Reassessment of the presence of viroid species of the genus Pospiviroid in infected floral parts, using reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction and infectivity assays

References

• Benson , A. P. and Singh , R. P. 1964 . Seed transmission of potato spindle tuber virus in tomato . Am. Potato J. , 41 : 294
   Google Scholar
• Bostan , H. , Nie , X. and Singh , R. P. 2004 . An RT-PCR primer pair for the detection of Pospiviroid and its application in surveying ornamental plants for viroids . J. Virol. Methods , 116 : 189 – 193 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desjardins , P. R. , Drake , R. J. , Atkins , E. L. and Bergh , B. O. 1979 . Pollen transmission of avocado sunblotch virus experimentally demonstrated . Calif. Agric. , 33 : 14
   Google Scholar
• Ding , B. and Owens , R. A. 2003 . “ Viroids ” . In Movement , Edited by: Hadidi , A. , Flores , R. , Randles , J.W. and Semancik , J. S. 49 – 54 . Collingwood, VIC, , Australia : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Ding , B. , Itaya , A. and Qi , Y. 2003 . Symplasmic protein and RNA traffic: regulatory points and regulatory factors . Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. , 6 : 596 – 602 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernow , K. H. , Peterson , L. C. and Plaisted , R. L. 1970 . Spindle tuber virus in seeds and pollen of infected potato plants . Am. Potato J. , 47 : 75 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Grasmick , M. E. and Slack , S. A. 1986 . Effect of potato spindle tuber viroid on sexual reproduction and viroid transmission in true potato seed . Can. J. Bot. , 64 : 336 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Hadidi , A. and Yang , X. 1990 . Detection of pome fruit viroids by enzymatic cDNA amplification . J.Virol. Methods , 30 : 261 – 270 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadidi , A. , Hansen , A. J. , Parekh , C. L. and Yang , X. 1991 . Scar skin and dapple apple viroids are seed-borne and persistent in infected apple trees . Res. Virol. , 142 : 289 – 296 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hunter , D. E. , Darling , H. M. and Beale , W. L. 1969 . Seed transmission of potato spindle tuber virus . Am. Potato J. , 46 : 247 – 250 .
   Google Scholar
• Khoury , J. , Singh , R. P. , Boucher , A. and Coombs , D. H. 1988 . Concentration and distribution of mild and severe strains of potato spindle tuber viroid in cross-protected tomato plants . Phytopathology , 78 : 1331 – 1336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Király , L. , Bourque , J. E. and Schoelz , J. E. 1998 . Temporal and spatial appearance of recombinant viruses formed between cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and CaMV sequences present in transgenic Nicotiana bigelovii . Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. , 11 : 309 – 316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kryczynski , S. , Paduch-Cichal , E. and Skrzeczkowski , L. J. 1988 . Transmission of three viroids through seed and pollen of tomato plants . J. Phytopathol. (Berlin) , 121 : 51 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Mink , G. I. 1993 . Pollen- and seed-transmitted viruses and viroids . Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. , 31 : 375 – 402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nie , X. , Singh , R. P. and Bostan , H. 2005 . Molecular cloning, secondary structure, and phylogeny of three pospiviroids from ornamental plants . Can. J. Plant Pathol. , 27 : 592 – 602 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salazar , L. F. 1989 . “ Plant protection and quarantine. Selected pests and pathogens of quarantine significance ” . In Potato spindle tuber , Edited by: Kahn , R. P. Vol. II , 155 – 167 . Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , R. P. 1966 . Studies on potato spindle tuber virus , Fargo, N.D. : North Dakota State University . Ph.D. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Singh , R. P. 1970 . Seed transmission of potato spindle tuber virus in tomato and potato . Am. Potato J. , 47 : 225 – 227 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , R. P. Occurrence, diagnosis and eradication of the potato spindle tuber viroid in Canada . Viroids of plants and their detection. International Seminar . August 12-20 1986 , Warsaw, Poland. pp. 37 – 50 . Warsaw, , Poland : Warsaw Agricultural University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , R. P. and Finnie , R. E. 1973 . Seed transmission of potato spindle tuber metavirus through the ovule of Scopolia sinensis . Can. Plant Dis. Surv. , 53 : 153 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , R. P. , Boucher , A. and Seabrook , J. E. A. 1988 . Detection of the mild strains of potato spindle tuber viroid from single true potato seed by return electrophoresis . Phytopathology , 78 : 663 – 667 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , R. P. , Boucher , A. and Singh , A. 1991 . High incidence of transmission and occurrence of a viroid in commercial seeds of coleus in Canada . Plant Dis. , 75 : 184 – 187 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , R. P. , Boucher , A. and Somerville , T. H. 1992 . Detection of potato spindle tuber viroid in the pollen and various parts of potato plants pollinated with viroid-infected pollen . Plant Dis. , 76 : 951 – 953 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , R. P. , Ready , K. F. M. and Nie , X. 2003 . “ In Viroids ” . In Biology , Edited by: Hadidi , A. , Flores , R. , Randles , J. W. and Semancik , J. S. 30 – 48 . Collingwood, VIC, , Australia : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , R. P. , Dilworth , A. D. , Singh , M. and Babcock , K. M. 2006 . An alkaline solution simplifies nucleic acid preparation for RT-PCR and infectivity assays of viroids from crude sap and spotted membrane . J. Virol. Methods , 132 : 204 – 211 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turturo , C. , Minafra , A. , Ni , H. , Wang , G. , DiTerlizzi , B. and Savino , V. 1998 . Occurrence of peach latent mosaic viroid in China and development of an improved detection method . J. Plant Pathol. , 80 : 165 – 169 .
   Google Scholar
• Wah , Y. F. W. C. and Symons , R. H. 1997 . A high sensitivity RT-PCR assay for the diagnosis of grapevine viroids in field and tissue culture samples . J. Virol. Methods , 63 : 57 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Wallace , J. M. and Drake , R. J. 1962 . A high rate of seed transmission of avocado sun-blotch virus from symptomless trees and the origin of such trees . Phytopathology , 52 : 237 – 241 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhu , Y. , Green , L. , Woo , Y.-M. , Owens , R. and Ding , B. 2001 . Cellular basis of potato spindle tuber viroid systemic movement . Virology , 279 : 69 – 77 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar