811
Views
68
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Dairy Product Consumption and the Risk of Breast Cancer

, PhD
Pages 556S-568S | Received 09 Sep 2005, Published online: 18 Jun 2013

REFERENCES

  • Greenlee RT, Murray T, Bolden S, Wingo PA: Cancer statistics, 2000.CA Cancer J Clin50 :7– 33,2000 .
  • Fisher B, Osborne CK, Margolese R, Bloomer W: Neoplasms of the breast. In Holland JF, Frei E, Bast RC, Kufe DW, Morton DL, Weichselbaum RR (eds): “Cancer Medicine,” 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lee and Febiger,pp 1706– 1774,1993 .
  • Pike MC, Spicer DV, Dahmoush L, Press MF: Estrogens, progestogens, normal breast cell proliferation, and breast cancer risk.Epidemiol Rev15 :17– 35,1993 .
  • Kuller LH: The etiology of breast cancer - From epidemiology to prevention.Public Health Rev23 :157– 213,1995 .
  • Kelsey JL, Bernstein L: Epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer.Annu Rev Public Health17 :47– 67,1996 .
  • Lacey JV, Devesa SS, Brinton LA: Recent trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality.Environ Mol Mutagen39 :82– 88,2002 .
  • Marsden J: The menopause, hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer.J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol83 :123– 132,2003 .
  • Ziegler RG, Hoover RN, Pike MC, Hildesheim A, Nomura AMY, West DW, Wu-Williams AH, Kolonel LN, Horn-Ross PL, Rosenthal JF, Hyer MB: Migration patterns and breast cancer risk in Asian-American women.J Natl Cancer Inst85 :1819– 1827,1993 .
  • Lopez-Otin C, Diamandis EP: Breast and prostate cancer: an analysis of common epidemiological, genetic, and biochemical features.Endocr Rev19 :365– 396,1998 .
  • Dunning AM, Healey CS, Pharoah PDP, Teare MD, Ponder BAJ, Easton DF: A systematic review of genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev8 :843– 854,1999 .
  • Harris JR, Lippman ME, Veronesi U, Willett WC: Breast cancer.N Engl J Med327 :319– 328,1992 .
  • Land CE: Studies of cancer and radiation dose among atomic bomb survivors.JAMA274 :402– 407,1995 .
  • Berube S, Diorio C, Verhoek-Oftedahl W, Brisson J: Vitamin D, calcium, and mammographic breast densities.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev13 :1466– 1472,2004 .
  • Bernstein L, Ross RK: Endogenous hormones and breast cancer risk.Epidemiol Rev15 :48– 65,1993 .
  • Michels KB, Trichopoulos D, Robins JM, Rosner BA, Manson JE, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Hankinson SE, Speizer FE, Willett WC: Birthweight as a risk factor for breast cancer.Lancet348 :1542– 1546,1996 .
  • Willett WC: Diet and Breast Cancer.J InternMed 249 :395– 411,2001 .
  • Outwater JL, Nicholson A, Barnard, N: Dairy products and breast cancer: the IGF-1, estrogen, and bGH hypothesis.Med Hypoth48 :453– 461,1997 .
  • Epstein SS: Re; Role of the insulin-like growth factors in cancer development and progression.J Natl Cancer Inst93 :238 ,2001 .
  • Li XM, Ganmaa D, Sato A: The experience of Japan as a clue to the etiology of breast and ovarian cancers: relationship between death from both malignancies and dietary practices.Med Hypoth60 :268– 275,2003 .
  • Qin L-Q, Xu J-Y, Wang P-Y, Ganmaa D, Li J, Wang J, Kaneko T, Hoshi K, Shirai T, Sato A: Low-fat milk promotes the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracine (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors in rats.Int J Cancer110 :491– 496,2004 .
  • Knekt P, Jarvinen R: Intake of dairy products and breast cancer risk. In Yurawecz MP, Mossoba MM, Kramer JKC, Pariza MW, Nelson GJ (eds): “Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume1,” Champaign, Illinois:AOAC Press ,pp 444– 470,1999
  • Boyd NF, Stone J, Vogt KN, Connelly BS, Martin LJ, Minkin S: Dietary fat and breast cancer risk revisited: a meta-analysis of the published literature.Br J Cancer89 :1672– 1685,2003 .
  • Missmer SA, Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Yaun S-S, Adami H-O, Beeson W.L., van den Brandt PA, Fraser GE, Freudenheim JL, Goldbohm RA, Graham S, Kushi LH, Miller AB, Potter JD, Rohan TE, Speizer FE, Toniolo P, Willett WC, Wolk A, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Hunter D J: Meat and dairy food consumption and breast cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies.Int J Epidemiol31 :78– 85,2002 .
  • Moorman PG, Terry PD: Consumption of dairy products and the risk of breast cancer: a review of the literature.Am J Clin Nutr80 :5– 14,2004 .
  • Hirose K, Takezaki T, Hamajima N, Miura S, Tajima K: Dietary factors protective against breast cancer in Japanese premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Int J Cancer107 :276– 282,2003 .
  • Shannon J, Cook LS, Stanford JL: Dietary intake and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.Cancer Causes Control14 :19– 27,2003 .
  • Cho E, Spiegelman D, Hunter DJ, Chen WY, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Premenopausal fat intake and risk of breast cancer.J Natl Cancer Inst.95 :1079– 1085,2003 .
  • Frazier AL, Li L, Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA: Adolescent diet and risk of breast cancer.Cancer Causes Control15 :73– 82,2004 .
  • Colditz GA, Frazier AL: Models of breast cancer show that risk is set by events of early life: prevention efforts must shift focus.Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev4 :567– 571,1995 .
  • Beth M, Berger MR, Aksoy M, Schmahl, D: Comparison between the effects of dietary fat level and of calorie intake on methylnitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female SD rats.Int J Cancer39 :737– 744,1987 .
  • Ip C: Quantitative assessment of fat and calorie as risk factors in mammary carcinogenesis in an experimental model. In Mettlin CJ, Aoki K (eds): “Recent Progress in Research on Nutrition and Cancer.” New York: Wiley-Liss, Inc,pp 107– 117,1990 .
  • Carroll KK: Experimental evidence of dietary factors and hormone-dependent cancers.Cancer Res35 :3374– 3383,1975 .
  • Rose DP, Boyar AP, Wynder EL: International comparisons of mortality rates for cancer of the breast, ovary, prostate, and colon, and per capita food consumption.Cancer58 :2363– 2371,1986 .
  • Willett WC: “Nutritional Epidemiology,” 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press,1998 .
  • Goodwin PJ, Boyd NF: Critical appraisal of the evidence that dietary fat intake is related to breast cancer risk in humans.J Natl Cancer Inst79 :473– 485,1987 .
  • Howe GR, Hirohata T, Hislop TG, Iscovich JM, Yuan J-M, Katsouyanni K, Lubin F, Marubini E, Modan B, Rohan T, Toniolo P, Shunzhang Y: Dietary factors and risk of breast cancer: combined analysis of 12 case-control studies.J Natl Cancer Inst82 :561– 569,1990 .
  • Graham S, Marshall J, Mettlin C, Rzepka T, Nemoto T, Byers T: Diet in the epidemiology of breast cancer.Am J. Epidemiol116 :68– 75,1982 .
  • La Vecchia C, Negri E, Franceschi S, Decarli A, Giacosa A, Lipworth L: Olive oil, other dietary fats, and the risk of breast cancer (Italy).Cancer Causes Control6 :545– 550,1995 .
  • Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, Adami H-O, Beeson L, van den Brandt PA, Folson AR, Fraser GE, Goldbohm RA, Graham S, Howe GR, Kushi LH, Marshall JR, McDermott A, Miller AB, Speizer FE, Wolk A, Yaun S-S, Willett WC: Cohort studies of fat intake and the risk of breast cancer.N Engl J Med334 :356– 361,1996 .
  • Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Adami H-O, Beeson WL, van den Brandt PA, Folsom AR, Fraser GE, Freudenheim JL, Goldbohm RA, Graham, S, Kushi LH, Miller AB, Rohan TE, Speizer FE, Toniolo P, Willett WC, Wolk A, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Hunter DJ: Types of dietary fat and breast cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies.Int. J Cancer92 :767– 774,2001 .
  • Holmes MD, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Hunter DJ, Willett WC: Dietary factors and the survival of women with breast carcinoma.Cancer86 :826– 835,1999 .
  • Willett WC: Specific fatty acids and risks of breast and prostate cancer: dietary intake.Am J Clin Nutr66 :1557S– 1563S,1997 .
  • Smith-Warner SA, Spiegelman D, Yaun, S-S, Adami H-O, Beeson WL, van den Brandt PA, Folsom AR, Fraser GE, Freudenheim JL, Goldbohm RA, Graham S, Miller AB, Potter JD, Rohan TE, Speizer FE, Toniolo P, Willett WC, Wolk A, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Hunter DJ: Intake of fruit and vegetables and risk of breast cancer.JAMA285 :769– 776,2001 .
  • Le Roith D: Insulin-like growth factors.N Engl J Med336 :633– 640,1997 .
  • Jones JI, Clemmons DR: Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions.Endocr Rev16 :3– 34,1995 .
  • Rajaram S, Baylink DJ, Mohan S: Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in serum and other biological fluids: regulation and function.Endocr Rev18 :801– 831,1997
  • Yu H, Rohan T: Role of the insulin-like growth factor family in cancer development and progression.J Natl Cancer Inst92 :1472– 1489,2000 .
  • Ricort J-M, Binoux M: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-3 inhibits type 1 IGF receptor activation independently of its IGF binding affinity.Endocrinology142 :108– 113,2 001.
  • Oh Y, Muller HL, Lamson G, Rosenfeld RG: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-independent action of IGF-binding protein-3 in Hs578T human breast cancer cells.J Biol Chem268 :14964– 14971,1993 .
  • Ruan W, Kleinberg DL: Insulin-like growth factor 1 is essential for terminal end bud formation and ductal morphogenesis during mammary development.Endocrinology140 :5075– 5081,1999 .
  • Khandwala HM, McCutcheon IE, Flyvbjerg A, Friend KE: The effects of insulin-like growth factors on tumorigenesis and neoplastic growth.Endocr Rev21 :215– 244,2000 .
  • Wood TL, Yee D: IGFs and IGFBPs in the normal mammary gland and in breast cancer.J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia5 :1– 5,2000 .
  • Juul A, Bang P, Hertel NT, Main K, Dalgaard P, Jorgensen K, Muller J, Hall K, Skakkebaek NE: Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in 1030 healthy children, adolescents, and adults: relation to age, sex, stage of puberty, testicular size, and body mass index.J Clin Endocrinol Metab78 :744– 752,1994 .
  • Thissen J-P, Ketelslegers J-M, Underwood LE: Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors.Endocr Rev15 :80– 101,1994 .
  • Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O’Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis.Lancet363 :1346– 1353,2004 .
  • Shi R, Yu H, McLarty J, Glass J: IGF-1 and breast cancer: a meta-analysis.Int J Cancer111 :418– 423,2004 .
  • Sugumar A, Liu Y-C, Xia Q, Koh Y-S, Matsuo K: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-binding protein 3 and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer: a meta-analysis of literature.Int J Cancer111 :293– 297,2004 .
  • Sachdev D, Yee D: The IDF system and breast cancer.Endocr Relat Cancer8 :197– 209,2001 .
  • Salahifar H, Baxter RC, Martin JL: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 protease activity secreted by MCF-7 breast cancer cells: Inhibition by IGFs does not require IGF-IGFBP interaction.Endocrinology138 :1683– 1690,1997 .
  • Woodson K, Tangrea JA, Pollak M, Copeland TD, Taylor PR, Virtamo J, Albanes D: Serum insulin-like growth factor 1: Tumor marker or etiologic factor? A prospective study of prostate cancer among Finnish mean.Cancer Res63 :3991– 3994,2003 .
  • Martin JL, Coverley JA, Pattison ST, Baxter RC: Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 production by MCF-7 breast cancer cells: stimulation by retinoic acid and cyclic adenosine monophosphate and differential effects of estradiol.Endocrinology136 :1219– 1226,1995 .
  • Sejrsen K, Pedersen LO, Vestergaard M, Purup S: Biological activity of bovine milk. Contribution of IGF-1 and IGF binding proteins.Livest Prod Sci70 :79– 85,2001 .
  • Etherton TD, Bauman DE: Biology of somatotropin in growth and lactation of domestic animals.Physiol Rev78 :745– 761,1998 .
  • Collier RJ, Miller MA, Hildebrandt JR, Torkelson AR, White TC, Madsen KS, Vicini JL, Eppard PJ, Lanza GM: Factors affecting insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration in bovine milk.J Dairy Sci74 :2905– 2911,1991 .
  • Honegger A, Humbel RE: Insulin-like growth factors I and II in fetal and adult bovine serum.J Biol Chem261 :569– 575,1986 .
  • Chaurasia OP, Marcuard SP, Seidel ER: Insulin-like growth factor 1 in human gastrointestinal exocrine secretions.Regul Pept50 :113– 119,1994 .
  • FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA): Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food, WHO Food Additives Series 41,pp 125– 146,1998 .
  • Guler H-P, Zapf J, Schmid C, Froesch ER: Insulin-like growth factors I and II in healthy man. Estimations of half-lives and production rates.Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)121 :753– 758,1989 .
  • Alpers DH: Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and proteins. In Johnson LR (ed): “Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract,” 3rd ed. New York: Raven Press,pp 1723– 1749,1994 .
  • Burrin DG: Is milk-borne insulin-like growth factor-1 essential for neonatal development?J Nutr127 :975S– 979S,1997 .
  • Coombes JS, Conacher M, Austen SK, Marshall PA: Dose effects of oral bovine colostrums on physical work capacity in cyclists.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise34 :1184– 1188,2002 .
  • Kuipers H, van Breada E, Verlaan G, Smeets R: Effects of oral bovine colostrum supplementation on serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels.Nutrition18 :566– 567,2002 .
  • Buckley JD, Brinkworth GD, Abbott MJ: Effect of bovine colostrum on anaerobic exercise performance and plasma insulin-like growth factor I. J. Sports Sci21 :577– 588,2003 .
  • Heaney RP, McCarron DA, Dawson-Hughes B, Oparil S, Berga SL, Stern JS, Barr SI, Rosen CJ: Dietary changes favorably affect bone remodeling in older adults.J Am Diet Assoc99 :1228– 1233,1999 .
  • Ma J, Giovannucci E, Pollak M, Chan JM, Gaziano JM, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ: Milk intake, circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-1, and risk of colorectal cancer in men.J Natl Cancer Inst93 :1330– 1336,2001 .
  • Khalil DA, Lucas EA, Juma S, Smith BJ, Payton ME, Arjmandi BH: Soy protein supplementation increases serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in young and old men but does not effect markers of bone metabolism.J Nutr132 :2605– 2608,2002 .
  • Ammann P, Laib A, Bonjour J-P, Meyer JM, Ruegsegger P, Rizzoli R: Dietary essential amino acid supplements increase bone strength by influencing bone mass and bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized adult rats fed on isocaloric low-protein diet.J Bone Miner Res17 :1264– 1272.
  • Jordan VC: Estrogens and antiestrogens. In Holland JF, Frei E, Bast RC, Kufe DW, Morton DL, Weichselbaum RR (eds): “Cancer Medicine,” 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lee and Febiger, pp 857–865, 1993.
  • Campos SM: Aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer in postmenopausal women.Oncologist9 :126– 136,2004 .
  • Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer: Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53 297 women with breast cancer and 100 239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies.Lancet347 :1713– 1727,1996 .
  • Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer: Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52 705 women with breast cancer and 108 411 women without breast cancer.Lancet350 :1047– 1059,1997 .
  • Stahlberg C, Pedersen AT, Lynge E, Ottesen B: Hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: the role of progestins.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand82 :335– 344,2003 .
  • Liehr JC: Is estradiol a genotoxic mutagenic carcinogen?Endocr Rev21 :40– 54,2000 .
  • Clemons M, Goss P: Estrogens and the risk of breast cancer.N Engl J Med334 :276– 285,2001 .
  • Russo J, Russo IH: Genotoxicity of steroidal estrogens.Trends Endocrinol Metab15 :211– 214,2004 .
  • Martin MB, Stoica A: Insulin-like growth factor-1 and estrogen interactions in breast cancer.J Nutr132 :3799S– 3801S,2002 .
  • Laban C, Bustin SA, Jenkins PJ: The GH-IGF-1 axis and breast cancer.Trends Endocrinol Metab14 :28– 34,2003 .
  • Key TJ: Serum oestradiol and breast cancer risk.Endocr Relat Cancer6 :175– 180,1999 .
  • Hsueh AJW, Billig H: Ovarian hormone synthesis and mechanism of action. In DeGroot LJ (ed): “Endocrinology,” 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders,pp 2019– 2030,1995 .
  • Odell WD: The menopause and hormone replacement. In DeGroot LJ (ed): “Endocrinology,” 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders,pp 2128– 2139,1995 .
  • The Endogenous Hormones and Breast Cancer Collaborative Group: Endogenous sex hormones and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of nine prospective studies.J Natl Cancer Inst94 :606– 616,2002 .
  • McTiernan A, Tworoger SS, Ulrich CM, Yasui Y, Irwin ML, Rajan KB, Sorensen B, Rudolph RE, Bowen D, Stanczyk FZ, Potter JD, Schwartz RS: Effect of exercise on serum estrogens in postmenopausal women: a 12-month randomized clinical trial.Cancer Res.64 :2923– 2928,2004 .
  • Thijssen JHH, van Landeghem AAJ, Poortman J: Uptake and concentration of steroid hormones in mammary tissue.Ann NY Acad Sci464 :106– 116,1986 .
  • Pasqualini JR, Chetrite G, Blacker C, Feinstein M-C, Delalonde L, Talbi M, Maloche C: Concentrations of estrone, estradiol, and estrone sulphate and evaluation of sulfatase and aromatase activities in pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer patients.J Clin Endocrinol Metab81 :1460– 1464,1996 .
  • van Landeghem AAJ, Poortman J, Nabuurs M, Thijssen JHH: Endogenous concentration and subcellular distribution of estrogens in normal and malignant human breast tissue.Cancer Res45 :2900– 2906,1985 .
  • Yue W, Santner SJ, Masamura S, Wang J-P, Demers LM, Hamilton C, Santen RJ: Determinants of tissue estradiol levels and biological responsiveness in breast tumors.Breast Cancer Res Treat49 :1S– 7S,1998 .
  • Geisler J: Breast cancer tissue estrogens and their manipulation with aromatase inhibitors and inactivators.J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol86 :245– 253,2003 .
  • Nakata T, Takashima S, Shiotsu Y, Murakata C, Ishida H, Akinaga S, Li P-K, Sasano H, Suzuki T, Saeki T: Role of steroid sulfatase in local formation of estrogen in post-menopausal breast cancer patients.J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol86 :455– 460,2003 .
  • Yue W, Santen RJ, Wang J-P, Hamilton CJ, Demers LM: Aromatase within the breast.Endocrine-Related Cancer6 :157– 164,1999 .
  • Masamura S, Santner SJ, Heitjan DF, Santen RJ: Estrogen deprivation causes estradiol hypersensitivity in human breast cancer cells.J Clin Endocrinol Metab80 :2918– 2925,1995 .
  • Hartmann S, Lacorn M, Steinhart H: Natural occurrence of steroid hormones in food.Food Chem62 :7– 20,1998 .
  • Henderson KM, Karanikolas M, Kenealy L, Macmillan KI: Concentrations of oestrone sulphate during pregnancy in milk from Jersey and Friesian dairy cows differing in milk yield and composition.NZ Vet J42 :89– 92,1994 .
  • Wilson SJ, Marion RS, Spain JN, Spiers DE, Keisler DH, Lucy MC: Effects of controlled heat stress on ovarian function of dairy cattle.1. Lactating cows.J Dairy Sci81 :2124– 2131,1998 .
  • Biller BMK, Daniels GH: Neuroendocrine regulation and diseases of the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. In Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL (eds): “Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine,” 14th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill,pp 1972– 1999,1998 .
  • Walden PD, Ruan W, Feldman M, Kleinberg DL: Evidence that the mammary fat pad mediates the action of growth hormone in mammary gland development.Endocrinology139 :659– 662,1998 .
  • Cohen P, Clemmons DR, Rosenfeld RG: Does the GH-IGF axis play a role in cancer pathogenesis? Growth Hormone & IGF Res10 :297– 305,2000 .
  • Kaulsay K, Zhu T, Bennett WF, Lee K-O, Lobie PE: The effects of autocrine human growth hormone (hGH) on human mammary carcinoma cell behavior are mediated via the hGH receptor.Endocrinology142 :767– 777,2001 .
  • Yang X-F, Beamer WG, Huynh H, Pollak M: Reduced growth of human breast cancer xenografts in hosts homozygous for the lit mutation.Cancer Res.56 :1509– 1511,1996 .
  • Swanson SM, Unterman T: The growth hormone-deficient spontaneous dwarf rat is resistant to chemically induced mammary carcinoma.Carcinogenesis23 :977– 982,2002 .
  • Emerman JT, Leahy M, Gout PW, Bruchovsky N: Elevated growth hormone levels in sera from breast cancer patients.Horm Metabol Res17 :421– 424,1985 .
  • Bauman DE: Bovine somatotropin and lactation: from basic science to commercial application.Domest Anim Endocrinol17 :101– 116,1999 .
  • Daughaday WH, Barbano DM: Bovine somatotropin supplementation of dairy cows. Is milk safe?JAMA264 :1003– 1005,1990 .
  • Juskevich JC, Guyer CG: Bovine growth hormone: human food safety evaluation.Science249 :875– 884,1990 .
  • Collier RJ, Bauman DE: Re: Re: Role of the insulin-like growth factors in cancer development and progression.J Natl Cancer Inst93 :876 , 2001.
  • Torkelson AR, Dwyer KA, Rogan GJ, Ryan RL: Radioimmunoassay of somatotropin in milk from cows administered recombinant bovine samatotropin. J Dairy Sci 70 (Suppl 1):146 ,1987 .
  • Souza SC, Frick GP, Wang X, Kopchick JJ, Lobo RB, Goodman HM: A single arginine residue determines species specificity of the human growth hormone receptor.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA92 :959– 963,1995 .
  • Lipkin M, Newmark HL: Vitamin D, calcium and prevention of breast cancer: a review.J Am Coll Nutr18 :392S– 397S,1999 .
  • Colston KW, Hansen CM: Mechanisms implicated in the growth regulatory effects of vitamin D in breast cancer.Endocr Relat Cancer9 :45– 59,2001 .
  • Javitt NB, Budai K, Miller DG, Cahan AC, Raju U, Levitz M: Breast-gut connection: origin of chenodeoxycholic acid in breast cyst fluid.Lancet343 :633– 635,1994 .
  • Pizer ES, Jackisch, C, Wood FD, Pasternack GR, Davidson NE, Kuhajda FP: Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis induces programmed cell death in human breast cancer cells.Cancer Res56 :2745– 2747,1996 .
  • Zemel MB, Role of dietary calcium and dairy products in modulating adiposity.Lipids38 :139– 146,2003 .
  • Boyapati SM, Shu XO, Jin F, Dai Q, Ruan Z, Gao Y-T, Zheng W: Dietary calcium intake and breast cancer risk among Chinese women in Shanghai.Nutr Cancer46 :38– 43,2003 .
  • Parodi PW: Milk fat in human nutrition.Aust J Dairy Technol59 :3– 59,2004 .
  • Ip MM, Masso-Welch PA, Ip C: Prevention of mammary cancer with conjugated linoleic acid: role of stroma and the epithelium.J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia8 :103– 118,2003 .
  • O’Shea M, Devery R, Lawless F, Murphy J, Stanton C: Milk fat conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits growth of mammary MCF-7 cancer cells.Anticancer Res20 :3591– 3602,2000 .
  • Miller A, McGrath E, Stanton C, Devery R: Vaccenic acid (t11–18:1) is converted to c9,t11-CLA in MCF-7 and SW480 cancer cells.Lipids38 :623– 632,2003 .
  • Masso-Welch PA, Zangani D, Ip C, Vaughan MM, Shoemaker SF, McGee SO, Ip MM: Isomers of conjugated linoleic acid differ in their effects on angiogenesis and survival of mouse mammary adipose vasculature.J Nutr134 :299– 307,2004 .
  • Oku H, Wongtangtintharn S, Iwasaki H, Toda T: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits fatty acid synthetase activity in vitro.Biosci Biotechnol Biochem67 :1584– 1586,2003 .
  • Wongtangtintharn S, Oku H, Iwasaki H, Toda T: Effect of branched-chain fatty acids on fatty acid biosynthesis of human breast cancer cells.J Nutr Sci Vitaminol50 :137– 143,2004 .
  • Buison A, Ordiz F, Pellizzon M, Jen K-LC: Conjugated linoleic acid does not impair fat regain but alters IGF-1 levels in weight-reduced rats.Nutr Res20 :1591– 1601,2000 .
  • Aro A, Mannisto S, Salminen I, Ovaskainen M-L, Kataja V, Uusitupa M: Inverse association between dietary and serum conjugated linoleic acid and risk of breast cancer in post menopausal women.Nutr Cancer38 :151– 157,2000 .
  • McCann SE, Ip C, Ip MM, McGuire MK, Muti P, Edge SB, Trevisan M, Freudenheim JL: Dietary intake of conjugated linoleic acids and risk of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer, Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer Study (WEB Study).Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev13 :1480– 1484,2004 .
  • Yang Z, Liu S, Chen X, Chen H, Huang M, Zheng J: Induction of apoptotic cell death and in vivo growth inhibition of human cancer cells by a saturated branched-chain fatty acid,13-methyltetradecanoic acid.Cancer Res60 :505– 509,2000 .
  • Yanagi S, Yamashita M, Imai S: Sodium butyrate inhibits the enhancing effect of high fat diet on mammary tumorigenesis.Oncology50 :201– 204,1993 .
  • Belobrajdic DP, McIntosh, GH: Dietary butyrate inhibits NMU-induced mammary cancer in rats.Nutr Cancer36 :217– 223,2000 .
  • Parodi PW: A role for milk proteins in cancer prevention.Aust J Dairy Technol.53 :37– 47,1998 .
  • Hakkak R, Korourian S, Shelnutt SR, Lensing S, Ronis MJJ, Badger TM: Diets containing whey proteins or soy protein isolate protect against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracine-induced mammary tumors in female rats.Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev9 :113– 117,2000 .
  • Zhang SM, Willett WC, Selhub J, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Hankinson SE: A prospective study of plasma total cysteine and risk of breast cancer.Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev12 :1188– 1193,2003 .
  • Shin M-H, Holmes MD, Hankinson SE, Wu K, Colditz GA, Willett WC: Intake of dairy products, calcium, and Vitamin D and risk of breast cancer.J Natl Cancer Inst94 :1301– 1311,2002 .
  • Hjartaker A, Laake P, Lund E: Childhood and adult milk consumption and risk of premenopausal breast cancer in a cohort of 48,844 women - the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study.Int J Cancer93 :888– 893,2001 .
  • Shu XO, Jin F, Dai Q, Wen W, Potter JD, Kushi LH, Ruan Z, Gao Y-T, Zheng W: Soyfood intake during adolescence and subsequent risk of breast cancer among Chinese women.Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev10 :483– 488,2001 .
  • Potischman N, Weiss HA, Swanson CA, Coates RJ, Gammon MD, Malone KE, Brogan D, Stanford JL, Hoover RN, Brinton LA: Diet during adolescence and risk of breast cancer among young women.J Natl Cancer Inst90 :226– 233,1998 .
  • Pryor M, Slattery ML, Robison LM, Egger M: Adolescent diet and breast cancer in Utah.Cancer Res49 :2161– 2167,1989 .
  • Hislop TG, Coldman AJ, Elwood JM, Brauer G, Kan L: Childood and recent eating patterns and risk of breast cancer.Cancer Detect Prev9 :47– 58,1986 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.