Student evaluation of teaching: gender bias in a country at the forefront of gender equality

References

• Algozzine, B., Gretes, J., Flowers, C., Howley, L., Beattie, J., Spooner, F., Mohanty G., & Bray, M. (2004). Student evaluation of college teaching: A practice in search of principles. College Teaching, 52(4), 134–141. https://doi.org/10.3200/CTCH.52.4.134-141
   Google Scholar
• Anders, S. (2004). Why the academic pipeline leaks: Fewer men than women perceive barriers to becoming professors. Sex Roles, 51(9/10), 511–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-004-5461-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrow, M., Grant, B., & Xu, L. (2020). Academic identities research: Mapping the field’s theoretical frameworks. Higher Education Research & Development, 42(2), 240–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1849036
   Google Scholar
• Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boring, A. (2017). Gender biases in student evaluations of teaching. Journal of Public Economics, 145, 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.11.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boring, A., & Ottoboni, K. (2016). Student evaluations of teaching (mostly) do not measure teaching effectiveness. ScienceOpen Research.
   Google Scholar
• Carlsson, M., Finseraas, H., Midtbøen, A. H., & Rafnsdóttir, G. L. (2021). Survey experiment in the Nordic region reveals bias against men in academic evaluations. European Sociological Review. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcaa050
   Google Scholar
• Casey, B. H. (2009). The economic contribution of PhDs. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 31(3), 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600800902974294
   Google Scholar
• Cech, E. A., & Blair-Loy, M. (2019). The changing career trajectories of new parents in STEM. PNAS, 116, 10. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810862116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centra, J. A., & Gaubatz, N. B. (2000). Is there gender bias in student evaluations of teaching? The Journal of Higher Education, 71(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.2307/2649280
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayson, D. E. (2020). Student perception of instructors: The effect of age, gender and political leaning. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 45(4), 607–616. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2019.1679715
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayson, D. (2022). The student evaluation of teaching and likability: What the evaluations actually measure. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 47(2), 313–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2021.2011133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
   Google Scholar
• Denson, N., Loveday, T., & Dalton, H. (2010). Student evaluation of courses: What predicts satisfaction? Higher Education Research & Development, 29(4), 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360903394466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einarsdóttir, ÞJ. (2020). All that glitters is not gold: Shrinking and bending gender equality in rankings and nation branding. NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 28(2), 140–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2020.1745884
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, Y., Shepherd, L. J., Slavich, E., Waters, D., Stone, M., Abel, R., … Johnston, E. L. (2019). Gender and cultural bias in student evaluations: Why representation matters. PLoS One, 14(2), e0209749. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasser, C. E., & Shaffer, K. S. (2014). Career development of women in academia: Traversing the leaky pipeline. The Professional Counselor, 4(4), 332–352. https://doi.org/10.15241/ceg.4.4.332
   Google Scholar
• Heffernan, T. (2021). Sexism, racism, prejudice, and bias: A literature review and synthesis of research surrounding student evaluations of courses and teaching. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2021.1888075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heijstra, T. M., Steinthorsdóttir, F. S., & Einarsdóttir, T. (2017). Academic career making and the double-edged role of academic housework. Gender and Education, 29(6), 764–780. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2016.1171825
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertz, N. (2016). Why Iceland is the best place in the world to be a women. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/oct/24/iceland-best-place-to-be-women-equal-gender-maternity
   Google Scholar
• Hoorens, V., Dekkers, G., & Deschrijver, E. (2021). Gender bias in student evaluations of teaching: Students’ self-affirmation reduces the bias by lowering evaluations of male professors. Sex Roles, 84(1), 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-020-01148-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilpatrick, R. (2017). Iceland has become the first country to officially require gender pay equality. http://fortune.com/2017/03/09/women-iceland-pay-equality-gender/
   Google Scholar
• Kulik, J. A. (2001). Student ratings: Validity, utility, and controversy. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2001(109), 9–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/ir.1
   Google Scholar
• Le Feuvre, N. (2015). Contextualizing Women’s Academic Carrers in Cross-National Perspective. GARCIA working paper n. 3, University of Trento (ISBN 978-88-8443-637-5). Retrieved April 23, 2021, from http://garciaproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/GARCIA_report_wp3.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lipton, B. (2021). Academics’ dress: Gender and aesthetic labour in the Australian university. Higher Education Research & Development, 40(4), 767–780. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1773767
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, K. M., & Martin, J. (2018). Gender bias in student evaluations. PS: Political Science & Politics, 51(3), 648–652. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104909651800001X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, M. W. (2017). Scandinavian approaches to gender equality in academia: A comparative study. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 61(3), 295–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2016.1147066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, D. A., Biederman, L. A., Andersen, D., Ditonto, T. M., & Roe, K. (2019). Mitigating gender bias in student evaluations of teaching. PLoS One, 14(5), e0216241. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinheiro, J. C., & Bates, D. M. (2006). Mixed-effects models in S and S-PLUS. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Pounder, J. S. (2007). Is student evaluation of teaching worthwhile? Quality Assurance in Education, 15(2), 178–191. https://doi.org/10.1108/09684880710748938
   Google Scholar
• Punyanunt-Carter, N., & Carter, S. L. (2015). Students’ gender bias in teaching evaluations. Higher Learning Research Communications, 5(3), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.18870/hlrc.v5i3.234
   Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair, L., & Kunda, Z. (2000). Motivated stereotyping of women: She’s fine if she praised me but incompetent if she criticized me. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(11), 1329–1342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200263002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staub, M., & Heijstra, T. M. (2021). This would never be possible if not for our team play: An analysis of Icelandic doctorate earnings from a gender perspective. Journal of Family and Economic Issues. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-021-09788-y
   Google Scholar
• Staub, M., & Rafnsdóttir, G. L. (2020). Gender, agency, and time use among doctorate holders: The case of Iceland. Time and Society, 29(1), 143–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X19884481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1997). Grounded theory in practice. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Teigen, M., & Skjeie, H. (2017). The Nordic gender equality model. In O. Knutsen (Ed.), The Nordic models in political science. Challenged but still viable? (pp. 125–147). Fagbokforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Thébaud, S., & Taylor, C. J. (2021). The specter of motherhood: Culture and the production of gendered career aspirations in science and engineering. Gender & Society, 35(3), 395–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/08912432211006037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Economist. (n.d.). The glass-ceiling index. https://infographics.economist.com/2017/glass-ceiling/
   Google Scholar
• World Economic Forum. (2021). The Global gender gap report 2021, Geneva. Retrieved July 21, 2021, from https://www.weforum.org/reports/global-gender-gap-report-2021
   Google Scholar
• World Economic Forum. (n.d.). https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/11/why-iceland-ranks-first-gender-equality/
   Google Scholar