Dietary palmitic and oleic acids exert similar effects on serum cholesterol and lipoprotein profiles in normocholesterolemic men and women.

References

• Hegsted DM, McGandy RB, Myers ML, Stare FJ: Quantitative effects of dietary fat on serum cholesterol in man. Am J Clin Nutr 17: 281–295, 1965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes KC, Pronczuk A, Lindsey S, Diersen-Schade D: Dietary saturated fatty acids (12:0, 14:0, 16:0) differ in their impact on plasma cholesterol and lipoproteins in nonhuman primates. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 491–498, 1991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosla P, Hayes KC: Comparison between the effects of dietary saturated (16:0), monounsaturated (18:1), and polyunsaturated (18:2) fatty acids on plasma lipoprotein metabolism in cebus and rhesus monkeys fed cholesterol-free diets. Am J Clin Nutr, in press.
   Google Scholar
• Becker N, Illingworth DR, Alaupovic PA, Connor WE, Sun-Berg EE: Effects of saturated, monounsaturated, and n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 37: 3553–3560, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Reiser R, Probstfield JL, Silvers A, Scott LW, Shorney ML, Wood RD, O'Brien BC, Gotto AM Jr, Insull W: Plasma lipid and lipoprotein response of humans to beef fat, coconut oil and safflower oil. Am J Clin Nutr 42: 190–197, 1985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattson FH, Grundy SM: Comparison of effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in man. J Lipid Res 26: 194–202, 1985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keys A, Anderson JT, Grande F: Prediction of serum cholesterol responses of man to changes in fats in the diet. Lancet 2: 959–966, 1957.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keys A: Lowering plasma cholesterol by diet. N Engl J Med 315: 585, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes KC: Dietary saturated fatty acids and LDL or HDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med 322: 402–403, 1990.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ng TKW, Hassan K, Lim JB, Lye MS, Ishak R: Nonhyper-cholesterolemic effects of a palm olein diet in Malaysian volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 53 (Suppl):1015S-1020S, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Linusson EEI, Sandjur D, Erickson E: Validating the 24-hour recall method as a dietary survey tool. Arch Latinoam Nutr 24: 277–294, 1974.
   Google Scholar
• Lapage G, Roy CC: Direct transesterification of all classes of lipids in a one-step reaction. J Lipid Res 27: 114–120, 1986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freidwald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS: Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18: 499–502, 1972.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Snedecor GW, Cochran W: “Statistical Methods,” 7th ed. Ames: The Iowa State University Press, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Ng TKW: Edible oils and fats in the Malaysian diet: the role of RBD palm olein. Proc Advances in Food Research III. Malaysia: UPM Serdang, pp 157–169, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Bonanome A, Grundy SM: Effect of dietary stearic acid on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels. N Engl J Med 319: 1244–1248, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Hegsted DM, Nicolosi RJ: Do formula diets attenuate the serum cholesterol response to dietary fats? J Vasc Med Biol 2: 68–73, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Hegsted DM: Dietary fatty acids, serum cholesterol and coronary heart disease. In Nelson GJ (ed): “Health Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids.” Champaign, IL: Am Oil Chem Soc, pp 50–68, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Berns MAM, de Vries JHM, Katan MB: Increase in body fitness as a major determinant of changes in serum total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in young men over a 10 year period. Am J Epidemiol 130: 1109–1122, 1989.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grundy SM, Vega GL: Influence of mevinolin on metabolism of LDL in primary moderate hypercholesterolemia. J Lipid Res 26: 1464–1475, 1985.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rudel LL, Haines JL, Sawyer JK: Effects on plasma lipoproteins on monounsaturated, saturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet of African green monkeys. J Lipid Res 31: 1873–1882, 1990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khosla P, Hayes KC: Dietary fat saturation in rhesus monkeys affects LDL concentrations by modulating the independent production of LDL apolipoprotein B. Biochim Biophys Acta 1083: 46–56, 1991.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kohout M, Kohoutova B, Heimberg M: The regulation of hepatic triglyceride metabolism by free fatty acids. J Biol Chem 246: 5067–5074, 1971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy SM, Denke MA: Dietary influences on serum lipids and lipoproteins. J Lipid Res 31: 1149–1172, 1990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leyton J, Drury PJ, Crawford MA: Differential oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in vivo in the rat. Br J Nutr 57: 383–393, 1987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes KC, Khosla P, Pronzuk A, Lindsey S: Reexamination of the dietary fatty acid—plasma cholesterol issue: Is palmitic acid neutral? In Gold P (ed): “Dietary Fats and Cholesterol.” Toronto: Kush Med Commun, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Sundram K, Hassan AH, Siru OH, Hayes KC: Dietary palmitate lowers cholesterol relative to laurate and myristate in humans. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 11: 1614a, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Pronczuk A, Patton GM, Stephan ZF, Hayes KC: Species variation in the atherogenic profile of monkeys: relationshp between dietary fats, lipoproteins, and platelet aggregation. Lipids 26: 213–222, 1991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahrens EH, Insull W, Blomstrand R, Hirsch J, Tsaltas TT, Peterson ML: The influence of dietary fat on serum lipid levels in man. Lancet 1: 943–953, 1957.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGandy RB, Hegsted DM, Meyers ML: Use of semisynthetic fats in determining the effects of specific dietary fatty acids on serum lipids in man. Am J Clin Nutr 23: 1288–1298, 1970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grande F, Anderson JT, Keys A: Comparison of effects of palmitic and stearic acids in the diet on serum cholesterol in man. Am J Clin Nutr 23: 1184–1193, 1970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kritchevsky D: Effects of triglyceride structure on lipid metabolism. Nutr Rev 46: 1184–1193, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Brown MS, Goldstein JL: A receptor-mediated pathway for cholesterol homeostasis. Science 232: 34–47, 1986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spady DK, Dietschy JM: Interaction of dietary cholesterol and triglycerides in the regulation of hepatic LDL transport in the hamster. J Clin Invest 81: 300–309, 1988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolosi RJ, Stucchi AF, Kowala MC, Hennessy LK, Hegsted DM, Schaefer EJ: Effect of dietary fat saturation and cholesterol on LDL composition and metabolism. Arteriosclerosis 10: 119–128, 1990.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kovanen PT, Brown MS, Goldstein JL: Increased binding of LDL to liver membranes from rats treated with 17α-ethinyl estradiol. J Biol Chem 254: 11367, 1979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winkler L, Dargel R, Mest HJ, Beitz J, Block HU, Beitz A, Miller G: Thromboxane formation capacity of platelets. Atherosclerosis 60: 95–99, 1986.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barrow SE, Ritter JM: Prostacylin biosynthesis in vivo: measurements in plasma and urine. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Ess Fat Acid 33: 213–220, 1988.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar