Assessing Outcome in Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Child Depression: An Illustrative Case Series

References

• Achenbach , T. M. , McConaughy , S. H. , & Howell , C. T. ( 1987 ). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity . Psychological Bulletin , 101 , 213 – 232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achenbach , T. M. , & Rescorla , L. A. ( 2001 ) . Manual for the ASEBA school aged form and profiles . Burlington , VT : ASEBA .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . ( 2000 ). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders ( ed., text revision) , 4th . Washington , DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Asarnow , J. R. , Scott , C. V. , & Mintz , J. ( 2002 ). A combined cognitive-behavioral family education intervention for depression in children: A treatment development study . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 26 , 221 – 229 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell-Dolan , D. J. , & Allan , W. D. ( 1998 ). Assessing elementary school children's social skills: Evaluation of the parent version of the Matson evaluation of social skills with youngsters . Psychological Assessment , 10 , 140 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birmaher , B. , Ryan , N. D. , Williamson , D. E. , Brent , D. A. , Kaufman , J. , et al. . ( 1996 ). Childhood and adolescent depression: A review of the past 10 years. Part I . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 35 , 1427 – 1439 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom , B. L. (1985). A factor analysis of self-report measures of family functioning. Family Functioning , 24, 225–239.
   Google Scholar
• Brent , D. , Holder , D. , Kolko , D. , Biramaher , B. , Baugher , M. , Roth , C. , et al. ( 1997 ). A clinical psychotherapy trial for adolescent depression: Comparing cognitive, family, and supportive therapy . Archive General Psychiatry , 54 , 877 – 885 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briggs-Gowan , M. J. , Carter , A. S. , & Schwab-Stone , M. ( 1996 ). Discrepancies among mother, child, and teacher reports: Examining the contributions of maternal depression and anxiety . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 24 , 749 – 765 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chorpita , B. F. , Yin , L. M. , Donkervoet , J. C. , Arensdorf , A. , Amundsen , M. J. , McGee , C. , et al. ( 2002 ). Toward large scale implementation of empirically supported treatments for children: A review and observations by the Hawaii empirical basis for Services Task Force . Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , 9 , 165 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicchetti , D. V. ( 1994 ). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology . Psychological Assessment , 6 , 284 – 290 .
   Google Scholar
• Clarke , G. N. , Hops , H. , Lewinsohn , P. M. , Andrews , J. , Seeley , J. R. , & Williams , J. ( 1992 ). Cognitive-behavioral group treatment: Prediction of outcome . Behavior Therapy , 23 , 341 – 354 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke , G. N. , Rohde , P. , Lewinsohn , P. M. , Hops , H. , & Seeley , J. R. ( 1999 ). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of adolescent depression: Efficacy of acute group treatment and booster sessions . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 38 , 272 – 279 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curry , J. , Rohde , P. , Simons , A. , Silva , S. , Vitiello , B. , Kratochvil , C. , et al. ( 2006 ). Predictors and moderators of acute outcome in the treatment for adolescents with depression study (TADS) . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 45 , 1427 – 1439 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeCuyper , S. , Timbremont , B. , Braet , C. , De Backer , V. , & Wullaert , T. ( 2004 ). Treating depressive symptoms in school children: A pilot study . Journal of European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 13 , 105 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• De Los Reyes , A. & Kazdin , A. E. ( 2005 ). Informant discrepancias in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: A critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study . Psychological Bulletin , 131 , 483 – 509 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Los Reyes , A. , & Kazdin , A. E. ( 2006 ). Informant discrepancias in assessing child dysfunction relate to dysfunction within mother-child interactions . Journal of Child and Family Studies , 15 , 645 – 663 .
   Google Scholar
• Eckshtain , D. , & Gaynor , S. T. ( 2003 ). Caregiver-Child Relationship Enhancement Training (C-CRET) . Unpublished protocol, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI .
   Google Scholar
• Emslie , G. J. , Heiligenstein , J. H. , Wagner , K. D. , Hoog , S, L. , Ernest , D. E. , Brown , E. , et al. ( 2002 ). Fluoxetine for acute treatment of depression in children and adolescents: A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial . Journal off the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 41 ( 10 ), 1205 – 1215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emslie , G. J. , Rush , J. , Weinberg , W. A. , Kowatch , R. A. , Hughes , C. W. , Carmody , T. , et al. ( 1997 ). A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in children and adolescents with depression . Achieves of General Psychiatry , 54 , 1031 – 1037 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finch , A. J. , Saylor , C. F. , Edwards , G. L. , & McIntosh , J. A. (1987). Children's Depression Inventory: Reliability over repeated administrations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 16, 339–341.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaynor , S. T. , & Lawrence , P. S. ( 2002 ). Complementing CBT for depressed adolescents with learning through in vivo experience (LIVE): Conceptual analysis, treatment description, and feasibility study . Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , 30 , 79 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Gaynor , S. T. , Weersing , V. R. , Kolko , D. J. , Birmaher , B. , Heo , J. , & Brent , D. A. ( 2003 ). The prevalence and impact of large sudden improvements during adolescent therapy for depression: A comparison across cognitive-behavioral, family, and supportive therapy . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 71 ( 2 ), 386 – 393 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grills , A. E. , & Ollendick , T. H. ( 2002 ). Issues in parent-child agreement: The case of structured diagnostic interviews . Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review , 5 , 57 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawley , K. M. , & Weisz , J. R. ( 2003 ). Child, parent, and therapist (dis)agreement on target problems in outpatient therapy: The therapist's dilemma and its implications . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 71 , 62 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilardi , S. S. , & Craighead , W. E. ( 1994 ). The role of nonspecific factors in cognitive-behavior therapy for depression . Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice , 1 , 138 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen , P. S. , Rubio-Stipec , M. , Canino , G. , Bird , H. R. , Dulcan , M. K. , Schwab-Stone , M. E. , et al. ( 1999 ). Parent and child contributions to diagnosis of mental disorder: Are both informants always necessary? Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 38 , 1569 – 1579 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jureidini , J. N. , Doecke , C. J. , Mansfield , P. R. , Haby , M. M. , Menkes , D. B. , & Tonkin , A. L. ( 2004 ). Efficacy and safety of antidepressants for children and adolescents . British Medical Journal , 328 , 879 – 883 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaslow , N. J. , Stark , K. D. , Printz , B. , Livingston , R. , & Ling-Tsai , S. ( 1992 ). Cognitive triad inventory for children: Development and relation to depression and anxiety . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 21 , 339 – 347 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazdin , A. E. ( 1989 ) Identifying depression in children: A comparison of alternative selection criteria . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 17 , 437 – 455 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacs , M. ( 1992 ) . Children's depression inventory manual . North Tonawanda , NY : Multi-Health Systems .
   Google Scholar
• Kvacs , M. ( 1996 ). Presentation and course of major depressive disorder during childhood and later years of the life span . Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 35 , 705 – 715 .
   Google Scholar
• Leitenberg , H. , Yost , L. W. , & Carroll-Wilson , M. ( 1986 ). Negative cognitive errors in children: Questionnaire development, normative data, and comparisons between children with and without self-reported symptoms of depression, low self-esteem, and evaluation anxiety . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 54 , 528 – 536 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewinsohn , P. M. & Clarke , G. N. ( 1999 ). Psychosocial treatments for adolescent depression . Clinical Psychology Review , 19 , 329 – 342 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matson , J. L. (1994). Matson evaluation of social skills with youngsters: Manual ( ed.) , 2nd. Worthington , OH : IDS Publishing Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Matson , J. L. , Esveldt-Dawson , K. , & Kazdin , A. E. ( 1983 ). Validation of methods for assessing social skills in children . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 12 , 174 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Matson , J. L. , Rotatori , A. F. , & Helsel , W. J. ( 1983 ). Development of a rating scale to measure social skills in children: The Matson evaluation of social skills with youngsters (MESSY) . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 21 ( 4 ), 335 – 340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nock , M. K. , & Ferriter , C. ( 2005 ). Parent management of attendance and adherence in child and adolescent therapy: A conceptual and empirical review . Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review , 8 , 149 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poznanski , E. O. , & Mokros , H. B. ( 1996 ) . Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R): Manual . Los Angeles : Western Psychological Services .
   Google Scholar
• Reinecke , M. A. , Ryan , N. E. , & DuBois , D. L. ( 1998 ). Cognitive behavioral therapy of depression and depressive symptoms during adolescence: A review and meta-analysis . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 37 , 26 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohde , P. , Clarke , G. N. , Mace , D. E. , Jorgensen , J. S. , & Seeley , J. R. ( 2004 ). An efficacy/effectiveness study of cognitive-behavioral treatment for adolescents with comorbid major depression and conduct disorder . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 43 , 660 – 668 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwab-Stone , M. E. , Shaffer , D. , Dulcan , M. K. , Jensen , P. S. , Fisher , P. , Bird , H. R. , et al. ( 1996 ). Criterion validity of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3 (DISC-2.3) . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 35 , 878 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer , D. , Fisher , P. , Dulcan , M. K. , Davies , M. , Piacentini , J. , Schwab-Stone , M. E. , et al. ( 1996 ). The NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version 2.3 (DISC-2.3): Description, acceptability, prevalence rates, and performance in the MECA study . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 35 , 865 – 877 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffer , D. , Fisher , P. , Lucas , C. P. , Dulcan , M. K. , & Schwab-Stone , M. E. ( 2000 ). NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry , 39 , 28 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence , S. H. , & Liddle , B. ( 1990 ). Self-report measures of social competence for children: An evaluation of social skills for youngsters and the list of social situation problems . Behavioral Assessment , 12 , 317 – 336 .
   Google Scholar
• The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) Team . ( 2004 ). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression . JAMA , 292 , 807 – 820 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins , M. W. , & Pacheco , M. ( 2000 ). Interobserver agreement in behavioral research: Importance and calculation . Journal of Behavioral Education , 10 , 205 – 212 .
   Google Scholar
• Weersing , V. R. , & Weisz , J. R. ( 2002 ). Mechanisms of action in youth psychotherapy . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 43 , 3 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisz , J. R. , Donenberg , G. R. , Han , S. S. , & Weiss , B. (1995). Bridging the gap between laboratory and clinic in child and adolescent psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 63, 688–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisz , J. R. , McCarty , C. A. , & Valeri , S. M. ( 2006 ). Effects of psychotherapy for depression in children and adolescents: A meta analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 132 , 132 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisz , J. R. , Moore , P. , & Southam-Gerow , M. ( 1999 ) . PASCET: Primary and Secondary Control Enhancement Training manual . Los Angeles : University of California, Department of Psychology and Psychiatry .
   Google Scholar
• Weisz , J. R. , Southam-Gerow , M. A. , Gordis , E. B. , & Connor-Smith , J. ( 2003 ). Primary and secondary control enhancement training for youth depression . In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Evidence based psychotherapies for children and adolescent (pp. 165 – 183 ). New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weisz , J. R. , Thurber , C. A. , Sweeney , L. , Proffitt , V. D. , & LeGagnoux , G. L. ( 1997 ). Brief treatment of mild-to-moderate child depression using primary and secondary control enhancement training . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 65 , 703 – 707 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yah , M. , & Weisz , J. R. ( 2001 ). Why are we here at the clinic? Parent-child (dis)agreement on referral problems at outpatient treatment entry . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 69 , 1018 – 1025 .
   Google Scholar