Hepatoprotective Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Through the Modulation of Gut Permeability and Inflammasomes in a Model of Alcoholic Liver Disease in Zebrafish

References

• World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, 2014. Available from: http://www.worldgastroenterology.org/UserFiles/file/guidelines/probiotics-and-prebiotics-english-2017.pdf [Accessed 2019 June 13].
   Google Scholar
• O’Shea RS, Dasarathy S, McCullough AJ. Alcoholic liver disease. Hepatol. 2010;51(1):307–328. Available from: doi:10.1002/hep.23258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirpich IA, Feng W, Wang Y, Liu Y, Barker DF, Barve SS, et al. The type of dietary fat modulates intestinal tight junction integrity, gut permeability, and hepatic toll-like receptor expression in a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2012;36(5):835–46. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01673.x.
   Google Scholar
• Xue L, He J, Gao N, Lu X, Li M, Wu X, et al. Probiotics may delay the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by restoring the gut microbiota structure and improving intestinal endotoxemia. Sci Rep. 2017;7(March):1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceccarelli S, Nobili V, Alisi A. Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling cascade as a regulator of the inflammation network during alcoholic liver disease. WJG. 2014;20(44):16443–16451. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen P, Stärkel P, Turner JR, Ho SB, Schnabl B. Dysbiosis-induced intestinal inflammation activates tumor necrosis factor receptor I and mediates alcoholic liver disease in mice. Hepatology. 2015;61(3):1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Günzel D, Yu A. Claudins and the modulation of tight junction permeability. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(2):525–569. doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guarner F, Khan AG, Garisch J, Eliakim R, Gangl A, Thomson A, et al. Probiotics and Prebiotics. 2011. Available from: http://www.worldgastroenterology.org/probiotics-prebiotics.html [Accessed 2019 January 8].
   Google Scholar
• Brandl K, Schnabl B. Is intestinal inflammation linking dysbiosis to gut barrier dysfunction during liver disease?. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;9(8):1069–1076. doi:10.1586/17474124.2015.1057122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szabo G, Csak T. Review inflammasomes in liver diseases. 2012;57:642–54.
   Google Scholar
• Davis BK, Wen H, Ting J. The inflammasome NLRs in immunity, inflammation, and associated diseases. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29(1):707–735. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu X, Dong L, Lin X, Li J. Relevance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. Front Immunol. 2017;8(DEC):1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui K, Yan G, Xu C, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhou R, Bai L, Lian Z, Wei H, Sun R, et al. Invariant NKT cells promote alcohol-induced steatohepatitis through interleukin-1β in mice. J Hepatol. 2015;62(6):1311–1318. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma Y-Y, Li L, Yu C-H, Shen Z, Chen L-H, Li Y-M. Effects of probiotics on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis. WJG. 2013;19(40):6911. Available from: http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v19/i40/6911.htm
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu H, Williams B, Schnabl B. Gut microbiota, fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Res. 2018;2(1):1–9. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2542568418000041
   Google Scholar
• Shi X, Wei X, Yin X, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhao C, Zhao H, McClain CJ, Feng W, Zhang X, et al. Hepatic and fecal metabolomic analysis of the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. J Proteome Res. 2015;14(2):1174–1182. doi:10.1021/pr501121c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wree A, Marra F. The inflammasome in liver disease financial support conflict of interest acknowledgements. J Hepatol. 2018;63(5):5–7.
   Google Scholar
• Westerfield M. The zebrafish book. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish (Danio rerio). 1999 December. 4th ed. Eugene: University of Oregon Press; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Meurer F, Hayashi C, Boscolo WR. Digestibilidade aparente de alguns alimentos protéicos pela tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus. Rev Bras Zootec. 2003;32(6):1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider ACR, Machado ABMP, de Assis AM, Hermes DM, Schaefer PG, Guizzo R, Fracasso LB, de-Paris F, Meurer F, Barth AL, et al. Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on hepatic and serum lipid profiles in zebrafish exposed to ethanol. Zebrafish. 2014;11(4):371–8. Available from: doi:10.1089/zeb.2013.0968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson JM, Bunte RM, Carty AJ. Evaluation of rapid cooling and tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222) as methods of euthanasia in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci [Internet]. 2009;48(6):785–789. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19930828%5Cnhttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC2786934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider ACR, Gregório C, Uribe-Cruz C, Guizzo R, Malysz T, Faccioni-Heuser MC, Longo L, da Silveira TR. Chronic exposure to ethanol causes steatosis and inflammation in zebrafish liver. WJH.. 2017;9(8):418–426. doi:10.4254/wjh.v9.i8.418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehlem A, Hagberg CE, Muhl L, Eriksson U, Falkevall A. Imaging of neutral lipids by oil red O for analyzing the metabolic status in health and disease. Nat Protoc. 2013;8(6):1149–1154. doi:10.1038/nprot.2013.055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouwehand A, Saxelin M, Salminen S. Phenotypic differences between commercial Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and L. rhamnosus strains recovered from blood. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39(12):1858–1860. 15():doi:10.1086/425741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang M, Wang C, Wang C, Zhao H, Zhao C, Chen Y, Wang Y, McClain C, Feng W. Enhanced AMPK phosphorylation contributes to the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant on chronic-alcohol-induced fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem. 2015;26(4):337–344. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim B, K-Y, Park Y, Ji S, Park W, Holzapfel CH. Protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against dyslipidemia in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2016;473(2):530–536. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.107.
   Google Scholar
• Sekirov I, Russell L, Antunes CM, Finlay BB. Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev. 2010;90(3):859–904. (doi:10.1152/physrev.00045.2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cinaroglu A, Gao C, Imrie D, Sadler KC. Atf6 plays protective and pathologic roles in fatty liver disease due to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Hepatology. 2011;54(2):1–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silveira T. D, Schneider AC, Hammes TO. Zebrafish: modelo consagrado para estudos de doenças humanas. Cienc Cult. 2012;64(2):4–5. Available from: http://cienciaecultura.bvs.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0009-67252012000200002&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt
   Google Scholar
• Shimada Y, Kuninaga S, Ariyoshi M, Zhang B, Shiina Y, Takahashi Y, et al. E2F8 promotes hepatic steatosis through FABP3 expression in diet-induced obesity in zebrafish. Nutr Metab (Lond) [Internet]. 2015;12(1):17. Available from: http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/12/1/17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nanji AA, Khettry U, Sadrzadeh S. Lactobacillus Feeding Reduces Endotoxemia and Severity of Experimental Alcoholic Liver (Disease). Exp Biol Med. 1994;205(3):243–247. Available from: doi:10.3181/00379727-205-43703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsyth CB, Farhadi A, Jakate SM, Tang Y, Shaikh M, Keshavarzian A. Lactobacillus GG treatment ameliorates alcohol-induced intestinal oxidative stress, gut leakiness, and liver injury in a rat model of alcoholic steatohepatitis. Alcohol. 2009;43(2):163–172. doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.12.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClain CJ, Cohen DA, Dinarello CA, Cannon JG, Shedlofsky SI, Kaplan AM. Serum interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity in alcoholic hepatitis. Life Sci. 1986;39(16):1479–1485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szabo G, Petrasek J. Inflammasome activation and function in liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12(7):387–400. Available from: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nrgastro.2015.94 doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrasek J, Bala S, Csak T, Lippai D, Kodys K, Menashy V, Barrieau M, Min S-Y, Kurt-Jones EA, Szabo G, et al. IL-1 receptor antagonist ameliorates inflammasome-dependent alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(10):3476–3489. doi:10.1172/JCI60777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Liu Y, Kirpich I, Ma Z, Wang C, Zhang M, Suttles J, McClain C, Feng W. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reduces hepatic TNFα production and inflammation in chronic alcohol-induced liver injury. J Nutr Biochem. 2013;24(9):1609–1615. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23618528%5Cnhttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC3804118 doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.02.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritze Y, Bárdos G, Claus A, Ehrmann V, Bergheim I, Schwiertz A, et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volynets V, Louis S, Pretz D, Lang L, Ostaff MJ, Wehkamp J, Bischoff SC. Intestinal Barrier Function and the Gut Microbiome Are Differentially Affected in Mice Fed a Western-Style Diet or Drinking Water Supplemented with Fructose. J Nutr. 2017;147(5):770–780. Available from: doi:10.3945/jn.116.242859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bull-Otterson L, Feng W, Kirpich I, Wang Y, Qin X, Liu Y, et al. Metagenomic Analyses of Alcohol Induced Pathogenic Alterations in the Intestinal Microbiome and the Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Treatment. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):4–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh V, Sharma J, Babu S, Singla A. Role of probiotics in health and disease: a review. JPMA J. 2013;253–257. Available from: http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/23894906
   Google Scholar