Morphological and molecular identification and pathogenicity of Alternaria spp. associated with ginseng in Jilin province, China

References

• Abbasi PA, Ali S, Renderos W, Naeem HA, Papadopoulos Y. 2018. First report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot and blight symptoms on alfalfa in Canada. Can J Plant Pathol. 40:451–455. doi:10.1080/07060661.2018.1470111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adachi Y, Watanabe H, Tanabe K, Doke N, Nishimura S, Tsuge T. 1993. Nuclear ribosomal DNA as a probe for genetic variability in the Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria alternata. Appl Environ Microb. 59:3197–3205. doi:10.1128/AEM.59.10.3197-3205.1993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Nadabi HH, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Agrama H, Al-Azri M, Nasehi A, Al-Sadi AM. 2018. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of Alternaria species on wheat and date palms in Oman. Eur J Plant Pathol. 152:577–588. doi:10.1007/s10658-018-1550-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basim H, Basim E, Baki E, Abdulai M, Öztürk N, Balkic R. 2017. Identification and characterization of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler causing Ceratonia Blight disease of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) in Turkey. Eur J Plant Pathol. 151:73–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berbee ML, Pirseyedi M, Hubbard S. 1999. Cochliobolus phylogenetics and the origin of known, highly virulent pathogens, inferred from ITS and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene sequences. Mycologia. 91:964–977. doi:10.1080/00275514.1999.12061106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbone I, Anderson JB, Kohn LM. 1999. Patterns of descent in clonal lineages and their multilocus fingerprints are resolved with combined gene genealogies. Evolution. 53:11–21. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05329.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YQ, Wang Y, Feng GQ, Liu YZ. 2005. Biological characteristics of Alternaria panax Whetz isolated from Panax notoginseng. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica. 35:267–269.
   Google Scholar
• Deng JX, Paul NC, Park MS, Yu SH. 2013. Molecular characterization, morphology, and pathogenicity of Alternaria panax from araliaceous plants in Korea. Mycol Progress. 12:383–396. doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0844-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edgar RC. 2004. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res. 32(5):1792–1797. doi:10.1093/nar/gkh340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández RL, Rivera MC, Varsallona B, Wright ER. 2015. Disease prevalence and symptoms caused by Alternaria tenuissima and Pestalotiopsis guepinii on blueberry in Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires, Argentina. AJPS. 6:3082–3090. doi:10.4236/ajps.2015.619301.
   Google Scholar
• Gao J, Wang Y, Guan YM, Chen CQ. 2014. Fusarim cerealis, a new pathogen causing ginseng (Panax ginseng) root rot in China. Plant Dis. 98:1433. doi:10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0328-PDN.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan YM, Lu BH, Wang Y, Gao J, Wu LJ. 2014. First report of root rot caused by Fusarim redolens on ginseng (Panax ginseng) in Jilin Province of China. Plant Dis. 98:844. doi:10.1094/PDIS-09-13-0922-PDN.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gur L, Reuveni M, Cohen Y. 2016. Occurrence and etiology of Alternaria leaf blotch and fruit spot of apple caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali on cv. Pink lady in Israel. Eur J Plant Pathol. 147:695–708. doi:10.1007/s10658-016-1037-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill SN. 2009. Epidemiology of Alternaria panax on American ginseng and evaluation of a disease forecaster. Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan State University. ProQuest LLC.
   Google Scholar
• Hong SG, Cramer RA, Lawrence CB, Pryor BM. 2005. Alt a 1 allergen homologs from Alternaria and related taxa: analysis of phylogenetic content and secondary structure. Fungal Genet Biol. 42:119–129. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2004.10.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kgatle MG, Truter M, Ramusi TM, Flett B, Aveling TAS. 2018. Alternaria alternata, the causal agent of leaf blight of sunflower in South Africa. Eur J Plant Pathol. 151:667–688. doi:10.1007/s10658-017-1402-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khodaei S, Arzanlou M. 2013. Morphology, phylogeny and pathogenicity of Alternaria species, involved in leaf spot disease of sunflower in northern Iran. Arch Phytopathol Plant Protect. 46:2224–2234. doi:10.1080/03235408.2013.790259.
   Google Scholar
• Kim H, Mohanta TK, Park Y-H, Park SC, Shanmugam G, Park JS, Jeon J, Bae H. 2019. Complete genome sequence of the mountain-cultivated ginseng endophyte Burkholderia stabilis and its antimicrobial compounds against ginseng root rot disease. Biol Control. 140:104–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YC, Lee JH, Bae YS, Sohn BK, Park SK. 2010. Development of effective environmentally-friendly approaches to control Alternaria blight and anthracnose disease of Korean ginseng. Eur J Plant Pathol. 127:443–450. doi:10.1007/s10658-010-9610-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li MJ, Pan X, Wang Q, Liu Z, Sun H, Shao C, Guan YM, Zhang Y. 2020. First report of leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata on ginseng (Panax ginseng) in China. Plant Dis. 104:571. doi:10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1897-PDN.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu LP, Liu YN, Yang LY, Lu BH, Yang LN, Wang X, Li Y, Gao J, Hsiang T. 2017. First report of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum destructivum on curly dock in China. Plant Dis. 101:256–257. doi:10.1094/PDIS-08-16-1084-PDN.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu LP, Zhang L, Qiu PL, Wang Y, Liu YN, Li Y, Gao J, Hsiang T. 2020. Leaf spot of Polygonatum odoratum caused by Colletotrichum spaethianum. J Gen Plant Pathol. 86:157–161. doi:10.1007/s10327-019-00903-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu YJ, Whelen SR, Hall BD. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerse II subunit. Mol Biol Evol. 16:1799–1808. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu BH, Wang XH, Wang R, Wang X, Yang LN, Liu LP, Yang C, Gao J, Liu XN. 2019. First report of Botrytis pelargonii causing postharvest gray mold on fresh ginseng roots in China. Plant Dis. 103(1):149. doi:10.1094/PDIS-01-17-0031-PDN.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamed ZR, Honda Y, Islam SZ, Muroguchi N, Arase S. 2002. Leaf spot disease of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) caused by Alternaria tenuissima–A new disease in Japan. J Gen Plant Pathol. 68:31–37. doi:10.1007/PL00013049.
   Google Scholar
• Nakata K, Takimoto S. 1922. Studies on ginseng diseases in Korea. Bull.Agric. Exper. Stat. Chosen. 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Nishikawa J, Nakashima C. 2019. The Mycological Society of Japan. 2019. Morpholoical and molecular characterization of the strawberry black leaf spot pathogen referred to as the strawberry pathotype of Alternaria alternata. Mycoscience. 60:1–9. doi:10.1016/j.myc.2018.05.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park Y-H, Lee S-G, Ahn DJ, Kwon TR, Park SU, Lim H-S, Bae H. 2012. Diversity of fungal endophytes in various tissues of Panax ginseng Meyer cultivated in Korea. J Gins Res. 36:211–217. doi:10.5142/jgr.2012.36.2.211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raja P, Reddy AVR, Allam US. 2006. First report of Alternaria tenuissima causing leaf spot and fruit rot on eggplant (Solanum melongena) in India. Plant Pathol. 55:579–579. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01379.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rambaut A. 2014. FigTree v. 1.4.2. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh. http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/.
   Google Scholar
• Reeleder RD. 2003. The ginseng root pathogens Cylindrocarpon destructans and Phytophthora cactorum are not pathogenic to the medicinal herbs Hydrastis canadensis and Acataea racemosa. Can J Plant Pathol. 25:218–221. doi:10.1080/07060660309507072.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Wang SR, Yang MJ, Lu BH, Liu LP, Gao J. 2018. Detection of the resistance of Alternaria panax and cross-resistance on ginseng in Jilin Province. Agrochemicals. 57:603–605.
   Google Scholar
• Wang TY, Zhao J, Ma GP, Bao SW, Wu XH. 2019. Leaf blight of sunflower caused by Alternaria tenuissima and A. alternata in Beijing, China. Can J Plant Pathol. 41:372–378. doi:10.1080/07060661.2019.1583288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang TY, Zhao J, Sun P, Wu XH. 2014. Characterization of Alternaria species associated with leaf blight of sunflower in China. Eur J Plant Pathol. 140:301–315. doi:10.1007/s10658-014-0464-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang WX, Jia FJ, Li Y, Huang JB. 2007. Biological characteristics of the pathogen causing dark leaf spot on Atractylodes lancea. Plant Protection. 33:107–110.
   Google Scholar
• Wee J-I, Park J-H, Back C-G, You Y-H, Chang T. 2016. First report of leaf spot caused by Alternaria tenuissima on black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) in Korea. Mycobiology. 44:187–190. doi:10.5941/MYCO.2016.44.3.187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei SQ, Sun Y, Xi G, Zhang H, Xiao M, Yin R. 2018. Development of a single-tube nested PCR-lateral flow biosensor assay for rapid and accurate detection of Alternaria panax Whetz. PloS One. 13:e0206462. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White TJ, Bruns TD, Lee SB, Taylor JW. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand GH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ, editors. PCR protocols–A guide to methods and applications. New York (NY): Academic Press; p. 315–322.
   Google Scholar
• Woudenberg JHC, Seidl MF, Groenewald JZ, de Vries M, Stielow JB, Thomma BPHJ, Crous PW. 2015. Alternaria section Alternaria: species, formae speciales or pathotypes? Stud Mycol. 82:1–21. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.07.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woudenberg JHC, Truter M, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW. 2014. Large-spored Alternaria pathogens in section Porri disentangled. Stud Mycol. 79:1–47. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2014.07.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao J, Ma GP, Liu YY, Wu XH. 2018. Alternaria species infecting potato in southern China. Can J Plant Pathol. 40:312–317. doi:10.1080/07060661.2018.1459850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao RF, Chen WQ, Zhang TY. 1993. Research progress on black spot disease of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius in China. Plant Protection. 1:31–32.
   Google Scholar
• Zheng HH, Zhao J, Wang TY, Wu XH. 2015. Characterization of Alternaria species associated with potato foliar diseases in China. Plant Pathol. 64:425–433. doi:10.1111/ppa.12274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar