Characterization of Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes from western Canada in 2019–2020

References

• Akhavan A, Peru C, Cubbon D, Giroyed J, Esau B, Darcy O, Jacob C, Ippolito J, Kindrachuk K, Campbell E, et al. 2020. Survey of canola diseases in Saskatchewan, 2020. Canadian plant disease survey 2021 Vol. 101: disease highlights 2020. Can J Plant Pathol. 43(S1):132–136. doi:10.1080/07060661.2021.1932163.
   Google Scholar
• Askarian H, Akhavan A, Manolii VP, Cao T, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE. 2021. Virulence spectrum of single-spore and field isolates of Plasmodiophora brassicae able to overcome resistance in canola (Brassica napus). Plant Dis. 105(1):43–52. doi:10.1094/PDIS-03-20-0471-RE.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botero-Ramírez A, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE. 2021. Effect of clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) on yield of canola (Brassica napus). Can J Plant Pathol. 44(3):372–385. doi:10.1080/07060661.2021.1989801.
   Google Scholar
• Buczacki ST, Toxopeus H, Mattusch P, Johnston TD, Dixon GR, Holboth LA. 1975. Study of physiologic specialization in Plasmodiophora brassicae: Proposals for attempted rationalization through an international approach. Trans Br Mycol Soc. 65:295–303. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(75)80013-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canola Council of Canada. 2020. Canola now worth 26.7 billion to Canadian economy [Online]. [accessed 2021 December 15]. https://www.canolacouncil.org/news/canola-now-worth-$267-billion-to-canadian-economy/.
   Google Scholar
• Canola Watch. 2020. Seed decisions: what clubroot-resistance to choose? [Online]. [accessed 2021 15 December]. https://www.canolawatch.org/2019/12/04/seed-decisions-what-clubroot-resistance-to-choose/.
   Google Scholar
• Cao T, Manolii VP, Hwang SF, Howard RJ, Strelkov SE. 2009. Virulence and spread of Plasmodiophora brassicae [clubroot] in Alberta, Canada. Can J Plant Pathol. 31:321–329. doi:10.1080/07060660909507606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chittem K, Mansouripour SM, Del Río Mendoza LE. 2014. First report of clubroot on canola caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae in North Dakota. Plant Dis. 98(10):1438. doi:10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0430-PDN.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diederichsen E, Beckmann J, Schondelmeier J, Dreyer F. 2006. Genetics of clubroot resistance in Brassica napus ´MENDEL´. Acta Hort. 706(706):307–312. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.706.35.
   Google Scholar
• Dixon GR. 2009. The occurrence and economic impact of Plasmodiophora brassicae and clubroot disease. J Plant Growth Regul. 28(3):194–202. doi:10.1007/s00344-009-9090-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox NM, Hwang SF, Manolii VP, Turnbull G, Strelkov SE. 2021. Evaluation of lime products for clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) management in canola (Brassica napus) cropping systems. Can J Plant Pathol. 44(1):21–38. doi:10.1080/07060661.2021.1940590.
   Google Scholar
• Fredua‐agyeman R, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE, Zhou Q, Feindel D. 2018. Potential loss of clubroot resistance genes from donor parent Brassica rapa subsp. rapifera (ECD 04) during doubled haploid production. Plant Pathol. 67(4):892–901. doi:10.1111/ppa.12816.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galindo-González L, Manolii V, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE. 2020. Response of Brassica napus to Plasmodiophora brassicae involves salicylic acid-mediated immunity: an RNA-Seq-based study. Front Plant Sci. 11:1025. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.01025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gossen BD, Strelkov SE, Manolii VP, Rennie DC, Cao T, Hwang SF, Peng G, McDonald MR. 2015. Spread of Plasmodiophora brassicae on canola in Canada, 2003–2014: old pathogen, new home. Can J Plant Pathol. 37(4):403–413. doi:10.1080/07060661.2015.1105871.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennig BC, Hwang SF, Manolii VP, Turnbull G, Robinson SVJ, Strelkov SE. 2022. Evaluation of host resistance, hydrated lime, and weed control to manage clubroot in Canola. Horticulturae. 8(3):215. doi:10.3390/horticulturae8030215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildebrand PD, Delbridge RW. 1995. Race survey of Plasmodiophora brassicae in nova scotia. Can Plant Dis Surv. 75:170.
   Google Scholar
• Hollman KB, Hwang SF, Manolii VP, Strelkov SE. 2021. Pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae collected from clubroot resistant canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in western Canada in 2017-2018. Can J Plant Pathol. 43(4):622–630. doi:10.1080/07060661.2020.1851893.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honig F. 1931. Der Kohlkropferreger. (Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) Eine Monographie. Gartenbauwissen. 5:116–225.
   Google Scholar
• Horiuchi S, Hori M. 1980. A simple greenhouse technique for obtaining high levels of clubroot incidence. Bull Chugoku Nat Agric Exp Stn. 17:33–35.
   Google Scholar
• Hwang SF, Ahmed HU, Zhou Q, Rashid A, Strelkov SE, Gossen BD, Peng G, Turnbull GD. 2013. Effect of susceptible and resistant canola plants on Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spore populations in the soil. Plant Pathol. 62(2):404–412. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2012.02636.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang SF, Howard RJ, Strelkov SE, Gossen BD, Peng G. 2014. Management of clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) on canola (Brassica napus) in western Canada. Can J Plant Pathol. 36(sup1):49–65. doi:10.1080/07060661.2013.863806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuginuki Y, Hiroaki Y, Hirai M. 1999. Variation in virulence of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Japan tested with clubroot-resistant cultivars of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp pekinensis). Eur J Plant Pathol. 105(4):327–332. doi:10.1023/A:1008705413127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBoldus JM, Manolii VP, Turkington TK, Strelkov SE. 2012. Adaptation to Brassica host genotypes by a single-spore isolate and population of Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot). Plant Dis. 96(6):833–838. doi:10.1094/PDIS-09-11-0807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaren DL, Kaminski D, Graham J, Bargen E, Buss T, Clouson N, Cummer T, Farooq A, Forbes B, Froese D, et al. 2020. Survey of canola diseases in Manitoba in 2019. Can Plant Dis Surv. 2020 Vol. 100: disease highlights 2019. Can J Plant Pathol. 42(S1):149–152. doi:10.1080/07060661.2020.1752524.
   Google Scholar
• Pageau D, Lajeunesse J, Lafond J. 2006. Impact de l’hernie des crucifères [Plasmodiophora brassicae] sur la productivité et la qualité du canola. Can J Plant Pathol. 28(1):137–143. doi:10.1080/07060660609507280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rennie DC, Holtz MD, Turkington TK, Leboldus JM, Hwang SF, Howard RJ, Strelkov SE. 2015. Movement of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores in windblown dust. Can J Plant Pathol. 37(2):188–196. doi:10.1080/07060661.2015.1036362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somé A, Manzanares MJ, Laurens F, Baron F, Thomas G, Rouxel F. 1996. Variation for virulence on Brassica napus L. amongst Plasmodiophora brassicae collections from France and derived single-spore isolates. Plant Pathol. 45(3):432–439. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3059.1996.d01-155.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strelkov SE, Hwang SF. 2014. Clubroot in the Canadian Canola crop: 10 years into the outbreak. Can J Plant Pathol. 36(sup1):27–36. doi:10.1080/07060661.2013.863807.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strelkov SE, Hwang SF, Manolii VP, Cao T, Feindel D. 2016. Emergence of new virulence phenotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae on canola (Brassica napus) in Alberta, Canada. Eur J Plant Pathol. 145(3):517–529. doi:10.1007/s10658-016-0888-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strelkov SE, Hwang SF, Manolii VP, Cao T, Fredua-Agyeman R, Harding MW, Peng G, Gossen BD, Mcdonald MR, Feindel D. 2018. Virulence and pathotype classification of Plasmodiophora brassicae populations collected from clubroot resistant canola (Brassica napus) in Canada. Can J Plant Pathol. 40(2):284–298. doi:10.1080/07060661.2018.1459851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strelkov SE, Hwang SF, Manolii VP, Turnbull G, Fredua-Agyeman R, Hollman K, Kaus S. 2021a. Characterization of clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) from canola (Brassica napus) in the peace country of Alberta, Canada. Can J Plant Pathol. 43(1):155–161. doi:10.1080/07060661.2020.1776931.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strelkov SE, Manolii VP, Aigu Y, Harding MW, Hwang SF, Daniels GC. 2021b. The occurrence and spread of clubroot on canola in Alberta in 2020. Can Plant Dis Surv. 2021 Vol. 101: disease highlights 2020. Can J Plant Pathol. 43(S1):114–117. doi:10.1080/07060661.2020.1776931.
   Google Scholar
• Strelkov SE, Manolii VP, Harding MW, Daniels GC, Nuffer P, Aigu Y, Hwang SF. 2020. Occurrence and spread of clubroot on canola in Alberta in 2019. Can Plant Dis Surv. 2020 Vol. 100: disease Highlights 2019. Can J Plant Pathol. 42(S1):117–120. doi:10.1080/07060661.2020.1752524.
   Google Scholar
• Strelkov SE, Tewari JP, Smith-Degenhardt E. 2006. Characterization of Plasmodiophora brassicae populations from Alberta, Canada. Can J Plant Pathol. 28(3):467–474. doi:10.1080/07060660609507321.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewari JP, Strelkov SE, Orchard D, Hartman M, Lange RM, Turkington TK. 2005. Identification of clubroot of crucifers on canola (Brassica napus) in Alberta. Can J Plant Pathol. 27(1):143–144. doi:10.1080/07060660509507206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallenhammar AC. 1996. Prevalence of Plasmodiophora brassicae in a spring oil seed rape growing area in central Sweden and factors influencing soil infestation levels. Plant Pathol. 45(4):710–719. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3059.1996.d01-173.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams PH. 1966. A system for the determination of races of Plasmodiophora brassicae that infect cabbage and rutabaga. Phytopathol. 56:624–626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue S, Cao T, Howard RJ, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE. 2008. Isolation and variation in virulence of single-spore isolates of Plasmodiophora brassicae from Canada. Plant Dis. 92(3):456–462. doi:10.1094/PDIS-92-3-0456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar