Meteorological factors affecting periodicity and concentration of airborne spores of Bremia lactucae

References

• Burchill , R. T. 1965 . Seasonal fluctuations in spore concentrations of Podosphaera leucotrica in relation to the incidence of leaf infection . Ann. Appl. Biol. , 55 : 409 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell , C. L. and Madden , L. V. 1990 . Introduction to plant disease epidemiology , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Carisse , O. and Kushalappa , A. C. 1990 . Development of an infection model for Cercospora carotae on carrots based on temperature and leaf wetness duration . Phytopathology , 80 : 1233 – 1238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couture , L. and Sutton , J. C. 1977 . Relation of weather variables and host factors to incidence of airborne spores of Bipolaris sorokiniana . Can. J. Bot. , 56 : 2162 – 2170 .
   Google Scholar
• Conseil des Productions Végétables du Québec . 1987 . Légumes : protection , Agdex 250–605 Québec : Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec .
   Google Scholar
• Crute , I. R. 1979 . Lettuce mildew — destroyer of quality . Agric. Res. Council Res. Rev. , 5 : 9 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Crute , I. R. 1987 . The occurrence, characteristics, distribution, genetics, and control of a metalaxyl-resistant pathotype of Bremia lactucae . Plant Dis. , 71 : 763 – 767 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crute , I. R. and Dixon , G. R. 1981 . “ Downy mildew diseases caused by the genus Bremia Regel ” . In The downy mildews , Edited by: Spencer , D. M. 421 – 459 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Crute , I. R. and Johnson , A. G. 1976 . The genetic relationship between races of Bremia lactucae and cultivars of Lactuca sativa . Ann. Appl. Biol. , 83 : 125 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dent , J. B. and Blackie , M. J. 1979 . Systems simulation in agriculture , London : Applied Science Publishers Ltd. .
   Google Scholar
• Dickinson , C. H. and Crute , I. R. 1974 . The influence of seedling age and development on the infection of lettuce by Bremia lactucae . Ann. Appl. Biol. , 76 : 49 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrara , B. F. , Ilott , T. W. and Michelmore , R. W. 1987 . Genetic analysis of factors for resistance to downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) in species of lettuce (Lactucae sativa and L. serricola) . Plant Pathol. , 36 : 499 – 514 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher , T. 1976 . Bremia lactucae oospores, sporangial dissemination and control . Ann. Appl. Biol. , 84 : 294 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadoury , D. M. and MacHardy , W. E. 1982 . A model to estimate the maturity of ascospores of Venturia inaequalis . Phytopathology , 72 : 901 – 904 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilott , T. W. , Hulbert , S. H. and Michelmore , R. W. 1989 . Genetic analysis of the gene-for-gene interaction between lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Bremia lactucae . Phytopathology , 79 : 888 – 897 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koike , S. and Henderson , D. 1997 . “ Implementation of a downy mildew prediction model ” . In Annual Report of the California Iceberg Lettuce Advisory Board Research Program Davis, Calif.
   Google Scholar
• Langenburg , W. J. , Sutton , J. C. and Gillespie , T. J. 1977 . Relation of weather variables and periodicities of airborne spores of Alternaria dauci . Phytopathology , 67 : 879 – 883 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michelmore , R. W. , Norwood , J. M. , Ingram , D. S. , Crute , I. R. and Nicholson , P. 1984 . The inheritance of virulence in Bremia lactucae to match resistance factors 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11 in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) . Plant Pathol. , 33 : 301 – 315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , W. M. 1984 . Integration of environmental and fungicidal control of Bremia lactucae in glasshouse lettuce crop . Crop Prot. , 3 : 349 – 361 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philion , V. , Carisse , O. and Macdonald , M. R. Field validation of a forecast model for downy mildew of lettuce caused by Bremia lactucae . Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Plant Pathologists . Aug. 9–16 1998 , Edinburgh, Scotland. [Abstr.]
   Google Scholar
• Populer , C. 1981 . “ Epidemiology of downy mildews ” . In The downy mildews , Edited by: Spencer , D. M. 53 – 105 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Powlesland , R. and Brown , W. 1954 . The fungicidal control of lettuce downy mildew caused by Bremia lactucae . Ann. Appl. Biol. , 41 : 461 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raffray , J. B. and Sequeira , L. 1971 . Dark induction of sporulation in Bremia lactucae . Can. J. Bot. , 49 : 237 – 239 .
   Google Scholar
• Raid , R. N. and Datnoff , L. E. 1990 . Loss of the EBDC fungicides: impact on control of downy mildew of lettuce . Plant Dis. , 74 : 829 – 831 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherm , H. and van Bruggen , A. H. C. 1993 . Response surface models for germination and infection of Bremia lactucae, the fungus causing downy mildew of lettuce . Ecolog. Modell. , 65 : 281 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherm , H. and van Bruggen , A. H. C. 1994a . Effects of fluctuating temperatures on the latent period of lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) . Phytopathology , 84 : 853 – 859 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherm , H. and van Bruggen , A. H. C. 1994b . Weather variables associated with infection of lettuce by downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) in coastal California . Phytopathology , 84 : 860 – 865 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherm , H. and van Bruggen , A. H. C. 1995 . Concurrent spore release and infection of lettuce by Bremia lactucae during mornings with prolonged leaf wetness . Phytopathology , 85 : 552 – 555 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherm , H. , Koike , S. T. , Laemmlen , F. F. and van Bruggen , A. H. C. 1995 . Field evaluation of spray advisories against lettuce downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) based on measured or forecast morning leaf wetness . Plant Dis. , 79 : 511 – 516 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schettini , T. M. , Legg , E. J. and Michelmore , R. W. 1991 . Insensitivity to metalaxyl in California populations of Bremia lactucae and resistance of California lettuce cultivars to downy mildew . Phytopathology , 81 : 64 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shumway , R. H. 1988 . Applied Statistical Time Series Analysis , Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Su , H. , van Bruggen , A. H. C. and Subbarao , K. V. 2000 . Spore release of Bremia lactucae in lettuce is affected by timing of light initiation and decrease in relative humidity . Phytopathology , 90 : 67 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton , J. C. , Swanton , C. J. and Gillespie , T. J. 1978 . Relation of weather variables and host factors to incidence of airborne spores of Botrytis squamosa . Can. J. Bot. , 56 : 2460 – 2469 .
   Google Scholar
• Verhoeff , K. 1960 . On the parasitism of Bremia lactucea (Regel) on lettuce . Tijdschr. Planteziekten , 66 : 133 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Wicks , T. J. , Hall , B. and Pezzaniti , P. 1993 . Fungicidal control of downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on lettuce . Aust. J. Exp. Agric. , 33 : 381 – 384 .
   Google Scholar
• Yarwood , C. E. 1957 . The relation of light to the diurnal cycle of sporulation in certain downy mildews . J. Agric. Res. , 54 : 365 – 373 .
   Google Scholar
• Yuen , J. E. and Lorbeer , J. W. 1983 . Metalaxyl controls downy mildew and supplements horizontal resistance to Bremia lactucae in lettuce grown on organic soil in New York . Plant Dis. , 67 : 615 – 616 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar