REFERENCES
- Moore T: Vitamin A and carotene. VI. The conversion of carotene to vitamin A in vivo. Biochem J 24: 692–702, 1930.
- Olson JA, Hayaishi O: The enzymatic cleavage of beta-carotene into vitamin A by soluble enzymes of rat liver and intestine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 54: 1364–1370, 1965.
- Goodman DS, Huang HS, Kanai M, Shiratori T: The enzymatic conversion of all-trans β-carotene into retinal. J Biol Chem 242: 3543–3554, 1967.
- Fidge NH, Smith FR, Goodman DS: The enzymatic conversion of β-carotene into retinal in hog intestinal mucosa. Biochem J 114: 689–694, 1969.
- Singh H, Cama HR: Enzymatic cleavage of carotenoids. Biochem Biophys Acta 370: 49–61, 1974.
- Dmitrovskii AA, Ershov YuV: Possible participation of free radicals in enzymatic conversion of β-carotene to retinal. Prikladnaya Biokhimiya i Mikrobiologiya 29: 125–130, 1993.
- Ershov YuV, Dmitrovskii AA, Bykhovskii VYa: Properties of β-carotene 15,15′-dioxygenase stabilized by lutein and dithiothreitol during isolation. Biokhimiya 58: 416–423, 1993.
- Seaborn CD, Kiangura RK, Brusewitz GH, Stoecker BJ: Effects of copper and selenium on beta-carotene conversion and bone strength in rats [Abstract]. FASEB J 5: A1313, 1991.
- Swanson JE, Parker RS: Effect of iron on liver vitamin A and β-carotene stores in rats fed β-carotene as sole source of vitamin A [Abstract]. FASEB J 7: A276, 1993.
- Dulin A, Bieri JG, Smith JC: Copper deficiency does not affect conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A in rats. Nutr Research 15: 589–594, 1995.
- Conrad ME: Regulation of iron absorption. Prog Clin Biol Res 380: 203–219, 1993.
- Fields M, Lewis CG, Lure MD, Burns WA, Antholine WE: The severity of copper deficiency can be ameliorated by deferoxamine. Metabolism 40: 105–109, 1991.
- Owen CA Jr: Effects of iron on copper metabolism and copper on iron metabolism in rats. Am J Physiol 224: 514–518, 1978.
- Williams DM, Kennedy FS, Green BG: Hepatic iron accumulation in copper deficient rats. Br J Nutr 50: 653–660, 1983.
- Nagao A, During A, Hoshino C, Terao J, Olson JA: Stoichiometric conversion of all-trans-β-carotene to retinal by pig intestinal extract. Arch Biochem Biophys 328: 57–63, 1996.
- American Institute of Nutrition: Report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc committee on standards for nutritional studies. J Nutr 107: 1340–1348, 1977.
- American Institute of Nutrition: Second report of the ad hoc committee on standards for nutritional studies. J Nutr 110: 1726, 1980.
- Hill AD, Patterson KY, Veillon C, Morris ER: Digestion of biological materials for mineral analyses using a combination of wet and dry ashing. Anal Chem 58: 2340–2342, 1986.
- National Research Council: “Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals.” Publication No. 85-23 (Rev). Washington DC: NIH, 1985.
- Bradford MM: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248–254, 1976.
- During A, Nagao A, Hoshino C, Terao J: Assay of β-carotene 15,15′-dioxygenase activity by reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 241: 199–205, 1996.
- Ross AC: Separation and quantification of retinyl esters and retinol by high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods Enzymol 123: 68–74, 1986.
- Elvehjem CA, Sherman WC: The action of copper in iron metabolism. J Biol Chem 98: 309–311, 1932.
- Yu J, Wessling-Resnick M: Influence of copper depletion on iron uptake mediated by SFT, a stimulator of Fe transport. J Biol Chem 273: 6909–6915, 1998.
- Stearman R, Yuan DS, Yamaguchi-Iwai Y, Klausner RD, Dancis A: A permease-oxidase complex involved in high-affinity iron uptake in yeast. Science 271: 1552–1557, 1996.
- Hayaishi O, Mitsuhiro N, Abbott MT: Oxygenases: Dioxygenases. In Boyer L (ed): “The Enzymes,” Vol. 12, Part B. London: Academic Press, pp 120–183, 1975.
- Connor HD, Fischer V, Mason RP: A search for oxygen-centered free radicals in the lipoxygenase/linoleic acid system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 141: 614–621, 1986.
- Mordi RC: Mechanism of β-carotene degradation. Biochem J Letters 292: 310–312, 1993.
- Paynter DI, Moir RJ, Underwood EJ: Changes in activity of the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase enzyme in tissues of the rat with changes in dietary copper. J Nutr 109: 1570–1576, 1979.