Dietary Glycemic Index, Dietary Glycemic Load, and Incidence of Heart Failure Events: A Prospective Study of Middle-Aged and Elderly WomenFootnote

This work was presented in abstract form at the American Heart Association Joint Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Conference and Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism Conference, Palm Harbor, Florida, March 11, 2009.

REFERENCES

• HuntSAAbrahamWTChinMHFeldmanAMFrancisGSGaniatsTGJessupMKonstamMAManciniDMMichlKOatesJARahkoPSSilverMAStevensonLWYancyCWAntmanEMSmithSCJrAdamsCDAndersonJLFaxonDPFusterVHalperinJLHiratzkaLFJacobsAKNishimuraROrnatoJPPageRLRiegelB: ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult—summary article. Circulation 112: 1825– 1852, 2005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KozakLDeFrancesCHallM: Nation Hospital Discharge Survey: 2004 annual summary with detailed diagnosis and procedure data. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 13 162: 1– 209, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd-JonesDMLarsonMGLeipEPBeiserAD'AgostinoRBKannelWBMurabitoJMVasanRSBenjaminEJLevyD: Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 106: 3068– 3072, 2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SwedbergKClelandJDargieHDrexlerHFollathFKomajdaMTavazziLSmisethOA: Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: full text (update 2005). European Society of Cardiology. 2005. Accessed at: http://www.escardio.org/NR/rdonlyres/8A2848B4-5DEB-41B9-9A0A-5B5A90494B64/0/guidelines_CHF_FT_2005.pdf
   Google Scholar
• SchaufelbergerMSwedbergKKosterMRosenMRosengrenA: Decreasing one-year mortality and hospitalization rates for heart failure in Sweden; Data from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Registry 1988 to 2000. Eur Heart J 25: 300– 307, 2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchockenDDBenjaminEJFonarowGCKrumholzHMLevyDMensahGANarulaJShorESYoungJBHongY: Prevention of heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Epidemiology and Prevention, Clinical Cardiology, Cardiovascular Nursing, and High Blood Pressure Research; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group; and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation 117: 2544– 2565, 2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SalmeronJMansonJEStampferMJColditzGAWingALWillettWC: Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA 277: 472– 477, 1997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JenkinsDJWoleverTMTaylorRHBarkerHFieldenHBaldwinJMBowlingACNewmanHCJenkinsALGoffDV: Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 34: 362– 366, 1981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand-MillerJCThomasMSwanVAhmadZIPetoczPColagiuriS: Physiological validation of the concept of glycemic load in lean young adults. J Nutr 133: 2728– 2732, 2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BarclayAWPetoczPMcMillan-PriceJFloodVMPrvanTMitchellPBrand-MillerJC: Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk–a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr 87: 627– 637, 2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HaltonTLWillettWCLiuSMansonJEAlbertCMRexrodeKHuFB: Low-carbohydrate-diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 355: 1991– 2002, 2006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TavaniABosettiCNegriEAugustinLSJenkinsDJLa VecchiaC: Carbohydrates, dietary glycaemic load and glycaemic index, and risk of acute myocardial infarction. Heart 89: 722– 726, 2003.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BeulensJWde BruijneLMStolkRPPeetersPHBotsMLGrobbeeDEvan der SchouwYT: High dietary glycemic load and glycemic index increase risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged women: a population-based follow-up study. J Am Coll Cardiol 50: 14– 21, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MenteAde KoningLShannonHSAnandSS: A systematic review of the evidence supporting a causal link between dietary factors and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 169: 659– 669, 2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KrishnanSRosenbergLSingerMHuFBDjousseLCupplesLAPalmerJR: Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cereal fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in US black women. Arch Intern Med 167: 2304– 2309, 2007.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VillegasRLiuSGaoYTYangGLiHZhengWShuXO: Prospective study of dietary carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic load, and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Chinese women. Arch Intern Med 167: 2310– 2316, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LevitanEBMittlemanMAHakanssonNWolkA: Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older Swedish men. Am J Clin Nutr 85: 1521– 1526, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van DamRMVisscherAWFeskensEJVerhoefPKromhoutD: Dietary glycemic index in relation to metabolic risk factors and incidence of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 54: 726– 731, 2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RizkallaSWTaghridLLaromiguiereMHuetDBoillotJRigoirAElgrablyFSlamaG: Improved plasma glucose control, whole-body glucose utilization, and lipid profile on a low-glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetic men: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 27: 1866– 1872, 2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BoucheCRizkallaSWLuoJVidalHVeroneseAPacherNFouquetCLangVSlamaG: Five-week, low-glycemic index diet decreases total fat mass and improves plasma lipid profile in moderately overweight nondiabetic men. Diabetes Care 25: 822– 828, 2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan-PriceJPetoczPAtkinsonFO'NeillKSammanSSteinbeckKCatersonIBrand-MillerJ: Comparison of 4 diets of varying glycemic load on weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction in overweight and obese young adults: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 166: 1466– 1475, 2006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SlothBKrog-MikkelsenIFlintATetensIBjorckIVinoySElmstahlHAstrupALangVRabenA: No difference in body weight decrease between a low-glycemic-index and a high-glycemic-index diet but reduced LDL cholesterol after 10-wk ad libitum intake of the low-glycemic-index diet. Am J Clin Nutr 80: 337– 347, 2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MakiKCRainsTMKadenVNRaneriKRDavidsonMH: Effects of a reduced-glycemic-load diet on body weight, body composition, and cardiovascular disease risk markers in overweight and obese adults. Am J Clin Nutr 85: 724– 734, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JenkinsDJKendallCWMcKeown-EyssenGJosseRGSilverbergJBoothGLVidgenEJosseARNguyenTHCorriganSBanachMSAresSMitchellSEmamAAugustinLSParkerTLLeiterLA: Effect of a low-glycemic index or a high-cereal fiber diet on type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. JAMA 300: 2742– 2753, 2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LuscombeNDNoakesMCliftonPM: Diets high and low in glycemic index versus high monounsaturated fat diets: effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM. Eur J Clin Nutr 53: 473– 478, 1999.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PereiraMASwainJGoldfineABRifaiNLudwigDS: Effects of a low-glycemic load diet on resting energy expenditure and heart disease risk factors during weight loss. JAMA 292: 2482– 2490, 2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EbbelingCBLeidigMMSinclairKBSeger-ShippeeLGFeldmanHALudwigDS: Effects of an ad libitum low-glycemic load diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese young adults. Am J Clin Nutr 81: 976– 982, 2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WoleverTMGibbsALMehlingCChiassonJLConnellyPWJosseRGLeiterLAMaheuxPRabasa-LhoretRRodgerNWRyanEA: The Canadian Trial of Carbohydrates in Diabetes (CCD), a 1-y controlled trial of low-glycemic-index dietary carbohydrate in type 2 diabetes: no effect on glycated hemoglobin but reduction in C-reactive protein. Am J Clin Nutr 87: 114– 125, 2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DickinsonSHancockDPPetoczPCerielloABrand-MillerJ: High-glycemic index carbohydrate increases nuclear factor-kappaB activation in mononuclear cells of young, lean healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 87: 1188– 1193, 2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChessDJStanleyWC: Role of diet and fuel overabundance in the development and progression of heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 79: 269– 278, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• LiuSWillettWCStampferMJHuFBFranzMSampsonLHennekensCHMansonJE: A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 71: 1455– 1461, 2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OhKHuFBChoERexrodeKMStampferMJMansonJELiuSWillettWC: Carbohydrate intake, glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber in relation to risk of stroke in women. Am J Epidemiol 161: 161– 169, 2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LevitanEBMittlemanMAWolkA: Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load and mortality among men with established cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 63: 552– 557, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• WolkALarssonSCJohanssonJEEkmanP: Long-term fatty fish consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence in women. JAMA 296: 1371– 1376, 2006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BergströmLKylbergEHagmanUEriksonHBruceÅ: The food composition database KOST: the National Administration's information system for nutritive values of food. Vår Föda 43: 439– 447, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Foster-PowellKHoltSHBrand-MillerJC: International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002. Am J Clin Nutr 76: 5– 56, 2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WillettWC: “Nutritional Epidemiology,” 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• LevitanEBWestgrenCWLiuSWolkA: Reproducibility and validity of dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, and total carbohydrate intake in 141 Swedish men. Am J Clin Nutr 85: 548– 553, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The National Board of Health and Welfare: The Swedish Hospital Discharge Registry 1964-2003. Stockholm, 2005: 1– 28.
   Google Scholar
• IngelssonEArnlovJSundstromJLindL: The validity of a diagnosis of heart failure in a hospital discharge register. Eur J Heart Fail 7: 787– 791, 2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchaferJL: “Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data.” Boca RatonFL: CRC Press, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• AustinMAHokansonJEEdwardsKL: Hypertriglyceridemia as a cardiovascular risk factor. Am J Cardiol 81: 7B– 12B, 1998.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KnoppRHParamsothyPRetzlaffBMFishBWaldenCDowdyATsuneharaCAikawaKCheungMC: Gender differences in lipoprotein metabolism and dietary response: basis in hormonal differences and implications for cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 7: 472– 479, 2005.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AppelLJSacksFMCareyVJObarzanekESwainJFMillerERIIIConlinPRErlingerTPRosnerBALaranjoNMCharlestonJMcCarronPBishopLM: Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: results of the OmniHeart randomized trial. JAMA 294: 2455– 2464, 2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar