Pettipas, R. (2013). Trends in air temperature and sea ice in the Atlantic Large Aquatic Basin and adjoining areas. Canadian Technical Report of Hydrography and Ocean Sciences, 290. Retrieved from http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/350061.pdf
  • Petrie, B. (2007). Does the North Atlantic Oscillation affect hydrographic properties on the Canadian Atlantic continental shelf? Atmosphere-Ocean, 45(3), 141–151. doi:10.3137/ao.450302
  • Petrie, B., & Drinkwater, K. D. (1993). Temperature and salinity variability on the Scotian Shelf and in the Gulf of Maine 1945–1990. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 20079–20089. doi: 10.1029/93JC02191
  • Polyakov, I. V., Alexeev, V. A., Bhatt, U. S., Polyakova, E. I., & Zhang, X. (2010). North Atlantic warming: Patterns of long-term trend and multidecadal variability. Climate Dynamics, 34(2-3), 439–457. doi:10.1007/s00382-008-0522-3
  • Rahmstorf, S., Box, J. E., Feulner, G., Mann, M. E., Robinson, A., Rutherford, S., … Schaffernicht, E. J. (2015). Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation. Nature Climate Change, 5(5), 475–480. doi:10.1038/nclimate2554
  • Rayner, N. A., Kaplan, A., Kent, E. C., Reynolds, R. W., Brohan, P., Casey, K. S., … Brandon, T. (2010). Evaluating climate variability and change from modern and historical SST observations. In J. Hall, D. E. Harrison, & D. Stammer (Eds.), Proceedings of the OceanObs ‘09 Conference, Vol. 2.2 – Community White Papers (Part 2) (pp. 819–829). European Space Agency WPP-306. Retrieved from http://www.oceanobs09.net/proceedings/
  • Rayner, N. A., Parker, D. E., Horton, E. B., Folland, C. K., Alexander, L. V. Rowell, D. P., … Kaplan, A. (2003). Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(D14), 4407. doi:10.1029/2002JD002670
  • Robson, J., Sutton, R., Lohmann, K., Smith, D., & Palmer, M. D. (2012). Causes of the rapid warming of the North Atlantic Ocean in the mid-1990s. Journal of Climate, 25(12), 4116–4134. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00443.1
  • Shearman, R. K., & Lentz, S. J. (2010). Long-term sea surface temperature variability along the U.S. east coast. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 40(5), 1004–1017. doi:10.1175/2009JPO4300.1
  • Smith, T. M., Reynolds, R. W., Peterson, T. C., & Lawrimore, J. (2008). Improvements to NOAA's historical merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis (1880–2006). Journal of Climate, 21(10), 2283–2296. doi:10.1175/2007JCLI2100.1
  • Terray, L. (2012). Evidence for multiple drivers of North Atlantic multi-decadal climate variability. Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L19712. doi:10.1029/2012GL053046
  • Ting, M., Kushnir, Y., & Li, C. (2014). North Atlantic multidecadal SST oscillation: External forcing versus internal variability. Journal of Marine Systems, 133, 27–38. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.07.006
  • Ting, M., Kushnir, Y., Seager, R., & Li, C. (2009). Forced and internal twentieth-century SST trends in the North Atlantic. Journal of Climate, 22(6), 1469–1481. doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2561.1
  • Trenberth, K. E., Jones, P. D., Ambenje, P., Bojariu, R., Easterling, D., Klein Tank, A., & Zhai, P. (2007). Observations: Surface and atmospheric climate change. In S. D. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, & H. L. Miller (Eds.), Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 235–336). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Trenberth, K. E., & Shea, D. J. (2006). Atlantic hurricanes and natural variability in 2005. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L12704. doi:10.1029/2006GL026894
  • Vincent, L. A., Wang, X. L., Milewska, E. J., Wan, H., Yang, F., & Swail, V. (2012). A second generation of homogenized Canadian monthly surface air temperature for climate trend analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 117, D18110. doi:10.1029/2012JD017859
  • de Viron, O., Dickey, J. O., & Ghil, M. (2013). Global modes of climate variability. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(9), 1832–1837. doi:10.1002/grl.50386
  • Walter, K., & Graf, H.-F. (2002). On the changing nature of the regional connection between the North Atlantic Oscillation and sea surface temperature. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(D17), 4338. doi:10.1029/2001JD000850
  • Wang, C., Dong, S., Evan, A. T., Foltz, G. R., & Lee, S.-K. (2012). Multidecadal covariability of North Atlantic sea surface temperature, African dust, Sahel rainfall, and Atlantic hurricanes. Journal of Climate, 25(15), 5404–5415. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00413.1
  • Wang, Z., Lu, Y., Dupont, F., Loder, J. W., Hannah, C., & Wright, D. G. (2015). Variability of sea surface height and circulation in the North Atlantic: Forcing mechanisms and linkages. Progress in Oceanography, 132, 273–286. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2013.11.004
  • Wu, L., Cai, W., Zhang, L., Nakamura, H., Timmerman, A., Joyce, T., … Giese, B. (2012). Enhanced warming over the global subtropical western boundary currents. Nature Climate Change, 2(3), 161–166. doi:10.1038/nclimate1353
  • Yashayaev, I. (2007). Hydrographic changes in the Labrador Sea, 1960–2005. Progress in Oceanography, 73(3-4), 242–276. doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2007.04.015
  • Yashayaev, I., Head, E. J. H., Azetsu-Scott, K., Ringuette, M., Wang, Z., Anning, J., & Punschon, S. (2014). Environmental conditions in the Labrador Sea during 2013. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Research Document, 2014/105. Retrieved from http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/publications/resdocs-docrech/2014/2014_105-eng.pdf
  • Yasunaka, S., & Hanawa, K. (2011). Intercomparison of historical sea surface temperature datasets. International Journal of Climatology, 31(7), 1056–1073. doi:10.1002/joc.2104
  • Yu, B., & Boer, G. J. (2006). The variance of sea surface temperature and projected changes with global warming. Climate Dynamics, 26(7-8), 801–821. doi:10.1007/s00382-006-0117-9
  • Zhang, R., Delworth, T. L., Sutton, R., Hobson, D. L. R., Dixon, K. W., Held, I. M., … Vecchi, G. A. (2013). Have aerosols caused the observed Atlantic Multidecadal Variability? Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 70(4), 1135–1144. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-12-0331.1

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.